VOL.horde Baden - ‘Copiaht © 1960 162, 1946 by Joh Wiley & Sons, Ine Al ighis reserved, Authorized wanton fom Englth Lguogs ‘aon puttted by John Wile & Sons. Ie Cuprinsul volumelui I 2 SARCINA MATERIA 21 stato 2 Cinpat_eecre Inca emo 24 Gea in cp 2. Toon at Gus Ges Ani ~ ee es 8 we eee g as ‘2. rormertaiun nuverte 4 Poenbal deco 30 Bb onl “Pine so. fen red ob 6 se? so. Poeral wi Sel 2D 585s ners pots eich | 20, caPACETATI St imuzeratcr 33 Gael erp mo 1399 Cindenter pao dae. 21, COREL. 5 REZISTENTA 84 Cute 9h aerator de‘cincumnie mnctce ‘ee 4 Diane npn 6 Marra carne fever de pa Det Leen tat Arce i 2B Lap Blt Son seeteatent a a6 soverara, Se Seg ne | 23 Re vet gat ae 8 oscinagt suncrno- Curet 6e ailtee 28s ‘tate eae gor Seine oe 9-6 Veco. Potng a ‘a warns gf mmomacanen (meu $1 amemacrsA — "UNDE Plane 2 SOPRAPETE Ratna seach (053 Pra a apps le Eo reat 2 maria st nernactia — ‘Unb arenes st surmare® 12 ‘nde starts — Ont 42-4 Supt dei siti | 9 5 cite bie ae 9 perenne 1 Rages mt owe at 83 Cae & 184 Adame eae ice 62 puma hana es oirnacria 46. REEL De owancrite ee rouanmansia tout‘Sr Bat ae on 3 Race Gian G51 impratines amin 92 ‘es Duta inetgtare Be ‘e.uunana g1 FizIcA CUAWTICA ‘anf erat teens = sa 25 Peo de erences 82 Sih soacare cg dae 164 Sonnet ot Fettnie i acest eb terme Capitolul 26 Sarcina si materia 26.1 Bacwomagnetismul ® Inyoducore ‘Betrctatea cu sins ate Sdn En obervatla canoseuth Eck ‘de Phlles in Mle tat 200 Leng ch buat de ehblinbar fret ‘Stage buetale de pie Stoflul mageetsmuiay tnempe oaats cu obs {Teus cduosle oct "e gxempla magnet) stag Neral "Acere Gosh lois -audetoltet Independant ina tn) 1900" cad’ Hane Chelan Sera rita ora pn ante cle 0 ine ‘otal earapratul 35°), “ Eetfomagnctismul cao staid nous a fost deevota de mult oament he say dnt cave unl in at mat anpetant a fort Michael Faraday (Grote iBsny Ca‘eae s dat eae eleetromsagnetsmulut forma sub eae I cunoesem sel g fost Jomes Cere Maxwell (188100), este Leal rumite de obicel ecupile Tad Maxwell rnt peezentato In tbell 38 ‘cate lei Joach ty magnetism ala! cl ca cel pe ete lege mi ‘are fale Arai! yleersale ale Iu) Nowion Iau in mecaaic (0 toate ch sinters elettomagaetimulal dei de Maxwell se bozeazd in principal pe luedste predeceetioe lus eontebufa Tut este arte ie fivtants sills Mansell a dade ck fuming wate de. satu’ elect Ingelied ch vinman = poate gia find misurton pu cence Slimagretice, Aste qin opted a ort Vet tai de ony a ole Sule! mapoatismlit. Dement de opicbitnte al sousar a x= Weel ete remareail de lar eepinsed. principle fundamentals ipositivoloe elactomagnetice faptice, run ar Le motoare, clotoane, ‘olulstooreelatvonice, radioul @ telvsiunen, dispostvele "800%, ‘soseoapoe gf telescope Dezvltaea electromagnetsmulul dasie py sn teminat ca Maxvel Matra engee Oiiver Heaviside (501005) 1 in special fists lander HA Lopente (USS—1925 4 tonteibue seta a ale °5 ul MoxwoR, Inch Harte (18521096 a thu un mare fGen co'ie mat» ide Bt andl foadaea tere a ise a produ i nb os sande aswell" clectomagnetce Se tpn pe save not tam aur sch unde seule relia. Mental Ge ples In practi umole elector unt le it Meewell gt Herts en event Tes Mareoni@ ltr oemen’ de ant In present, fteesul in slectomagaetiam ert at do natrd practi sits Rindamentals La 2 sla apieior tginereyt ecu hit Max Sulit folate In mod «onetn9 univers! Ta colufoneren nat do Ineois Ing de probleme practice, Dia puncte vedere ab aspetaion Son {ental xt un eft continue Se a extinde tote Ia se apleare (itll tat elsromagaeiinsul si realle ca us coz sprit al one toe It generals O suede tuie a Potoa St eile (evoatanD tra rite a fal ceance Brenton rested fst Ine realizes 26:2 Sercina elected Ie couauare intel capitol ae va ocupa de saccoa cece de ughtuy gi co ort: Pllc arta ef stan! sed 2 wergen de uo Wlmnatl de on fr fe natose este toes cao bucall de mitare =e produe dou flurt 80 wncrceate eg fn fig. 26-1. Dach fromm co 78 {Ste o's dbus vecgen esi = fo proptem de eapata