Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Tony Gibbs
CEP International Ltd
Consultant to PAHO/WHO
April 2008
Under a special grant from the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance of
the United States Agency for International Development (OFDA/USAID).
Background:
Previous regional wind hazard studies
for engineering design purposes
Durst-Deacon
120
120
120
120
120
100
90
50
(= 54 m/s)
(= 54 m/s)
(= 54 m/s)
(= 54 m/s)
(= 54 m/s)
(= 45 m/s)
(= 40 m/s)
(= 22 m/s)
29.0 m/s
37.0 m/s
41.0 m/s
44.5 m/s
46.0 m/s
41.0 m/s
43.0 m/s
42.0 m/s
31.5 m/s
27.5 m/s
(= 65 mph)
(= 83 mph)
(= 92 mph)
(= 100 mph)
(= 103 mph)
(= 92 mph)
(= 96 mph)
(= 94 mph)
(= 70 mph)
(= 62 mph)
10-min
10-min
CUBiC
Photo: UWO-BLWTL
Ir P C van Staalduinen
and
Dr Ir C P W Geurts
TNO
Hurricane Hazard in the Netherlands Antilles .
1997
1 Hour
120
113
91
79
10 minutes
127
120
96
84
Fastest mile
158
149
120
105
3 second gust
181
171
137
120
Durst-Deacon
0
930
920 9
20
920
9 00
930
9 1 0 9 00
94
890
910
930
94
890
950
93 0
95
88
9 20
920
920
91
93
93
0
94
96
0
94
95
100
930
95 0
96 0 940
0
970
98
99
950
96 0
96 0
120
120
120
110
130
120
120
110
110
100
100
90
80
90
70
130
60
50
120
40
30
130
100
90
130
130
140
140
130
130
120
110
120
110
100
90
80
100
150
120
70
60
140
50
150
140
120
40
110
30
100
30
180
160
170
160
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
150 160
130 140
190
170
90
80
70
150
140
130
120
170
170
180
170
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
150
170
160
200
190
90
80
160
150
140
Location
Lat
Long
100
700
1700
Trinidad (S)
10.03
61.33
19
32
82
102
Trinidad (N)
11.20
61.33
61
85
136
156
Isla Margarita
10.50
64.17
24
42
100
128
Grenada
12.12
61.67
85
107
154
168
Bonaire
12.25
68.28
77
101
149
156
Curacao
12.17
69.55
73
96
147
168
Aruba
12.53
70.03
77
100
146
162
Barbados
13.08
59.50
92
112
152
169
Saint Vincent
13.17
61.17
93
111
155
171
Saint Lucia
14.03
60.97
101
119
155
172
Martinique
14.60
61.03
104
121
159
171
Dominica
15.42
61.33
106
124
159
172
Guadeloupe
16.00
61.73
110
126
157
168
Montserrat
16.75
62.70
120
135
164
172
17.33
62.75
125
138
163
170
17.33
61.80
121
134
160
168
17.98
63.17
129
141
168
178
Anguilla
18.25
63.17
127
140
166
176
US Virgin Islands
18.35
64.93
130
143
167
176
18.45
64.62
128
141
169
180
Grand Cayman
19.33
81.40
128
147
187
200
19.72
79.82
118
136
178
197
3.0
Non-Hurricane
Wind Load Factor
2.5
Hurricane
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
1
10
100
1000
10000
1.2
1.2
1.2
2
1.
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.2
2
1.
1.1
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1. 3
1. 3
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.6 1. 7
1.5
1. 4
1.8 2 1. 9
topography
ground roughness
height above ground
size of structure
desired level of safety
Photo: UWO-BLWTL
Dynamic part of
Bernoullis basic
equation
q=
1 V 2
2
Constant = 0.00256
- 0.5
Pressure
keeps constant
with height
(Leeward)
- 0.6
- 0.6 - 0.6
ROOF
- 0.6
0.9
0.8
- 0.5
- 0.6
- 0.6
0.7
WIND
0.6
Pressure varies
with
height
(Widward)
0.5
- 0.6
- 0.7
- 0.5
- 0.5
0.4
0.3
SIDE
0.30.3
0.4
0.4
FRONT
BACK
D
IN
1 + 1.7 I g 2 Q 2 g 2 R 2
Q
R
z
G f = 0.925
1 + 1.7 g v I z
HC1
HC2
HC3
HC4
HC5
Damage
Minimal
Moderate
Extensive
Extreme
Catastrophic
Minimum
wind speed
Maximum
wind speed
1-minute
mph
1-minute
mph
74
96
111
131
156
95
110
130
155
Surge
(USA
coasts)
Pressure
feet
mb
4-5
6-7
9-12
13-18
>18
>980
965-980
945-965
920-945
<920