STUDY OF PARAMETERS OF A

TWO PORT NETWORK

---------------------------------------------------------Instruction manual

STUDY OF Z & Y PARAMETERS OF A

TWO PORT NETWORK
AIM: to study the Z and Y parameters of a two port network.
Theory:

A pair of terminals at which a signal (voltage or current) may enter or leave is called
a port.
A network having only one such pair of terminals is called as one port network. A
two-port network (or four-terminal network, or quadri-pole) is an electrical circuit or
device with two pairs of terminals. Examples include transistors, filters and
matching networks. The analysis of two-port networks was pioneered in the 1920s
by Franz Breisig, a German mathematician.
A two-port network basically consists in isolating either a complete circuit or part of
it and finding its characteristic parameters. Once this is done, the isolated part of
the circuit becomes a "black box" with a set of distinctive properties, enabling us to
abstract away its specific physical buildup, thus simplifying analysis. Any circuit can
be transformed into a two-port network provided that it does not contain an
independent source.

A two-port network is represented by four external variables: voltage and current at

the input port, and voltage and current at the output port, so that the two-port
network can be treated as a black box modeled by the relationships between the
four variables V1, V2, I1 and I2. There exist six different ways to describe the
relationships between these variables, depending on which two of the four variables
are given, while the other two can always be derived.
Note: All voltages and currents below are complex variables and represented by
phasors containing both magnitude and phase angle. However for convenience the
phasor notation

and

are replaced by V and I respectively.

The parameters used in order to describe a two-port network are the following: Z, Y,
ABCD, H,G. They are usually expressed in matrix notation and they establish
relations between the following parameters:
Input voltage
Output voltage
Input current
Output current

V1
V2
I1
I2

Z-model: In the Z-model or impedance model, the two currents I 1 and I2 are
assumed to be known, and the voltages V1and V2can be found by:

Where

Here all four parameters Z11, Z12, Z21, and Z22 represent impedance. In particular,
Z21 and Z12 are transfer impedances, defined as the ratio of a voltage V1 (or V2) in
one part of a network to a current I2 (or I2) in another part. Z12 = V1/I2. Z is a 22
matrix containing all four parameters.

Y-model: In the Y-model or admittance model, the two voltages V1 and V2 are
assumed to be known, and the currents I 1 and I2 can be found by:

Where

Here all four parameters Y11, Y12, Y21 and Y22 represent admittance. In particular,
Y21 and Y12 are transfer admittances. Y is the corresponding parameter matrix.
PROCEDURE: FOR Z PARAMETERS

Connect the circuit as shown in connection diagram shown below.

While making the connections make sure that connections are correct.
Connect all meters with correct polarities.
Switch on the trainer kit.
Set the DC power supply to 5V provided on the panel.
Make the switch S1 to open , only on in case of taking reading while
considering the type network.

PART A:
First open the output terminal 3 & 4 and Connect the power supply 5V to
the input terminal 1&2. Measure the output voltage (V 2), Input voltage
(V1) and input current (I1).
Refer the below connection diagram to making connections , dotted line in
diagram indicates that the measurement of voltage points i.e. at input
terminals first then output terminals not simultaneously.
Note the reading in the tabular column as shown below.
Repeat the procedure for another set of reading by varying the dc power
supply provided on the panel.

Z a n d Y P A R A M ET ER S O F 2 P O R T N ET W O R K

N ext g en er a t i on eq u i p m e n t s

P R O D U C T C O D E A L -E 4 1 8

PO W ER

O N

M A IN S

AC PO W ER SO URCE
0

15

V O LT M E TE R

3V

+
AM M ETER

1m A

15V

10m A

3
A

250E
O UTPUT
0 -1 5 V D C

100E
1K

330E

750E
4

S E T V O LTA G E
0 -1 5 V D C

PART B:
Secondly open the input terminals 1&2 and connect the supply 5V to the
output terminal 3 & 4. Measure the input Voltage (V 1), output current (I2)
and Output Voltage (V2) with the meter provided.
Refer the below connection diagram to making connections , dotted line in
diagram indicates that the measurement of voltage points i.e. at input
terminals first then output terminals not simultaneously
Note the reading in the tabular column as shown below.
Repeat the procedure for another set of readings.
Calculate the Z parameters using the formula given below.
Switch off the trainer after taking the readings.
CALCULATION:
Z Parameters:

Open circuit port-2 (i.e. I2 = 0) and measure V1, I1 and V2 and calculate Z11 & Z21
using the formulae

Z11

V1
I2 0
I1

Z 21

V2
I2 0
I1

1.

Z and Y PARAMETERS OF 2 PORT NETWORK

AMBEY

Next generationequipments

PRODUCT CODE AL-E418

POWER

ON

MAINS

AC POWER SOURCE
0

VOLTMETER

15

3V

+
AMMETER

1mA

15V

10mA

3
A

250E
OUTPUT
0-15VDC

100E
1K

330E

750E

SET VOLTAGE
0-15VDC

To Measure Z12 and Z22, open circuit port-1 (i.e. I1=0) and measure V1, V2 and I2 and
calculate Z12 & Z21 using the formulae

Z12

V1
I1 0
I2

Z 22

V2
I1 0
I2

Observation table for Z Parameters:

Sr. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

When OUTPUT is open circuited (i.e.

I2 = 0)
V1
V2
I1

When INPUT is open circuited (i.e. I1=0)

V1

V2

I2

PROCEDURE: FOR Y PARAMETERS

Connect the circuit as shown in connection diagram.

While making the connections make sure that connections are correct.
Connect all meters with correct polarities.
Switch on the trainer kit.
Set the DC power supply to 5V provided on the panel.

