Questions for report writing:

1. Why is the full wave rectification used here?

Ans: The full wave rectification is used here because the output voltage can be controlled by adjusting the
gate current.

2. What is the function of the diode in the gate circuit?

Ans:

When a voltage (Vs) is firstly applied, the unijunction transistor is OFF and the capacitor C1 is fully discharged but
begins to charge up exponentially through resistor R3. As the Emitter of the UJT is connected to the capacitor, when
the charging voltage Vc across the capacitor becomes greater than the diode volt drop value, the p-n junction behaves
as a normal diode and becomes forward biased triggering the UJT into conduction. The unijunction transistor is ON.

3. Explain the operation of the UJT relaxation oscillator.

Ans:

When power supply is switched ON the capacitor C starts charging through resistor R. The capacitor keeps
on charging until the voltage across it becomes equal to 0.7V plus Vbb. After this point the emitter to
RB1 resistance drops drastically and the capacitors starts discharging through this path. When the capacitor
is discharged to the valley point voltage Vv (refer Fig : 1) the emitter to RB1 resistance climbs again and
the capacitor starts charging. This cycle is repeated and results in a sort of sawtooth waveform across the
capacitor.

4. Explain the role of capacitor and variable resistance in the emitter of UJT.
Ans the UJT may not be able to handle the current spike UJT could become damaged thats why
capacitor is used, By varying the resistance connected in series with the capacitor, theamount of time
needed for charging the capacitor can be changed.

5. Why UJT trigging circuit is superior when compared to R and RC triggering circuit?

6. What do you mean by intrinsic standoff ratio and negative resistance region of UJT?
Ans: Intrinsic standoff ratio: IT is the ratio of the standoff voltage to the power supply
voltage. The standoff voltage is the voltage needed to fire e unijunction transistor's emitter.
The intrinsic standoff voltage is also defined as the ratio of the RB1 (base resistance 1) and
the interbase resistance (RBB).

Negative resistance region:

The characteristic curve for the UJT shows a negative resistance region. A common use of
the device is to make a relaxation oscillator. An n-type unijunction transistor(left symbol) is
made by implanting a small p-type emitter probe in a bar of n-type silicon.
7. What is phase control and delay angle?
Ans: Phase control: it is a method for power limiting, applied to AC voltages. It works by
modulating a thyristor, SCR, triac, thyratron, or other such gated diode-like devices into and
out of conduction at a predetermined phase of the applied waveform.
Delay angle: