Latihan Muatan Haba Pelakuran

Haba
1.

Diagram 1.1 and Diagram 1.2 shows a set-up of apparatus to determine the specific latent heat of
fusion of ice.
Rajah 1.1 dan Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan haba pendam tentu
pelakuran bagi ais.

Experiment set up

control set up

Radas eksperimen

Radas kawalan

Diagram 1.1 / Rajah 1.1

When the power supply is switched on, water will dripped out of the filter funnels. As soon as the
dripping is at a constant rate, beaker A and beaker B are placed underneath the filter funnels and
stopwatch is started simultaneously.
Apabila bekalan kuasa dihidupkan, air akan menitis dari corong turas. Sebaik sahaja titisan pada
kadar seragam, bikar A dan bikar B diletakkan di bawah corong turas dan jam randik dimulakan
serentak.
(a) What is the meaning of specific latent heat of fusion?
(b)

Heat absorbed to change 1kg of solid to liquid without any change of temperature[1 mark]
What is the purpose of having a control set-up?
To determine the mass of water collected due to the melting of ice at room temperature

(c)

[1 mark]
After 5 minutes, the mass of water collected in beaker A and B are measured.
Selepas 5 minit, jisim air yang dikumpulkan dalam bikar A dan B itu disukat.
Table 1 shows the data collected from the experiment.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan data yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen tersebut.

Latihan Muatan Haba Pelakuran

Haba
Mass of water collected in beaker A, / g

112

Jisim air yang dikumpulkan dalam bikar A, / g

Mass of water collected in beaker B, / g

12

Jisim air yang dikumpulkan dalam bikar B, / g

Amount of heat supplied, Q / kJ

50

(c)

Jumlah haba dibekalkan, Q / kJ

What is the mass of ice melted by the energy supplied by the power supply?

(d)

100g
Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion of the ice.

[1mark]

[2
(e)
(f)

marks]
Give a reason why the value in 1(c) is higher than the actual value.
Heat loss to surrounding
[1mark]
Suggest one way to get a more accurate value.
The heater must be fully immersed in ice

2.

[1 mark]

Diagram 2.1 shows two beaker A and B containing water at 0OC, with beaker A containing some
pieces of ice.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan dua buah bikar A dan B yang berisi air pada 0OC, dengan bikar A
mengandungi beberapa ketul ais.

Diagram 2.1 / Rajah 2.1

diagram 2.2 / Rajah 2.2

Latihan Muatan Haba Pelakuran

Haba
Diagram 2.2 shows the temperature of the water in beaker A and beaker B after 10 minutes.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan suhu bagi air dalam bikar A dan bikar B selepas 10 minit.
(a) What is the meaning of temperature?
Degree of hotnesss
(b)

(i)

Name the physical quantity involved in the melting of the ice.

Latent heat of fusion

(ii)

[1mark]

[1mark]

Using the kinetic theory of matter:

Dengan menggunakan teori kinetic jirim:
Explain why the temperature of the water in beaker A remains constant at 0OC.
Heat is used to break the bonds between ice molecules // weaken the force
of attraction between molecules

Kinetic energy of the ice molecules remains unchanged.

Explain why the temperature of the water in beaker B has risen.
Heat is used to increase the kinetic energy of the water molecules

(c)

Temperature depends on kinetic energy

[4 marks]
Relate the temperature increase of a substance to its specific heat capacity. Use this
relationship toexplain why a piece of iron becomes hotter than a piece of wood of the same
mass when both absorb the same amount of heat.
Substance with higher heat capacity requires more heat to change the temperature of
1OC.
the higher the specific heat capacity, the smaller the temperature change
specific heat capacity of wood is higher / vice versa
if the amount of heat absorb is the same, the change in temperature for wood is smaller /

(d)

vice versa
Diagram 2.3 shows food being fried in a wok of cooking oil.

[4 marks]

Rajah 2.3 menunjukkan makanan digoreng dalam sebuah kuali yang mengandungi minyak
masak.