PART A:
First short the output terminal 3&4 and Connect the power supply 5V to the
input terminals 1&2. Measure the output current ( I2), input current (I1) & input
voltage (V1)

Refer the below connection diagram to making connections , dotted line in

diagram indicates that the measurement of current points i.e. at input
terminals first then output terminals not simultaneously
Note the reading in the tabular column as shown below.
Repeat the procedure for another set of reading by varying the dc power
supply provided on the panel.

Z a n d Y P A R A M ET ER S O F 2 P O R T N ET W O R K

N ext g en er a t i on eq u i p m e n t s

P R O D U C T C O D E A L -E 4 1 8

PO W ER

O N

M A IN S

AC PO W ER SO URCE
0

15

V O LT M E TE R

3V

+
AM M ETER

1m A

15V

10m A

3
A

250E
O UTPUT
0 -1 5 V D C

100E
1K

330E

750E
4

S E T V O LTA G E
0 -1 5 V D C

PART B:
Secondly short the input terminals 1&2 and connect the supply 5V to the
output terminal 3&4. Measure the input current ( I1), output current (I2) and
output voltage (V2) with the meter provided.

 Refer the below connection diagram to making connections , dotted line in

diagram indicates that the measurement of currents at points i.e. at input
terminals first then output terminals not simultaneously
Record the reading obtained as per in the table given below.
Repeat the procedure for another set of readings
Calculate the y parameters using the formula.
Switch off the trainer after taking the readings.

CALCULATION:
Y PARAMETERS:

Z a n d Y P A R A M ET ER S O F 2 P O R T N ET W O R K

N ext g en er a t i on eq u i p m e n t s

P R O D U C T C O D E A L -E 4 1 8

PO W ER

O N

M A IN S

AC PO W ER SO URCE
0

15

V O LT M E TE R

3V

+
AM M ETER

1m A

15V

10m A

3
A

250E
O UTPUT
0 -1 5 V D C

100E

330E

750E

1K
2

S E T V O LTA G E
0 -1 5 V D C

When port-2 is short circuited (i.e. V2=0), we get

Y11

I1
V2 0
V1

Y21

I2
V2 0
V1

To Measure Y12 and Y22, short circuit port-1 (i.e. V1=0) and measure V2, I1 and I2 and
calculate Y12 & Y22 using the formulae

Y12

I1
V1 0
V2

Y22

I2
V1 0
V2

Observation table for y Parameters

Sr.
No.
1.
2
3
4
5
6

When output is short circuited (i.e.

V2=0)
V1
I1
I2

When input is short circuited (i.e.

V1=0)
V2
I1
I2

STUDY OF ABCD PARAMETERS OF

TWO PORT NETWORK
AIM: To study the ABCD parameters of a two port network.
Theory:
A pair of terminals at which a signal (voltage or current) may enter or leave is called
a port.
A network having only one such pair of terminals is called as one port network. A
two-port network (or four-terminal network, or quadri-pole) is an electrical circuit or
device with two pairs of terminals. Examples include transistors, filters and
matching networks. The analysis of two-port networks was pioneered in the 1920s
by Franz Breisig, a German mathematician.
A two-port network basically consists in isolating either a complete circuit or part of
it and finding its characteristic parameters. Once this is done, the isolated part of
the circuit becomes a "black box" with a set of distinctive properties, enabling us to
abstract away its specific physical buildup, thus simplifying analysis. Any circuit can
be transformed into a two-port network provided that it does not contain an
independent source.

A two-port network is represented by four external variables: voltage and current at

the input port, and voltage and current at the output port, so that the two-port
network can be treated as a black box modeled by the relationships between the
four variables , , and . There exist six different ways to describe the relationships
between these variables, depending on which two of the four variables are given,
while the other two can always be derived.

Note: All voltages and currents below are complex variables and represented by
phasors containing both magnitude and phase angle. However, for convenience the
phasor notation

and

are replaced by V and I respectively.

The parameters used in order to describe a two-port network are the following: Z, Y,
A , h, g. They are usually expressed in matrix notation and they establish relations
between the following parameters:
Input voltage
V1
Output voltage
V2
Input current
I1
Output current
I2

ABCD -model: In the A-model or transmission model, we assume V1 and I1 are

known, and find V2 and I2 by:

Where

Here A and D are dimensionless coefficients, B is impedance and C is admittance. A

negative sign is added to the output current I 2 in the model, so that the direction of
the current is outward, for easy analysis of a cascade of multiple network models.
PROCEDURE:
Connect the circuit as shown in connection diagram shown below.
While making the connections make sure that connections are correct.
Connect all meters with correct polarities.
Switch on the trainer kit
Set the DC power supply to 5V provided on the panel.
Switch S1 in the network is for switching the network into the T OR PI.
BY DEFALUT MAKE IT OFF
PART A:
First open the input terminal and Connect the power supply 5V to the output
terminal. Measure the output voltage (V2), input voltage (V1) and output
current (I2).
Note the reading in the tabular column as shown below.
Repeat the procedure for another set of reading by varying the dc power
supply provided on the panel.
PART B:

 Secondly short the input terminals and connect the supply 5V to the output
terminal. Measure the input current (I1), output current (I2) and output
voltage (V2) with the meter provided.
Record the reading obtained as per in the table given below.
Repeat the procedure for another set of readings.
Calculate the ABCD parameters using the formula.
Switch off the trainer after taking the readings.

Observation table:
SNO.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

When input is open circuited (i.e.

I1=0)
V1
V2
I2

When input is short circuited (i.e.

V1)
V2
I2
I1

CALCUALTION:

TABULATION:
S.
No.

Parameter

1.

2.

3.

4.

Theoretical
Value

Practical Value