SPLBE2016

PLANE TRIGONOMETRY LECTURE NOTES

PLANE TRIGONOMETRY

COURSE OUTLINE
Types of Triangles
Right Triangle
1. Area of a Triangle
2. Pythagorean Theorem
3. Trigonometric Functions
4. Trigonometric Identities
C. Obtuse Triangle
1. Area of a Triangle
2. Sine Law
3. Cosine Law
4. Law of Tangents
D. Area of a Triangle
E. Properties and Elements of a Triangle
F. Angles
A.
B.

A. TYPES OF TRIANGLE

B. RIGHT TRIANGLE

C. OBLIQUE TRIANGLE
SINE LAW

=
=



COSINE LAW
a2 = b2 + c2 2bc CosA
b2 = a2 + c2 2ac CosB

Area of a Right Triangle

A = bh
A = ab sinC = cb sinA
A = s(s a)(s b)(s c)
where s = (a+b+c)
A=

c2 = a2 + b2 2ab CosC

ACUTE ANGLE is an angle < 90o.

RIGHT ANGLE is an angle = 90o.
OBTUSE ANGLE is an angle > 90o.

Pythagorean Theorem
a2 + b2 = c2

STRAIGHT ANGLE is an angle = 180o.

Trigonometric Functions

COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES are angles whose sum is

90o.

Sin =

Tan = =

Cot = =

1
Sec = =

1
Csc = =

Cos =

REFLEX ANGLE is an angle >180o.

SUPLEMENTARY ANGLES are angles whose sum is

180o.
EXPLEMENTARY ANGLES are angles whose sum is
360o.
UNITS OF ANGLES. 90o = /2 radians = 100grads =
1600mils

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PLANE TRIGONOMETRY LECTURE NOTES

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
Sum of Two Angles
Sin (A+B) = SinA CosB + CosA SinB
Cos (A+B) = CosA CosB SinA SinB
Tan (A+B) =

TanA + TanB
1 TanA TanB

Difference of Two Angles

Sin (A-B) = SinA CosB CosA SinB
Cos (A-B) = CosA CosB + SinA SinB
TanA TanB
1 + TanA TanB

Tan (A-B) =

Double Angles
Sin 2A = 2 SinA CosA
Cos 2A = Cos2A Sin2A
2 TanA

Tan 2A = 1 Tan2 A
Half Angles
1
2

Sin A/2 =

1+
2

Cos A/2 =

Tan A/2 = 1+
QUADRILATERALS

ELEMENTS OF A TRIANGLE
Median, line drawn from the vertex of a triangle to the
midpoint of the opposite side.
Centroid, the common point where all Medians of the
triangle intersect.
Altitude, a perpendicular line drawn from the vertex
of a triangle to the opposite side.
Orthocenter, the point where all Altitudes of the
triangle intersect.
Angle Bisector, line drawn from one vertex of a
triangle to the opposite side by bisecting the
included angle between two sides.
Incenter, the point where all Angle Bisectors of a
triangle intersects.

ALTITUDE OF A TRIANGLE is a perpendicular

from any vertex to the opposite side.
ANGLE is the opening between two straight lines
drawn from a point.
APOTHEM of a polygon is the radius of its
inscribed circle.
CENTER OF POLYGON of a regular polygon is the
common center of the inscribed and
circumscribed circle.
CONCURRENT LINES are three or more line
which have one point in common.
DIAGONAL of a polygon is a line connecting 2
non-adjacent vertices of the polygon.

Any Quadrilateral
A = d1 d2 sin
A = (s a)(s b)(s c)(s d) abcd cos2
Where s = (a+b+c+d)/2
= (A+C)/2 or (B+D)/2
Cyclic Quadrilateral
A = (s a)(s b)(s c)(s d)
A+C = B+D = 180O
Ptolemys Theorem: ac + bd = d1 d2

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PLANE TRIGONOMETRY LECTURE NOTES

SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. Towers A and B stand on a level ground. From the top
of tower A which is 30m high, the angle of elevation of the
top of tower B is 48o. From the same point, the angle of
depression to the foot of tower B is 26 o. What is the
height of tower B.

2. Two sides of a triangle are 10cm and 25cm,

respectively. The perimeter maybe

3. The area of a triangle is 40 cm2 and two of its sides

measure 10cm & 16cm, respectively. What is the length of
the 3rd side?

13. If tan A = y/x, then cos (90oA) is equal to

A. y / (x2 + y2)

B. y / (x2 + y2)0.5

A. 25.16 cm

B. 9.02 cm

C. x / (x2 + y2)

D. x / (x2 + y2)0.5

C. 12.34 cm

D. 15.78 cm

14. If A, B and C are interior angles of a triangle and tanA

+ tanB + tanC = x, what is tanA tanB tanC equal to?

4. The angles of a triangle are in ratio 2:3:7 and its

perimeter is 20cm. Find the longest side.
5. A triangle has an area of 9.92cm2 and its perimeter is
15cm. Find the distance from the point of intersection of
its angle bisectors to one side.
6. A pole cast a shadow 15m long when the angle of
elevatior of the sun is 63o. If the pole leans 15o from the
vertical toward the sun, determine the length of the pole.
7. A boat left Port O and sailed S46oE at 50mph. Two
hours later, another boat left the same port and sailed
N28oE at 40mph. What is the bearing of the 1st boat from
the 2nd boat two hours after the 2nd boat left port O?
8. Two boys A and B started from the same point on a
circular trach 20m in radius and ran the same rate of
2m/s; A running toward the center of the circular track
and B along the circumference. Haw far apart are they
after 8 seconds? (from CE Board Exam)
9. From the top of a tower 100m high, two point A and B
in the plane of its base have angles of depression of 15o
and 12o, respectively. The horizontal angle subtended by
points A and B at the foot of the tower is 48o. Find the
distance between two points.
10. A triangle ABC has sides a=6cm, b=8cm and c=9cm.
Find the length of the median drawn from vertex A to side
BC.
11. If arcsin(3x-4y) = 1.5708 and arcos(x-y) = 1.0472,
what is the value of x? (from CE Board Exam)

A. 72cm

B. 69cm

C. 39cm

D. 50cm

A. x2 1

B. x

C. 1/x

D. none of these

15. A quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in a circle with the

extensions of sides AB and CD meeting at an external
point O. The angle of intersection (at O) of these two sides
is 30o. If AB=5m, CD=8m and AO=11m, find the area of
the quadrilateral.
16. When Mt. Pinatubo showed signs of activity,
PHILVOCS set up stations to monitor the volcano. Two
such station were A and B, 7kms apart and lying on the
same horizontal plane as the base of the volcano with B
nearer to the volcano. The angle of elevation at the top of
Mt. Pinatubo as observed from A was 8o. At the height of
Mt. Pinatubos fury, the vertical smoke from its crater
subtended a vertical angle of 64o at each station. Find the
height of Mt. Pinatubo and the vertical smoke. Assume
that stations A and B and the vertical smoke lie to the
same vertical plane.
17. 4 condominium buildings A, B, C and D in Bonifacio
Global City are equidistant from a shopping mall M. Condo
A and D are collinear with the shopping mall. If
AB=400m, BC=600m and CD=800m, find the distance
from the mall to each of the condominium.
18. From a point inside an equilateral triangle, the
distances to the vertices are 4cm, 5cm and 6cm,
respectively. Find the perimeter of the triangle.

12. If sin3A = cos12B, then A+4B is equal to

A. 20o

B. 30o

C. 40o

D. 50o

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