Latihan Muatan Haba Pelakuran

Haba
Diagram 2.3 / Rajah 2.3
Suggest and explain how the food to be fried can be cooked in a short time based on the
following aspect of the material of the wok and the cooking oil.
Cadang dan terangkan bagaimana makanan yang digoreng boleh menjadi masak dalam masa
yang singkat berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut mengenai bahan kuali dan minyak masak.
Material of the wok
Bahan kuali:
(i) Specific heat capacity /Muatan haba tentunya
Low reason: can heat up faster / temperature increase faster
(ii) Thermal conductivity /Kekonduksian termanya
High reason: can conduct heat faster
(iii) Melting point / Takat leburnya
High reason: can withstand high temperature

3.

Cooking oil :
Minyak masak :
(iv) Specific heat capacity / Muatan haba tentunya
Low reason: heat up faster
(v) Boiling point / Takat didihnya
High reason: it will not change to vapour easily.
[10 marks ]
As many people strive to live a healthier lifestyle and eat a healthier diet, many new diets call for
steamed vegetables. The easiest method for cooking food in this way is to use a food steamer.
Diagram 3.1 shows an electric food steamer.
Semakin ramai orang berusaha untuk mengamalkan gaya hidup dan cara pemakanan yang sihat.
Oleh itu, mengukus ialah cara memasak yang semakin digemari. Cara paling mudah untuk mengukus
makanan adalah dengan menggunakan pengukus makanan. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sebuah
pengukus makanan elektrik.

Lower level containing water

Tingkat bawah yang mengandungi
air

Diagram 3.1 / Rajah 3.1

Latihan Muatan Haba Pelakuran

Haba
(a)

(i)

What is the meaning of specific latent heat of vaporisation?

(ii)

Amount of heat required to boil one unit mass of liquid to gas at its boiling point,
without change in temperature
[1 mark]
Explain how food is cooked by the food steamer in Diagram 3.1 in terms of the transfer of
heat.

(b)

(i)

Heat from the heater transfers to the water

Water changes to steam
Steam condenses on food
Steam transfers high latent heat to food
[4 marks]
Sharon poured 0.50 kg of water at room temperature in the lower compartment of the
steamer. Find the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of the water to 100
C. [Specific heat capacity of water, c = 4200 J kg1OC1, room temperature = 25 C]

(ii)

E = (0.50)(4200)(100-25)
= 157 500 J
The food in the steamer needs 4.5 105 J of heat to be steamed.

[2 marks]

Calculate the mass of water that was converted to steam during the steaming of the food.
[Specific latent heat of vaporisation of water, l = 2.3 106 J kg1]

[2
(iii)

marks]
State one assumption that you have made in 3(b) (i).
No heat loss to the surrounding

(c)

[1 mark]

Diagram 3.2 shows a cooler bag which can be used to keep food cool or warm.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan sebuah beg sejuk yang boleh digunakan untuk mengekalkan kesejukan
atau kepanasan makanan.
Inner lining
Pelapik dalam

Diagram 3.2 / Rajah 3.2

Latihan Muatan Haba Pelakuran

Haba
Table 11 shows the characteristics of four different cooler bags.
Jadual 11 menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi empat beg sejuk yang berlainan.

Cooler bag

Thermal

Specific heat

Density of the

Material of the

Beg sejuk

conductivity of

capacity

bag

inner lining

the bag

of the bag / J kg-

Ketumpatan beg

Bahan

Kekonduksian

1 C-1

terma beg

Muatan haba

pelapik dalam

tentu
P

Low

beg / J kg-1 C-1

900

Rendah

Low

Aluminium foil

Rendah

Kerajang

High

900

High

aluminium
Plastic

Tinggi
High

387

Tinggi
Low

Plastik
Plastic

Tinggi
Low

387

Rendah
Low

Plastik
Aluminium foil

Rendah

Kerajang

Rendah

aluminium
Table 3 / Jadual 3
Low
As heat insulator// prevent heat loss/ heat gain
Low
Absorbs less heat from the food // Lower final temperature
Low
Light
Aluminium foil
Reflects heat back to the food// help transfer escaped heat back to the food// contains the
heat within the cooler bag as long as it remains closed// Metallic material
S
cooler bag with low thermal conductivity, low specific heat capacity,
low density, aluminium foil as inner lining
[10 marks]

Latihan Muatan Haba Pelakuran

Haba