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SimplificationTechniquesandTricksPDF
PublishedonFriday,July03,2015

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SimplificationisoneofthemostimportantpartofQuantitativeAptitudesectionof
anycompetitiveexam.TodayIamsharingallthetechniquestosolve
Simplificationquestionsquickly.
RulesofSimplification
VVinculum
BRemoveBracketsintheorder(),{},[]
OOf
DDivision
MMultiplication
AAddition
SSubtraction

ImportantPartsofSimplification
NumberSystem
HCF&LCM
Square&Cube
Fractions&Decimals
Surds&Indices

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NumberSystem
Classification
DivisibilityTest
Division&RemainderRules
SumRules

Classification
Types
Natural
Numbers:
Whole
Numbers:
Integers:
Even&
Odd

Description
allcountingnumbers(1,2,3,4,5....)

naturalnumber+zero(0,1,2,3,4,5...)
AllwholenumbersincludingNegativenumber+Positive
number(......4,3,2,1,0,1,2,3,4,5....)
Allwholenumberdivisibleby2isEven(0,2,4,6,8,10,12.....)and
whichdoesnotdivideby2areOdd

Numbers: (1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19....)
Prime
Numbers:
Composite
Numbers:
CoPrime:

Itcanbepositiveornegativeexcept1,ifthenumberisnotdivisible
byanynumberexceptthenumberitself.
(2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,41,43,47,53,59,61....)
Naturalnumberswhicharenotprime
TwonaturalnumberaandbaresaidtobecoprimeiftheirHCFis
1.

Divisibility
Numbers

Divisible
by2

IFA
Number

Examples

Endwith
0,2,4,6,8are 254,326,3546,4718allaredivisibleby2
divisibleby2

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Divisible
by3

SimplificationTechniquesandTricksPDF|BankExamsToday

Sumofits

375,4251,78123allaredivisibleby3.

digitsis

[549=5+4+9][5+4+9=18]18isdivisibleby3

divisibleby3 hence549isdivisibleby3.

Divisible

Lasttwodigit 5648herelast2digitsare48whichisdivisibleby4

by4

divisibleby4 hence5648isalsodivisibleby4.

Divisible

Endswith0

225or330herelastdigitdigitis0or5thatmean

by5

or5

boththenumbersaredivisibleby5.

Divisible

Dividesby

by6

Both2&3

Divisible

Last3digit

746848herelast3digit848isdivisibleby8hence

by8

divideby8

746848isalsodivisibleby8.

Divisible
by10

Endwith0

4536herelastdigitis6soitdivisibleby2&sumof
itsdigit(like4+5+3+6=18)is18whichisdivisible
by3.Hence4536isdivisibleby6.

220,450,1450,8450allnumbershasalastdigitzero
itmeansallaredivisibleby10.

[Sumofits
digitin
oddplaces
Divisible
by11

Sumofits

Considerthenumber39798847
(Sumofitsdigitsatoddplaces)(Sumofitsdigitsat
evenplaces)(7+8+9+9)(4+8+7+3)

digits
ineven
places]=0
ormultipleof

(2312)
2312=11,whichisdivisibleby11.So39798847is
divisibleby11.

11

Division&RemainderRules
Supposewedivide45by6

hence,representitas:
dividend=(divisorquotient)+remainder
or
divisior=[(dividend)(remainder]/quotient

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divisior=[(dividend)(remainder]/quotient
couldbewriteitas
x=kq+rwhere(x=dividend,k=divisor,q=quotient,r=remainder)
Example:
Ondividingacertainnumberby342,weget47asremainder.Ifthe
samenumberisdividedby18,whatwillbetheremainder?
Number=342k+47
(1819k)+(182)+11
18(19k+2)+11.
Remainder=11

SumRules
(1+2+3+.........+n)=1/2n(n+1)
(1 2+2 2+3 2+.........+n2)=1/6n(n+1)(2n+1)
(1 3+2 3+3 3+.........+n3)=1/4 n2(n+1)2
ArithmeticProgression(A.P.)
a,a+d,a+2d,a+3d,....aresaidtobeinA.P.inwhichfirstterm=aand
commondifference=d.
Letthenthtermbetnandlastterm=l,then
a)nthterm=a+(n1)d
b)Sumofnterms=n/2[2a+(n1)d]
c)Sumofnterms=n/2(a+l)wherelisthelastterm
TrickstoSolveNumberSystem
UnitDigitMultiplication
ExamplesofNumberSystemwithExplanation

H.C.F.&L.C.M.
Factorization&DivisionMethod
HCF&LCMofFractions&DecimalFractions

Methods
OnBasis

H.C.F.orG.C.M

L.C.M.
Writeeachnumbersintoa

Writeeachnumberastheproduct

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Writeeachnumberastheproduct
oftheprimefactors.Theproductof
leastpowersofcommonprime
factorsgivesH.C.F.
Factorization Example:
Method

FindtheH.C.F.of108,288and
360.
108=2 23 3,288=2 532and
360=23532
H.C.F.=2232=36

ofprimefactors.Then,L.C.M
is
theproductofhighestpowers
of
allthefactors.
Examples:
FindtheL.C.M.of72,108
and2100.
72=2332,108=3322,
2100=225237.
L.C.M.=2333527=37800
Letwehavesetofnumbers.
Firstofallfindthenumber
whichdivideatleasttwoof

