Latihan Keseimbangan Terma dan Muatan Haba Tentu Haba

1.

Diagram 1 shows an uncalibrated mercury thermometer placed in pure melting ice and steam to determine ice
point and steam point.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebatang termometer merkuri yang belum ditentukur dimasukkan ke dalam ais tulen yang
sedang melebur dan stim untuk menentukan takat ais dan takat stim.

Diagram 1 / Rajah 1

(a)
(b)

(c)

2.

State the working principle of the thermometer.

[1mark]
Principle of thermal equilibrium
Based on the Diagram 1:
Berdasarkan Rajah 1:
explain why the thermometer is placed in the steam above the boiling water instead of putting in
(i)
the boiling water?
[1mark]
0
To ensure the temperature of steam is at 100 C
determine the distance between the ice point and the steam point along the thermometer? [1mark]
(ii)
6.5cm
The mercury thermometer is then used to measure the temperature of liquid M. When the bulb of the
thermometer is immersed in liquid M, the length of the mercury column is 45 cm. Calculate the
temperature of liquid M.
[2marks]
= [(4.5 2.5) / 6.5] x 100 = 30.8 0C

Diagram 2.1 shows a 800 W immersion heater being used to heat water of mass 300 g in a beaker which is on an
electronic balance. The initial temperature of water is 28 0C.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan suatu pemanas rendam 800 W yang digunakan untuk memanaskan air berjisim 300 g
dalam bikar yang berada di atas neraca elektronik. Suhu awal air adalah 280C.

Latihan Keseimbangan Terma dan Muatan Haba Tentu Haba

Diagram 2.1 / Rajah 2.1

(a)
(b)

3.

State the transformation of energy involved while the water is heated with an immersion heater. [1 mark]
Electrical energy Heat energy
Calculate the heat energy absorbed by the water to reach its boiling point.
Hitung tenaga haba yang diserap oleh air itu untuk mencapai takat didih.
( Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg-1 oC-1)
(Muatan haba tentu bagi air = 4200 J kg-1 oC-1)
[2marks]
0.3 x 4200 x (100-28)
90720J

Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2 show two identical frying pan filled with cooking oil of different amount used to
fry an identical fish on a gas stove. The cooking oil has low specific heat capacity.
Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan dua buah kuali yang serupa berisi minyak masak dalam kuantiti yang
berbeza digunakan untuk menggoreng seekor ikan yang serupa di atas sebuah dapur gas. Minyak masak itu
mempunyai muatan haba tentu yang rendah.

Diagram 3.1/Rajah 3.1

Diagram 3.2 / Rajah 3.2
After a few minutes, it was observed that the fish in Diagram 3.1 is scorched and the fish in Diagram 3.2 is wellcooked even though was fried under the same state of flame.
Selepas beberapa minit, dapat diperhatikan ikan dalam Rajah 3.1 hangus dan ikan dalam Rajah 3.2 masak
sempurna walaupun digoreng di bawah keadaan api yang sama
(a) What is the meaning of specific heat capacity?
[1mark]
Quantity of heat required by 1 kg of mass to increase the temperature by 1 0C

Latihan Keseimbangan Terma dan Muatan Haba Tentu Haba

(b)

(c)

(d)

Using Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2, compare:

Menggunakan Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2, bandingkan:
(i)
The mass of the cooking oil used
[1mark]
Mass of cooking oil in Diagram 9.1 < Diagram 9.2 // vice- versa
(ii)
The quantity of heat supplied
[1mark]
Quantity of heat is equal / same
(iii)
The final temperature of the cooking oil
[1mark]
final temperature in Diagram 9.1 > Diagram 9.2
Relate the mass of the cooking oil with the state of fishes to deduce the relationship between mass and an
increase in temperature.
[2marks]
When mass of cooking oil is small, the fish is overcooked /scorched // vice-versa
When mass is small, increase in temperature is high // mass inversely proportional to
increase in temperature
Diagram 3.3 shows a boy at the sea shore.
Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan seorang budak lelaki berada di tepian pantai

Diagram 3.3 / Rajah 3.3

(e)

He feels the sea is cooler than land during the day but is warmer during the night. Explain why. [4marks]
During the day, the sea and the land receive the same amount of heat from the sun
Land heated to a high temperature because land has low specific heat capacity // vice-versa
During night, air above the land and sea release heat
Temperature of the sea decreases slowly because water has low specific heat capacity // vice
versa
Diagram 3.4 shows a car engine radiator.
Rajah 3.4 menunjukkan satu radiator enjin kereta.

