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Abstract
According to the actual environment and condition
of coal mine, we proposed a data aggregation model
for wireless sensor networks to enhance the real-time
performance and the reliability of underground
environment monitoring system. In this model, all
sensor nodes were divided into different grid clusters
by geographical information and the network topology
was composed of two levels. The lower level including
all ordinary nodes was responsible for environment
monitoring and delivered the data to the upper level,
all the cluster head nodes formed the upper level which
took charge of local data collection and establishment
of the routing paths to sink. This paper discussed the
details of this data aggregation model and the
simulation results showed that this data aggregation
model was efficient in cutting redundancy data and
reducing transmission delay. It was suitable to be
applied to the real time monitoring networks in coal
mine.
Keywords: coal mining security, wireless sensor
networks, data aggregation, clustering based on grid
1. Introduction
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is a self-organized
wireless network composed of a large number of
sensor nodes with the function of data acquisition, data
processing and data communications. Nowadays it has
been gradually applied in many fields such as military,
industry, agriculture, environment monitoring, disaster
relief and the remote controlling of danger region. Now
the situation of coal mine security is serious, and gas
has became the most primary dangerous factor in
security incidents. So applying the technology of WSN
in real-time gas monitoring will overcome the
shortcomings of traditional monitoring network and
help to monitor and prevent coal mine gas accidents.
Underground wireless sensor networks should have
high reliability and scalability. Moreover, it should
provide acceptable real-time performance at the same
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2. System model
A typical coal mining face is composed with shaft
stations, main haulage way, seam roadway and level
crosscut, and there are different operation sides in each
coal seam. In this way, many different local networks
will form different mining areas. So the local networks
(WSN) and wired backbone network constitute of the
entire system. The local network is responsible for data
collection and data fusion, and there must be a gateway
node as sink in WSN. The wired backbone network
transmits data to the control center. The wireless
sensor nodes in operation measure gas concentration
and environmental parameters and delivery the data to
the cluster head node. So the date is delivered from the
lower level to the upper level. The cluster head nodes
delivery data to the gateway node in local network
through the routing paths established by certain
scheme, then the gateway node connected to the
backbone wired network sends the processed data to
the control center.
The gateway node coordinates the data transmission
of local area network and maintains the routing table.
The local network divides all its sensor nodes into
many virtual grids by geographical location
information to build different clustering structures.
Interests and exploratory data packets only diffuse
among the cluster head nodes. To average energy
consumption, the cluster head node must be changed
regularly. The routing paths will be updated
periodically with DD scheme, and it will not affect the
global routing of the networks when a new election of
cluster head nodes is accomplished or the topological
structure is changed by adding a new node in the
network or the positions of nodes are changed. So the
network has a better network scalability and
robustness.
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greatest one in the same grid, its own status flag will be
set to cluster head, and broadcast a cluster head
confirm message to all sensor nodes in the grid. As a
result, the cluster structure is built while the status flag
of all sensor nodes except cluster head is set to
common node after receiving the broadcasting
message.
In order to prevent over-consumption of energy,
sensor nodes serve as cluster head node by turns. If a
cluster head node detects its own value of surplus
energy is lower than the threshold value, a new
election of cluster head will start. The old cluster head
node broadcasts one-hop messages to all common
nodes in its cluster to report the information of their
surplus energy, the node with the greatest value of
surplus energy will be selected as the new cluster head
node and its status flag will be set to cluster head after
receiving the notice message from the old cluster head
node. Then the new election of cluster head is done and
the new cluster structure is built after the old cluster
heads status flag set to common node and all other
common nodes receiving the cluster head confirm
message from the new cluster head node.
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R
5
3.3Routing scheme
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y
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r
r
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5. Acknowledgement
6.References
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