Letwehavetwonumbers.Pickthe thenumberinagivensetof

Division

smalleroneanddivideitbythe

number.remainderand

largerone.Afterthatdividethe

notdivisiblenumbers

divisorwiththeremainder.This

willcarryforwardasitis.

processofdividingthepreceding

Repeattheprocesstill

numberbytheremainderwill

atleasttwonumberis

repeateduntilwegotthezeroas

notdivisiblebyanynumber

remainder.Thelastdivisoristhe

except1.Theproductof

requiredH.C.F.

thedivisorandthe

Example:

undividednumbersisthe
required

Method

L.C.M.
Example:
FindtheL.C.M.of
12,36,48,72

H.C.F.ofgivennumbers=69

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H.C.F.&
L.C.M.of
Fractions

H.C.F.=H.C.F.ofNumerator/L.C.M.

L.C.M.=L.C.M.ofNumerator/

ofDenominators

H.C.F.ofDenominators

Productof
H.C.F.&

H.C.F*L.C.M.=productoftwonumbers

L.C.M.
L.C.M.ofDecimalnumbers

Decimal
numbers

H.C.F.ofDecimalnumbers

Step1.FindtheLCMofthe

Step1.FindtheHCFofthegiven

given

numberswithoutdecimal.

numberswithoutdecimal.

Step2.Putthedecimalpoint(in

Step2.Putthedecimalpoint(

the

inthe

HCFofStep1)fromrighttoleft

LCMofStep1)fromrightto

accordingtotheMAXIMUM

left

deciamlplacesamongthegiven

accordingtotheMINIMUM

numbers.

deciamlplacesamongthe
givennumbers.

PracticeSetPaper1ExampleswithExplanation
PracticeSetPaper2

Square&Cube
Square&Cube
SquareRoot&CubeRoot
FactorizationMethod
PerfectSquare
lastdigitis1,4,9,6,5

NonPerfectSquare
lastdigitis2,3,7,8

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SquareRoot&CubeRoot

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TrickstoFindSquareofAnyNumber
SquareRoot&CubeRoot

Fractions&Decimals
OnBasis

Explanation

Decimal

Anumberwithadenominatorofpowerof10isadecimalfractions.

Fractions

1/

1
38
10=1tenth /100=0.1 /100=0.38

Conversionof0.64(decimalnumber)intoaVulgarFraction.Firstof
allwritethenumericdigit1inthedenominatorofanumber(like
Vulgar
Fractions

here0.64)andaddasmanynumericzerosasthedigitinthe
numberafterdecimalpoint.Afterthatremovesthedecimalpoint
fromthegivennumber.Atlaststepjustreducethefractiontoits
lowestterms.So,0.64=64/100=16/2525.025=25025/1000=
1001/

Addition&Subtraction
Toperformtheadditionandsubtractionofadecimalfractioncould
bedonethroughplacingthemrightundereachotherthatthe
decimalpointslieinonecolumn.
3.424+3.28+.4036+6.2+.8+4
3.424
3.28
.4036
6.2
.8
+4______
18.1076

MultiplicationofaDecimalFraction
Tofindthemultiplicationofdecimalfraction,firstofallyouneedto
removethedecimalpointfromthegivennumbersandthenperform
Operations

themultiplicationafterthatassignthedecimalpointasmany
placesafterthenumberasthesumofthenumberofthedecimal
placesinthegivennumber.
Step1.0.06*0.3*0.40
Step2.6*3*40=720

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Step2.6*3*40=720
Step3.0.00720
Multiplicationofadecimalfractionbypowerof10
Amultiplicationofadecimalfractionbyapowerof10canbe
performthroughshiftingthedecimalpointtowardsrightasmany
placesasisthepowerof10.
like45.6288*100=45628.8,0.00452*100=0.452
Division

Tocomparethesetoffractionsnumbers,firstofallyouneedto
converteachfractionnumberorvalueintoaequaldecimalvalue
andthenitwillbebecameeasyforyoutoassignthem(the
Comparison

numbersorvalue)inaparticularway(ascendingordescending

order).
ofFractions 3 4 8
/5, /7, /9and9/11ArranginginAscendingOrder
3/5=0.6,4/7=0.571,8/9=0.88,9/11=0.818.

Now,0.88>0.818>0.6>0.571
8/9>9/11>3/5>4/7

RecurringDecimal
Adecimalnumberinwhichafteradecimalpointanumberorsetof
numberarerepeatedagainandagainarecalledrecurringdecimal
numbers.Itcanbewritteninshortenformbyplacingabarorline
abovethenumberswhichhasrepeated.

PureRecurringDecimal
Adecimalnumberinwhichalldigitsarerepeatedafteradecimal
Recurring
Decimal

point.

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Decimal

MixedRecurringDecimal
Adecimalnumberinwhichcertaindigitsarerepeatedonly.

ExampleswithExplanations

Surds&Indices
SomeRulesofIndices
SomeRulesofSurds

Surds&IndicesPracticeSet

SimplificationShortcutsPDF
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