Diagram 3.4 / Rajah 3.4

Latihan Keseimbangan Terma dan Muatan Haba Tentu Haba

You are required to design a car engine radiator which can function effectively, based on the following
aspects:
Anda ditugaskan untuk mereka bentuk sebuah radiator enjin kereta yang dapat berfungsi dengan
berkesan, berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:
[10marks]
Aspect
Explanation
Size of fan big
More wind to blow to cool the hot water faster
Number of fins many
Can cool the engine faster
Cooling liquid is water
High specific heat capacity // high boiling point
//cheap //easily available //does not react with the
inner part of engine
Liquid that has high specific heat capacity
Transfer large quantity of heat with small increase
in temperature
Liquid of high boiling point
Not easy to vapor when absorb heat from the
engine
4.

Diagram 4 shows a doctor used a thermometer to measure the body temperature of a girl.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan seorang doktor menggunakan sebuh termometer untuk mengukur suhu badan seorang
budak perempuan.

Diagram 4 / Rajah 4
(a)
(b)

(c)

What is the meaning of temperature?

[2 marks]
Degree of hotness
Explain in terms of thermal equilibrium, how the thermometer reads the body temperature of the girl.
[4 marks]
The thermometer is put under the tongue
The heat is transferred from the body to the thermometer
Mercury expand until it reaches a state of thermal equilibrium
The temperature of the thermometer is the same as the body.
Table 4 shows the characteristics of five termometers, A, B, C and D.
Jadual 4 menunjukkan ciri-ciri empat termometer, A, B, C dan D.
Thermometer
Liquid used
Glass walled
Diameter capillary
Termometer
Cecair yang
bulb
tube
digunakan
Dinding bebuli
Diameter tiub kapilari
kaca
A
Mercury
Thin
Big
Merkuri
Nipis
Besar
B
Alcohol
Thick
Small

Glass-bore stem and

cross section
Lubang batang kaca
dan keratas rentas
Thick and curved
Tebal dan melengkung
Thin and plane

Latihan Keseimbangan Terma dan Muatan Haba Tentu Haba

Alkohol
C
Mercury
Merkuri
D
Alcohol
Alkohol
Aspect
Liquid used is mercury

(d)

Tebal
Thin
Nipis
Thick
Tebal

Kecil
Small
Kecil
Big
Besar

Nipis dan satah

Thick and curved
Tebal dan melengkung
Thin and plane
Nipis dan satah
Explanation
Expands uniformly // sensitive to changes in
temperature
More sensitive to heat
Get a wider range // more sensitive to heat
Not easily to break // easy to read

Thin glass walled bulb

Small diameter of capillary tube
Glass-bore stem and cross section: thick and
curved
C
Mercury, thin, small and thick and curved
A thermometer which is not calibrated has a mercury column of length 5.0 cm. When the temperature is
00C and 25.0 cm when the temperature is 1000 C. The mercury column is 12.0 cm when put in liquid X.
Sebuah termometer yang belum ditentukurkan mempunyai panjang turus 5.0 cm apabila suhu adalah 0 0 C
dan 25.0 cm apabila suhu adalah 1000 C. Turus merkuri adalah 12.0 cm apabila diletakkan ke dalam
cecair X.
(i)

Determine the temperature of liquid X.

( l -l0) x 100
( l100 - l0)

[3 marks]

( 12 - 5 ) x 100
( 25 - 5 )
(ii)
(iii)

= 35 0C
Determine the temperature of liquid X in Kelvin
( 273 + 35 ) K = 308K
State a thermometric property used when making of a thermometer.
Volume expand with temperature

[1 mark]
[1 mark]

Latihan Keseimbangan Terma dan Muatan Haba Tentu Haba

Latihan Keseimbangan Terma dan Muatan Haba Tentu Haba

Latihan Keseimbangan Terma dan Muatan Haba Tentu Haba

Latihan Keseimbangan Terma dan Muatan Haba Tentu Haba

Latihan Keseimbangan Terma dan Muatan Haba Tentu Haba