pie Fqun 261, D8 Senge frecatey von vedas een cece tae resping eocree Pe de ioe ita pete 0 Yergen din eben | Gels do ebonith frecate cu bland Shot oboe ale © Seren fp oan Socal ain eS sr pedal ce Sent Rear ee Stine A cages sated gas a a aTo6— anh pe ag Bat Aa elk Tier Seta Seen shana Seta Se sau peat pn in lel acaste, Put sf expsimdin acest fope expo mente spunind cd saree de cela jt se repay” eile de sen jer se trop. “Picea clcee mater Ie cle abocrvate ch esi fect ovtlelor de stels eau de nits ice ssid Yrcetl S03 SH Sst in nai pcpunedtoare a intr ites enreare, comparing sarine produ cu cle de pe verges Ge oka olde cbonit, le pot eategorise fe postive te negates [Conceptia toderné supra materi arat cf Subtarele Sa stares le ocmaly su erg, contin eareind gala pool’ yf negated. Duct dah ‘septs scemn tsi matsan, ine feet un eal, © ed sat find e'tansfrt dela un co In celal, peturtingneutaltates elee= Eres selon Soot carp ie Gal amine sia devine post or 263 Conduct i olan o corp metic fink tn fd fecal co and mu va presenta secomene treat Se Pera apnea Since Ca Sele ee sig posta tect cechscions ata te Cogar cs ca tt aes Sued ft nS ea Smoencre ti" pantul unt euttonre de electate pe ind sues Sony lms eet lator amo @ eee Tn crprte condviure sree sles sn Hine ok ee mile peat msi peal in aon’ ne Co tals Ses ns sal Se Pl Fv tare tne leer te ‘uncta de vodere ele se comport en lzolatoare periécte a ‘expan iat ray den eect Hal es § 29, arts cS ta nla nna Pale epic dat Spa ste ge ier Sa tic ponte ant five ca fost sas als aera dee thi? purr siren din mete ant ea et Ci sta fei Set ae pea oa un met ee eit exe? sateen uaa 9 sol rept So Sa area ai cm copa iahea os execle Io eect anbele ip de sacin sot me ssi a sea ee na ‘Hotel ant tt sa a ml SP Shp mee pit ae nee cee Shr Pris mien t's dacs alo Sea RIE er mote eae puritans de etal fe ge rng "2 26:4 Legea li Coulond Chases Augustin de Coulomb (78M aac dat fovpingeres elected st 9 doaut lagen care o' guverneaeApsatul {lout de el, cae poste fi tout figura. 25-2" scundnd ca vergaaue silane do un fr a figure 361, (a deoebirea ct trial caze in? IWeaehionsed th figura 20-2 int de fape dou ict ete ab ind, fora, olecirieh ce actoneaza ‘pea ut ova ella) raucenect {irl de eunpensie Couoein 4 echie "bat seas fort, eisucnd fr Ia fapltulopue aru asta ot Rtas Intec 10 ramina con Sand i eget cu o diana ale Ini tunel unghu este masura Felativa tore elecsiee co acior oh ssupra Iai @ Dipssival ia figura 262 so nameyte blows de forstn; um dapontiv sarsnstor foot foloit mal Rss de ete Coe endish peatra a masura. atrocia srawtional (§ 16-5, Prinul reaulat experimental pe care Coulomb Ta ob{aut pout fh ‘ris ate) unde F este mies fore ce acio- toast asupea Feteea dn cee dba Sreinia 1 8 far 7 ete ditanta co fe sepa, Acete forte seineess ik ‘Sonforate eo erin legit a ela Tut Newton: In lungs! nil care Sneyte ene dou saci da fen sunt opin, De atuert ch marimea forel ce ackoneaeh aspra nteet farcin este tear co toe of a Coulomb a stot de ascmonen eum depinds for clerk de sa cnt lected de po sferoe balanel Iu de" toreune De sxemply daca Stra ‘condctonreetrcti 0. atingem et 0 ald slog conductnre ae des enlany dr neetreysarcan tele ‘30 tnpurt Im ‘ ogl intre ale aout store ‘Cup asta do tchniea Coulomb completat loge 'desrist anterior etucind i fora Fett es.) 4, ay sito mourh reltvt 9 srcnior de pa sfrele a gb, Bout Sk dame fegea tu Coulomb, one vals doar pane Seno elec Inckrene ale iver timers lit mult mal ie caeitants inte ne $anem adesa ch loges este vials doar penta swreie! puncte: ‘Lage Io Colony seamind ea legeainvers proportional patat sistangel ages, lege cate def aven 10D de ape vecmen expe Henlor fuCoalamo; let ¢ fact roa Tul m din igen gravitate Cu {intl scenld aandnare tol gravatar foreie snk dean atacivel cesta covespunde fapfulr ed exis deud elute Saran elecies 4" (Gharent) doar um singue fol Se mas. ‘Corettudines Ingit Coulonds nu ete verifies eantitativ, oumal eu gurl experi Colon. aside clan de thane Bt ‘esa efatt Sahu od sem 00, fn sagen 202 vor velar geal Could ponte fi deduas into experenta Indien care {nies el exponcntul ain ecuapa 26-1 are valores cuprns tp Interaal Zz aber hewn ntorval fort resin rent Ge ere Wilms, Faller siti ie 23.10" (Cu toate lam intodus notunen de rcp etic, nu am datas nck nitatea ei de miurks Hat por so Stinin i oed oporn ning sarin @egsle pe sierele Bslane! de srstane i aniecing ora F Ear ecloneara supra lecteia, clad orc se piewee la o distant + flitoseutaPutem lus os valoarouaiits penis. acet serind Cire {sioneart cu o ford unitate asupea flctele vind sarcnile se piss Ta Sintan(s dota ung de ahs putom da apo un meg sagen lie i conta ‘in motive practic agate do preciia misuritrlor,untateg de sar int in stemul MGS nuvecto defini flornd 9 balan de trcune, Ch flecind do ln tlsien pesion curntul lett. Stim eh Gael concen Eriemiaie anu ir Vung la Dorele une: beter pia fr Va tece un ‘arent elmiris de Intenistet Ne maginim acest catent a9 ceplasare Sr suring Uniteteg MKS pentra Intnnitatog surenals ste omperat (Geseirtat 4) In porageatul 3-4 vom secene pressure experimen” thle pein ear ate deflate amper SRE hase, dt n Mea SS 2Vaitaten MKS de sarc ete coulombul (preseurtat © Un seule ete deft pri: soelna ove rece prio secina dad @ en fi ‘tmatetor inv secu cd pin fd conductor sa sabi um caren loner de'T armper Ace ante, ea, nde @ eet exprimst in c emt, doch feta expinat fo amp at Inaccunde. Ale, aed veetim Un fir conltor lao sferd metalieh Una, ptm se pe tics asarcint de lb"C duel prin ir tnee un trent de 10 tn de 10-5 ae yoevain continent eh pCa F107 cite 240" aa =39:10 € Intan bs d 0 wot nr 8 alt cae de 1 A, Stat elata 26-1 poate 6 sesh a 0 egaitate dack se Intoduce 9 coe tantt de proporialtte. [a loe‘ea uate fi sens simply, cee ‘Semple de oben! ere eh sb fork mat complex 27 ae, Unale ecuatt ce sint d duse din es 263, dar slot fotte mal des cle esa, tor avea 0! rm mal simpit ase pence In cca fe Jn ster MRS leg asia mate ay 7 Pdi oe. 2l prin proesde indepedente de legen ial Graiombs, Be aserenesy 1 ae pot ‘Eta vaio unat core pnsdtoure: Aga-nuita canctantd eer fittaze ay ve rest fn tot sos amare, eu tl 8 a198 eos ‘are cre fase eq mersst deeptal ec 20-358 ie egal eu 2) sing ‘Aeesté valve oieurn a dove a it ton SSUBXIO-H CPN? es) { In acest cat, valotcn de 89-10" C2N va fh conertd sue sient do procitprata ine preiemele Peat oplcaea seed eg Jett eu‘ence aa pobind in eae lntevine antes te pitem fol casi exact pena sean ete, 118 80X00" Nee suivant mest de eg oe ts sn pen ee fe aot fot Cn oe aint Pani aire a exe rnd ante be ferutbath semis Cae a 8 tse cdl chlo pate Bastar cote a Dac sin presente mat mutt de dou sarin, eectla 26-9 ele vala- bith pentru flere perache de Sereint Pie sarenle Qu de th Pet ‘aleultm fora exeretat tupra Unela din ele (eq) deel cone fslealte,flosind enna vectors BaRyt hatha (28-4) wae Fo de exemplu, este frka exerts de gy asupra Iv emp gra 363s ate rk sr gy yay Ce sk a ‘aah open al qi Proupunen ch gant @ ge saoeaee Cae SSaocae" resis am rcioem boa ‘Dis econ 263 pel in cone se art, cree ne ee ui muna! mins fret em Sse IE o py MINES ADA sg MOO Hat ete Tyce ssn ses Wat | at 46 20 sFigo 6 Bong peel a pote de FabFagaPattn sa 26:5 Sorina ae un caracter ss Pe vremen ll Franklin sari» eleiied ora considera ca un fluid conta Me uasc. de cxempln sou geal nu sat cone fir Gi rin les forte dina Expert aia ee anita sucint esctee minis “Aceas ead funda ‘inlet pe‘eate 0 notim ca & ate miviee 160010%10"" C. Oriee Mila obteccdg, jniferent o- modul ae producer, poote i sens eS vol were Sa Inteeg posit sau negate Bade “earn fins, wa sxempl sig, ach gre ‘Guantfioka. Cuaatifcarea.evts liza Yale moderne. Existenja_atomilor r paeielor de inal elecieoy lus a protnufutIndied sh masa Se Eipitent. Mot iris studcntl va ite eb-mat exists fac alte ‘Site marina eare s-s dovedits I cuamsiate stun lng au fost exe Sinae ig sea stoned pine el aint enengin. gk momenta oe "Beonte de satin ete ait de mist inet eecer vconti ah ‘ceil na ponte fr znist Ty experlejule macrosrpic, fot aa eum ‘puvae damm sgnna ch sor pe ce] cespira cle formst dia atom Fntctia bee obignast eo 110 W'gi't00 W intra gies in din dlament Inu secunda 10" carci elomentare Tp proce nu exists 0 tovre din cae «8 remlte euanticarea oar ci hice noi nt party unde Sasa Ceremony eatin newtonind int complete Fels stomiek Teoria clasts cletcomagaetiom, de eXemplay dese? ‘ores ee se petrece tind un mage informs de rete esut pee ‘els toch ein srt de cup dar Ob grey dack ‘tors al explicsm Prapelciilemagoetce ale sre pornind dela toms ln cave ene fr~ ale Sune cree teri ra sonamunge ale fie) contice peotrs = ‘pia east probleme sie 26.6 Serena gt moteia Materia care vein In covtct poate peta ca lind compu dio th flat de pestle elemestore poor neueonl electron HPSS GR ltcteie 6 vel tor De’ ott eh mat 6 eutronalut gf protonuu int apoxinati gale, pe ind cas a eect ilu ete mated de aproaimatiy 2600 orks "Also int consul Sinteun mucin den, ieirest pozty,Ineon= surat‘ un nore eeerois esl figure 0-4 [PROPRIETATI ALE PROTONULUL, NHUTHONULUT §1 ELECTRONULUL me fe | 3 | sees ‘Maza quclelus variant de In aproxinativ 110m pentew hide 3 Ia aprosimativ 72e10-'mponra esl mal eu atm Dieta) free al moral de glectroni, aed amet) alam = siueset Sp tnterenal'ta3citesan,adeh de aproaiaiy 10 rt et mare Sect ‘Sametro) suceul ramp Rstan + lave eeton 4 poem atm de log ee ae in Ss nae set mone» Pcie porate, 0Ta east ‘orp ean te dd deena It B20 me OE MOE LOK) EF Astle att wt de sony 20" ol mn nes de fara gre ii ‘Serica lio Coulomb ata mat profunds det simpla des. crtere's forilor ot aclonssed ote Here eal corpuctSncireat,"Acear {tgur lad ett eoprnst a cadral tine anno, deverie crest (2) for {ele cectrice ee enghsletonit sul stom de aasea! chu @) forale ‘eeag atom inpreuna pentru «forma tolule 3 ) fore ce fags omit sau molauiie mpreun pentru a forma, solide sau lchidae ‘Ast, majortates farsor ca care enim Slnie contac st care nu Sint de naturkravtaionaiy sin Ge natura sles 0 fort srasied Prnirun cab de let ite én eaenld'o for leteict, dasarece dank Eicon un plan Inagina perpeadicdar pe ‘stbla fore interstonsce ‘ectrce facta ce neloears ire sama etal Seuearte fe alta 2'planful sine eee are flo abla ok Noe rap. Nor Inne lotr uo Seaumblu de nucleo st eiczon! leat impreuns Toso configuratie ste Mid foree eulonene {interior midlet stoic fatty 0 fot a eet fll gravitational noel lected, Aceuat fori atactvs [gd nprating proto sf neutron ceormesss cles! ete namie sine ld fora muctera Daed acest tra nu ar 0 preset, quteul sar ccompune meds dn coca para fre halite de mpi ire ce ationcas tare prota ain nucle. Tov guseare ete SLs ajclosd minal poral formed peoblems central a corel: ‘lor sctsle din fina clears ace tect Sreupu 9 uti de separate ieee de 30 me ‘inp el Cts Acai con tre cos ‘aie nieve stciog, ones Asst sxomps, inpwans ce exempt aah ‘fre ce lepton noes in lt ral ines det free same. net one ste de leprae chin tat ma nen et roe [Punejoie craps sear paca, sopurte yon tea tan Fore soaombine opie er tefl tie poten aa mus fae nema pts Un. ain not rrr east Popa ek mile ls stn cose al into ac ptt ie ene SS ote, “Se aad fr 28 0 Tort sit coca tl ond le, ami de ecto da nuces (es mama tom) mir de ese! din made (oct maar Reton)Nosleene sat repre Sins pln nt te nly, ese Geert spony ea ~tn ete snot ee, Det he ail te Bo 7 {eats ma ove au un promunot exon Ge seats, 0 svind Ge proton eg cin am tn pr a ey re 250 deporte fi foot in Ho prota He mews Tot Sy ale Finer eto, Se pate soo site etek moval ct 1 po. {eo iat pom neeny meen ae) png cunbn Char Soult ae aun eso fmiprte wg is ee lie alc pce area ene ss urate eu suo fowls acum nt at ule de 2 pte simentace nce meres ca geaie rl at fle a ei 2, Sar c= ‘har di te Pn ta Lara po ae a mo 26:7 Sorina se conser ind o verges de sted este frecats ou ucts de mite, pe 3 