SHOCK

is a state of physical shutdown

condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow
is a life-threatening medical condition of low blood perfusion to tissues
resulting in cellular injury and inadequate tissue function.
Circulatory shock- commonly known as shock
Not enough blood flow?
The cells and organs do not get enough oxygen and nutrients.
Hence, it can not function properly
This may lead to multiple organ failure
- requires immediate medical treatment
- can worsen very rapidly
Types of shock:
1. Cardiogenic shock (due to heart problems)
o is when the heart has been damaged so much that it is
unable to supply enough blood to the organs of the body
o Serious heart complications are the most common cause
o Many of this occur during or after a heart
attack (myocardial infarction)
Heart muscle damage
Irregular / slow heart rhythm
Rupture of the wall in the heart
2. Hypovolemic shock (caused by too little blood volume)
o is an emergency condition in which severe blood and fluid
loss make the heart unable to pump enough blood to the
body
o can cause many organs to stop working
Bleeding from cuts and injuries
Internal bleeding
Burns
Diarrhea
Excessive perspiration
Vomiting
3. Anaphylactic shock (caused by allergic reaction)
o is a severe, whole-body allergic reaction to a chemical that
has become an allergen
o tissues in different parts of the body release histamine and
other substances
o causes the airways to tighten
o Is a complication of a severe allergic reaction
(anaphylaxis)
o causes the airways to tighten

 Drug allergies
Food allergies
Insect bites / stings
4. Septic shock (due to infections)
o complication of an infection where toxins can initiate a
full-body inflammatory response.
o often occurs in people who are elderly or have a weakened
immune system
o patches of discolored skin, noticeably lower amounts of
urination, confusion, problems breathing, abnormal heart
function, fall in body temperature and light-headedness
5. Neurogenic shock (caused by damage to the nervous system)
o can be a complication of injury to the brain or spinal cord
o caused by the sudden loss of signals from the sympathetic
nervous system that maintain the normal muscle tone in
blood vessel walls
Causes
By conditions that reduce blood flow:
o Heart problems ( heart attack / heart failure)
o Low blood volume (heavy bleeding / dehydration)
o Changes in blood vessels ( infection / allergic reactions )
o Certain medications that reduce heart function or blood pressure
External / internal bleeding from serious injuries.
Trauma
Severe infection or burns
Poisoning or other causes
Symptoms

Anxiety / agitation
Chest pain
Confusion
Dizziness
Pale, cool skin
Rapid but weak pulse
Profuse sweating
Shallow breathing
Unconsciousness
* Signs and symptoms of shock may vary depending on circumstances.
Nausea or vomiting
Enlarged pupils
Weakness or fatigue
Changes in mental status or behavior, such as anxiousness or agitation

FIRST AID

o Call 911 for immediate medical help.

o Check the person's airway, breathing, and circulation. If necessary, begin
rescue breathing and CPR.
o Even if the person is able to breathe on his or her own, continue to check
rate of breathing at least every 5 minutes until help arrives.
o If the person is conscious and does NOT have an injury to the head, leg,
neck, or spine, place the person in the shock position. Lay the person on the
back and elevate the legs about 12 inches. Do NOT elevate the head. If
raising the legs will cause pain or potential harm, leave the person lying flat.
o Give appropriate first aid for any wounds, injuries, or illnesses.
o Keep the person warm and comfortable. Loosen tight clothing.
o IF THE PERSON VOMITS OR DROOLS
o Turn the head to one side to prevent choking. Do this as long as you do not
suspect an injury to the spine.
o If a spinal injury is suspected, "log roll" the person instead. To do this, keep
the person's head, neck, and back in line, and roll the body and head as a
unit.
DO NOT
o Do NOT give the person anything by mouth, including anything to eat or
drink
o Do NOT move the person with a known or suspected spinal injury
o Do NOT wait for milder shock symptoms to worsen before calling for
emergency medical help