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Definition of terms
Global reserves
refers to the mean grade of the reserves to
be mined over the life time of the mine.
Local reserves
refers to the mean grade of reserves to be
mined over short time increaments eg. year
by year.
Local ore reserves are used to produce the
mining schedule.
Definition of terms
Resources
usually based on geological interpretation
only. Mining parameters have not (or only
partly) applied.
Reserves
incorporate all aspect of the impact of
mining on the geological interpretation,
especially ore loss and dilution.
The
The
The
The
VOLUME CALCULATONS
1. Trapezoidal rules
The trapezoidal rule assumes the
area consists of a sequence of
trapezoids
Area =
(a1 + a2 )h + (a2 + a3 )h +
2
(
a + b )h
S=
2
a1
a2
a3
a4
a5
a6
a7
a8
a9
a10
2. Simpsons rule
Assumes the boundaries of each strip are best
represented by parabolas passing through
consecutive points.
Area =
1
h a1 + 2odd + 4even + an
3
Volume calculations
Volume = Area x thickness.
Tonnage Calculations
Tonnes = area x thickness x tonnage factors.
Specific Gravity
This is an improtant factor in the calculation
of tonnage.
WEIGHTING OF DATA
This is done by various methods
including: Simple arithmetic methods.
Weighting by width or thickness, length,
area, specific gravity.
g1 + g 2 + g 3 + g n
n
t1 + t 2 + t3 + ...t n
3. Area weighted
All blocks have constant thickness and weight factor
but different area.
mean =
A1 g1 + A2 g 2 + A3 g 3 + ... An g n
A1 + A2 + A3 + ... An
4. Volume weighted
The assumption here is that all blocks have SG.
mean =
V1 g1 + V2 g 2 + V3 g 3 + ...V n g n
V1 + V2 + V3 + Vn
5. Tonnage weighted
the assumption is that the tonnage and
grade of blocks are different.
mean =
T1 g1 + T2 g 2 + T3 g 3 + ...T n g n
T1 + T2 + T3 + Tn
CASE 1A
An averaging method (simplest case)
Consider a plan view of 14 drillholes
1
4
5
9
13
10
7
11
12
14
Drillhole
1
2
3
4
.
.
.
14
Thickness
t1
t2
t3
t4
.
.
.
t14
Grade
g1
g2
g3
g4
.
.
.
g14
t=
G=
14
14
CASE 1B
Consider the
Drillhole
previous example of
1
the 14 drillholes. In
2
the folowing
3
calculation it is
assumed thet
4
thickness varies from
point to point.
.
An average method
(thickness
weighting).
Thickness
Grade
Product
t1
g1
t1g1
t2
g2
t2g2
t3
g3
t3g3
t4
g4
t4 g
14
t14
g14
t14g14
ti
tigi
Average grade
tg
G=
t
i
Area of influence
polygon boundary
Drillhole
Ore zone limit
Line segment between
drillholes (construction aid)
b. Step change
The calculation of volumes may
use the following formulae.
(1) End Area Formula
A + A2
V = 1
L
2
A1 + A2
V =
L
2
For several sections
L
V = A1 + 2 A2 + 2 A3 + ... An
2
(2) Wedge Formula where
one end tapers to a line.
V=
A
L
2
A
V= L
3
Note
The frustum formula is
inaccurate in wedge
like orebodies
L
V = A1 + A2 + A1 A2
3
A1
A2
L
V = ( A1 + 4 Am + A2 )
6
This is better for ore bodies which pinch and swell.
Am = mean area between section i.e., auxiliary.
Sections need to be constructed.
COUNTOURING METHODS
(Isoline methods)
Contours are curved lines which join all
points of equal value.
Data is used to construct contours by
interpolation between point of known
values. Various techniques of interpolating
data may be used. (Specific techniques of
interpolation are discussed later).
Contouring method
As an example of the
interpolation technique consider
the method of finding the
volume of the following:-
Section
plan
Contouring method
To achieve this use
g0 +
g=
A
2
A
2
A
...
A
+
+
+
0
1
2
n
2
A0
Contouring method
The method reqiures data which has
1. A sufficient number of dat.
2. Appropriate data density
3. Appropriate distribution of data.
When data is unvenly distributed there can be
problems. (These problems will be discussed
later).
The map produced shows the areas of rich and
poor ore.
Contouring method
As an example
consider the
data
G=
g 0 a0 +
g
( A0 + 2 A1 + 2( A21 + A22 ) + ( A31 + A32 ))
2
A0
g3
A3
A2
1
A3
A2
g3
2
g2
g1
A0
g0
Contouring method
The method of contouring should be used only in
deposits of orderly changing thickness and grade.
It is not useful in very complex, discontinous
orebodies.
It is partucularly useful in orebodies where
thickness and grade decrease from the centre to
the periphery
The metal
M=
1
M 1 + M 2 + M 1M 2
3
Then
G=
m
v
L
V = ( A1 + 4 A2 + A3 )
6
1
M = (M 1 + M 2 + M 3 )
6
G=
M
V
2.
3.
Area of influence
Polygon boundary
Drillhole
Ore zone limit
Line segment between
Drillholes (construction aid)
Area of influence
Polygon boundary
Drillhole
*
(V )
= Z ( xi )i
n =1
i= 1
i= 1
Where:
i=
r
di
n
r
di
i= 1
0,64%
0,48%
d3=66m
d4=78m
0,69%
d2=52m
d1=32m
d5=92m
0,43%
d6=64m
0,75%
0,53%
Thank you