spare o sind postvd: Misurtorie su artat ch suing nega, ae Satuntepadcpre go muse. Rovets steers ircen eigh arco ‘al nina © taners de peu oie paper ‘bind gor nauralaiey clecreh etna Acris pte uence. ‘nt Svcd Ufo saps nel smdnuntite vere erperinentaer at Te ecard atreesopied ct ts ened oich sau nuccora, nu fet ll ne 9 crepe 7 Fas mbes so inva te comosee ine ta nae Sand nee ithe porecke rok cin mie pee oe ‘hare de ence" Ter Ur de exempta fete rota ener © fore ‘pala apes Hack tin ata St de proton Ton! fave prion (bow fry ence se shag nn een oe eat dn cl ‘cele fa ein enefis‘corespunstore friar coulomblene tapulave ere ‘et eels dct’ cispunstnre tor niece oe Un gxempu interesant de conseevare a sacl poate fl unmsterle sium fe xe pesece cind un lectron Goriné <) yun penton Goreng #2) ioe slug natin apeoporen celia, Cele Bout panels pot pur Stumpy eh eipar, prin tranelormares Tati ler ae Oe ‘Fspals in enone, conor bisecunaoetas flag Bam acest prove de tele «fot dscrie in paragrafl 8-3: Tcrglo 2 reiseye 2 foro "dor font gamma), care sige be seca deci din sensu puse, de acaast nals ca radu XC Serena Total este zoo allt, Taina et dupa prove, eect sarcina te conserva. Masa de Pepa ‘dap consetva Lng trangiornaté complet in seraie™| Ural exempli'de conservare » serial poate flue din deainegra- ea tudo, pont eae ete tigi uur pote Us omth He eos) Nuceul radical spiritet, U, contine 92 de proton (ac, 2 mara ai atomie Zo, El s6 dengdegrensa sponta emtind © part= ee aie: 29 tec im lous Defy cu 2200. Aste satsing pros {a thate Je drinegrate (2s) esl acon co Soa de Cap nlm exemplu do conserve @ sarin ete lust din resctile nuclear, penteu cate bombarcarea "Cy cd proton, acelerai in ielotos fie ore tipiel, Ino late, aun poste pil nels MCatp = Sen Suma nuimerlor atone Insite Uo reall (2041) ate exact ogalt ‘gu toma umertor stomice de dupt reucle (+0) Din ny saréna Tntrebari 2. ae dn dowd tre se aia id Dy oe tsteh egret man «Spent? ty sen SE ite car frg nod net depen aon mitt fn ce fet mtoas dumeaeears ee [et ean nora ap fee, He sa wear Gerd Sa Stns al enc? SoBe tire te nett Serena ae dete ctr, dt a Sain 21 Gent st yo in aS BRA NH 8 oor eam ee eee td aa fe treat nase?) Un btn de Bio earent pe” sear ‘ict eageata ten cnc” om Probleme 2. Fax de prot irae Uuslptenents Ce arnt toto sept pi a wien : ibs Se ae Sabai ‘imine oe 7 be - gon 6 le pneu aio cane ree tomerbap gnae ees tg 8 pate ne Fiala Sate apres = (St) Soest Stet CSAOASENAES vale une kb ean supta un slp int Forte Sea rnp ek 0 seeing “Gee olalt a seca ca pate (th buck tra coed sean ‘et datre Q's 9 (Pn ne Sia se dian true ot se int 63 potn pet. tr Steet “repute acon ‘Stpen cies she eaten pees Sieefa bar retainer ‘is antes ce ‘ele pum as @ ene foo arcnh @ tui pitt fy do pint 9 0. Care eee 18 le egtara see Os pene BERL pate pe o data ak fie aed etn pan ea Sli co emt Cnitrnt Ge tm) Cae te Siete sl fe tare sh po te Sate ain at Fan "Melt pam eprxtmatee 1s it secon! ar rb ne erat ts monet de bale Cited Jo 020" CF) Ge poet storia S36" om Coa Simnesvostan (mutes atic 2 ‘Spratt se ete ion eee eae (St eat uestf Sece Shs Sens ore 2Capitolul 27 Cimpul electric 27-4 Chapa electie Pleegui pune dla spatial gin jurul Pamatulu te puter ascia un vest gal ions cng areotatonal (ver es, 16-12) Acct ‘ie accleratia gravleionalé care va actions asupra una corp e probs lsat in wrt punet st lst spol Uber Doct esta asa corp, tar Fete fore graviteionslé ce etioneasd atupra , 9 este dat 2 3 ey Acosta este un exemplu de cimp vectorial. Pesteu punctate shuste ts Goropleren supra Puintly cimpul ete eens conser! ca form adc g's sels penta toate punta ‘Cargeea epi inte-aa sft este un alt exemplu de cmp veetrsh ae rit cing de curgere (oss pargrafel 1d-TyFushrot puns in ap ste asciatd_o myeime veewrilé,sitza ¥ eu care apa cwge Li eel Funct Dac giv au se molifich in timp, empurile coreopuneteare se Iumeae sajsnore, ste de notat cf in ciel Tila, chiar oach a se eplaseas, yctorul ¥ din oriete punt nu variant cu timp In cazul ‘orga ona, ‘Spl in fara uu cop icivest ete afta de presents corp noi veri de existent, ume cin electric acest spat halo, ‘Yorkin do existent unl lap magnetic (0 spatial din jul Usui cory ‘magnetic a tora laiet a electcormagnetismulit clue eectice 4 raguetice sit otunl fundamental Py pikes tak Poa fort oe ine dou priate et” ste era eomiderds c.Intere fie obrets gf inumtase late alo set parce, Aces xine ta ‘ii ea valasla 8 penta cae ft Frielor magnetic. fn presen, Sencephia newt degre ‘apa Sie au rms Screg dt figs 2 prode Teper ia Envinp eects act cmp ste Sips Ere gen pt dee ley mat covet mee Gimp acioneass aspen seccn Bessie ee add 8 aris, forta F asugr Ig. mo 2 fot Fare “cimpar” jae ok de ioe telat leis forte cnt Src, Exes, douk geohame. separate (@) cata cmpuroe produse ge cnt date de tren 9 @) coca {21 fareor pe eare‘cinpurt date le exer qsuprasorcnor plas In cle lnapned oases ene salad = ci Alerts do oo 2 concept aun la distant Sircnt = ec In igure 27-1 se pute inagins de atemencs oh stcina gy dk natere Usui elmp ql ef acest imp actonesedasupra Iii gy produced fora —F Supra sa Siustla ese complet simatseh, ecare sarcing fad tats Jnton cmp asl ealdete tri. aed singusa problemi din eletomagnetiom a ff aceoa a Sinn inte sarcnt sfofionare, sole Wout puncte de Yodare: cea 2 cimpulal gt fe aciuall In stant sr ft perfect echivalonts, Sb prespsnem tug 2 sarcing dn fig 27-1 este eesersth Dre spre dreapla Cit de {epate simte sreing Ge deplesares satin: @y 8 ch forty ee acloneaoh ‘Supra sa gy) tebuie sh teem eri eectomagneted Sra chair fina gy site deplstrea srcnilqdatrit unet perturbt a cpl, perturbae ce parnoje de 10 dy propagiedu-se eu Wteza Tumini I fence au iets nar citrate ee in concordant cu experienta, Flectronit acceleratl in antena unui emi- itor radio lnluesjane eltrons ainteo abtent recaploere depiratt ‘Ruma dupt Un timp tle unde Leste diana inte ante, Sar © ead s27-2 ntestotea input lectic E Pentru a detin| operational cimptl electric lati o mich proba of post sareins gp (Bert comoditate © prosepunern pot) kt pusctal in spalia pe care wrom si-l examin misurim forta lected F (deed hia ce"nevonesad ase sere probe Intensctea cpa acre B in ace pet os deta ct e2 ery Ae B ete vector deoee gt F ete, nd sear, Dita tt ete cess ali Fee nian cave tnd se dplsee 0 arch Pst {Efe repaot snl in pancho P ‘atte tet empl vinionn je fare anne ane va a te ena mas (ea ant me goes oa the eH), ele ence in ab 23 tad ye wn 58 # nm, wd mote man sexi me ‘Acta ete un mp ecient ssh, Ce ace enue 8 athe F pera cat cra own for extn? ‘Abin eon 8 Wie lerin 9 macok de pI tate pox Ge ‘Gna alii che tines pe ce Inara 0 sui, Hew 23 Sea te fet ee TAcaalt dane = ut Eat oth cole sect copa sce emit sar net In rath in cen ietier experi. fe asd (oe excel ote lett vor prsgran 221. sowie yu i ean apr Fy Scie ep rents mga actre ojune deep ee venom fn 0 de ihn Farnily, cre a Sudeattnttdcnune flosind ig & teed de cmp, ie Eee ee are TSR FSSTaR oy hat cy fen vow rege ‘SfiRES ne, nite de cmp Gmina) # vectra single tte Si tS ‘s 1 Tungst aw tee cnp vee pst aocia tBu SLES de din stated smal de pani tats de pet tenets se prema ta ene se, coma oor cs omen cas Siuha'b one Wate eon alee pu ot dpe wrench cntny de Hutter tc ful aera ie mums pags See tee ae Se mat gee sees ipa 2 dot wane led ong sripantire ue nf 2 aa a Hale 2 nt SEHNS pla Se Sun eal eens MCI ec Fa ate ae i ee Si ita ears de can in a i ona Seaeeplac acts Lat cata’ Sante @ anak er ee od halt at i act eB ny pa eo Se se fl al be fiat eafatne tae Inge CF on est mii pnts tps noes 2 dni i nt ees ote select oe csea ities Sette TR banc eee ee dees 2 cd et Bo eek ee ee rag a ee i comma te ee Ce et ae SIRES See tl elt te Ste Fae ee ena a ieee ‘tral sferei ineireate. " at ae ee ee 5 i to 2(©) se adunk vectra) acsteclmpurl ctclate sepurat penis 9 gist tmpul reaultnt Ein seest pact, Sou, st form de eeusie BABE tt BBs 01.2.3, cd Sug ee und eclipse st srl Da Sect ete nena, epal profuse ae pon? pas timp sues fo temas lal i Sot cipal aE pes de fsa cnet tn punt Unt ee eat leet cementless pucorme. Mires i ab eH sony oe ee at en) ene et tania de aeons te ate x pel P ip west aelh $ Sao gE porami(oeh Iiiat) SEREITE, 2 iter Side fe ren sa Boho enn ovegraea, ea sl sumaten din eculia 27-5, ete operate vocal tn ears Go veden Cam se poate comabieo asia de osgrals Inte-un simp ee Sat me ones tanta tin tnt © ae SPIRES atl tat ce aie sets Imagnen tr te fort ore estore ete ccs ln fin 3-2. Care ae estates dimou, pat SPENT Rta in puncte dean rb at erodes ou a oe ‘Noms dtp rena ee donk sar? Preupunsn 7 = © dea 24? per owe 24 tance 3 TgDe Saleh wt ee ms reins at pe ‘ack 750, putes Beja pes Ie mar atc, eats celal seeds Ia eeu | asa pn nit tr es ee: ie TS Tn ese Sipe mae Son SR a aa at "aap une te a SSIES ne Gita 4 eta pnt pace Sei eta axel ite Pane 9) ‘hts na a sumac fr 2 pods Sel Tn rl geal ee {Ea pnce atta F avin cu 7e2'U slg ew eeu zene Doh in figura 7 te forma an doe ari aaa de nto se hei tt ne me or et BOS an rab ca a's cron sh sy fccma ae he 2h fost Seil e mneoe Sak ot tk Rsawid ie tance ge" ins serie ob sofan” Gncducnd expres Bu In acest cee annem ‘iain Sn or ugha Rena ioe 2H Woot fe has ited, aban deve #8 .. nafoe dda tore ‘Brij cad Fvtey 8 m/e Aewts oune Insets eer Ge atin 1 npn wpa He tbe (dv ot vate a dp apne ecw mn nc diet Bone enh Seer eer cere eas eee uiecearrsee ore PRESEN Poses RE 27-5 O sercind punctorm’ int-un cing secre Un cp eacrc exert anupra une pacticle lacreste o fori dat ae (en 2) Fbe Aces fe va produce o seeleratie Zim lund m ose masa particle. Vor considera dows exemple de ecserae wah fardete icireate' aucun zap lessen: Un asl Se fie pie Biol nado Svea" det lta paral, 2 imonsunle plc, cimpul aine-eh va e-sulcent de niforn 8 excepia perfor dg ip agin De aoat ef a cleat sniseii Se Fgwe 313% fom! & Un aces cae at ey a ei partite tnttun cup prods de seein exteroare, cmp de parila al adie’ cmpalpropish ese aoatin, Be aa Gras grevtlional pmintve au fre niet g acicne apes Ie ee st nal ota sa ei fo at pnt act Sn sig ect ween Gg 2-0 alle ta Dc ae ele cutie iit perm acre (be 9.3). 8 yee sin Feta otc std 8 detace pe © et vse chan see naa ee $aQ2)-o scl de econ Fi Ws eaten de eh mt EIB center eegune de cing sete unarw Fee ote enon a hp elec urs #1) bea i .gts inne a Poe nd pe xe ine 7 . sons cose (etn en fe ear nec nett Wer Setrve sg pre, sh fen ae anc ins, ee eu cate er arian deste ~ ee SS ei Pc eon ces pres SESS SEP hate cinch de 200 7 e320", vase er Tl 41 8 1- ovieren misirat pe eran Suscecent 9 ma pe pike de detente v2 8 mutt ial catirnte de sine fo [asst puncte zero aft pstain oe ee coe Se mine Up decir ara 1 (me r cca iar vec te pce Tanga tal intervie oft Go tka, Cota SPS am ai emt GREE ctaltew onte 9 eho Se bt essa 3 Un moment electric dipolar poste fk pelt ex us vector B a ete spire’ py Pent un diol on cal descr n exemplut 9, ete produc Fag dine rarsen Heckel earls distiys 2a einee stein. Sesul tuirp penira un astet de diol este te sarcng negative spre cea poz tive! Rature vectorals mementulll eeeete dpoier ne Oermite dup cum vom vedee, sh caleulim Intro formé consist multe din expresile in are tevin ipl elect ‘h , S in figura 21-18 este preeentat un dipol electric format prin dispu- eran a-00uE surcint hana iso distanié fia 29 upa de alte Siste= mul este plas intrun cimp elec exterior uniform Btn care momen tal dipolar foce unghiut @ ce clmpul. Dupé cum este arta, ssupea sare scones out fraggle ot de seria pun F 9! Fund Fora net este evident egal nro, dar ext un euplu ater de eco Ijin une sxe oe trace pin (wee. 13) dat da M=2P(asino)—20Fsin@ Combining azeste douk ool amiotindunne c& p=42e) (), ebtinem M=309Bsind=pEsino, _ eo) Aste, un dipol electric pnt Inte-un cimp eciie exterior B ate suc ‘fs wha caplu ce nde Mehalnere eu itecie copoly, Eeuste 27°10 Doate lt sensi sds rnd vectorial aadKE, ‘ecto tng estat fn figura 27-15 ‘Pentru modiicies orenrt un dlpol elec atu inesna cin exterior treble eectat Un Iuera mecante (gnu sn toga) de lies Ais agent exeion Aesstluera macane ext iamogainat ford de ery Fiowe 2 6 Us et tie (rep intr sore 60 Bes aa ind BOEcnengie potential U insist format din pols) eposive ait pslnt¢ prado empl exterior Dac ain gure 27-Iba are vsiares ‘Bjuit ‘oe luera teanie necesae penta e rot axa dipaulus Une ‘ul 8 Cabtne din ver tabele 12) wafer fav nde Mf cate cuplulexeritat de apentul eae efetueaod Iver mecenie ‘Covbinina seat ecaie eevalia 2710 obinem cwloep i, ecdrece ne jateressed nual varia ale eneeplet potas, putem sung. paniarlentaren do relerala Sy orice Vabare eanvenabily Tn etc 0, Rost db Un pees era) 2 ub forms vectra wpe ers) namotl On dip ceric le aati dauk at aur apt de treme idx" €, nda 220 cm Dipl test Iris Slee 10 He opel muni ss sate pte Owe TID Meptsin ata Ga11830~0 90m Op.NIE HY (9 Gye trl ecient pt es ei hh pe Sine nerda pings @ pale 0 9 8a ince eae Wo yr topo {cn BOE De® aIO.0-40 p.m 9.0 NIE 4B Intrebae 1. Wart cnpure salem sie ch Pls ete fn tele pe ete ene Sar eater a % 6) Comsidind struct ervta~ aie poss de ed rel Soo alt enrePapint wee ty or Gare Pant Fa vat) wali essen nt mare Sey Sel ‘nde sven cam pues prose seta ene 2 Pets ange sarin in paren 2 Hae ei tee © ‘nd se eloeieInt-an ein Infinit ‘i tot ene stil er te ot fee acs) ns tnen Probleme 4. Dost tbe de tre cme sx a ce ae Ie tare pei fut op ‘he oer te aor onde esse eer a mate ae Soca neh meets er dn pu ke Paar SSRs ieetot os Bae Srinnie 2. a) Desens atta ts Ge ‘et di pet, co ‘em ch ier’ lo Ge tt [ube tina de Sarcind are aay aEAS oe Ble Ste prm ag? oe Shset Set ois cm ae HAMS fann “sical Shalt cee (maine. ie gee oie 2 ie 219. pp Bee Fines sont pentru att vaere Seale ty pe ene nee a Flay to E pote dict F ete fn baste ge fais gt siete nats weer wite ait cae ete arct # mite oie witeiese (ate i tuna 9 em to db Seek Se opal ete Sete seta py ce fone aera ee Coney uh at Is Sante cv aS 1) ae te tno ina at sin pura P14 int postive (2) Arata bd rb ete ate 1 Indeatponcta punta) She era ra ota so) Dana Sa a ae et 1 Dake ome Si eaten Gee tig + cout ee Sicuceme dou puncte at ne tein) in care EHO? Dack oy a ce con £0 We abe kolatere de (atu ntcan pnd Patt Se ana tan at ue te 2) ei Bede rede nda cour walt En So Silt a Prat inv esata. Aeme cusripat seine. Pee fa fat al tn con lee Shae i ion ae nig 9 ot see monn se ie ke Se = y: cont se ree aie AE sn gp os peace nest Seo pn Pt ee ‘So'din cxempa 5b) Git compe M Sonpasiee ew exut echal Sage e ie siete, nessa tai are, nde = gy ait cxrdcaie ut inc ig 0-2 Arto ob acest re Seen a an hon sor het ‘rvon, pat in ‘Smad apes pecoatt ( care ‘Socssch oma crovttinall? SS OC et ty Shove ef aig eas Pare Tn lee ce se dep co 30 Se et Sinmte at a fon in rea (ee sean? (care wu f tert ioe eg 6 cn ‘weuna dite plc? () Dick ay Dla iran cn nant te Desa" epee ne tive gale, unde = eee alstnts de a se ayat sie igs san th ‘Esperia oo pltturte de Sn tig 2-20 0 eve mins Sie Nie) Core te cnn po ‘Mist pene ‘poateire siete cu ant oe hints to pu oa fase ‘aaa fete 090) al Mt Ain ce in rdie de 50 Nei tn Pratchacus sub? Bal os Efe atnva tut aoa ine wei 8 pbebe Capitolul 28 Teorema lui Gauss ‘28-1 Flan cmp oboe ‘Fruut (otat ) ae 0 proprette a oneal imp vestora ol <2 (9 pe 0 suprafat jotta in simp, supeatls oe poate f inchish en dee= hua Fluwal (6) al Unit cimp de cargeve se misoorh pin aursiral do inde trot op intersect ose de sera th enal cmp ‘cts, flowul (Be) se msoard pin Aumtral de lini do mp 60 nto ‘eteas o sto de supra Ts ess surafeelorInchice vom vedes ch e ese pity dct tne ‘fri snk deplore punch spre exterior sf nepal Sach int Sndrptate sore intr. Tn figura 20°1 cnt aritate dou trent epbe de sama opus 9 lite de cinp eorepunaitare, Cuele Sy Sy 3) 43186 ant Intersect eu plane gurl a pair supratee Inchise ipote= fe‘ Contorm color spise mal fala, Ge cle peativ penis suprafsla Sri nojatv pentru‘. Ne Iotreensd (lytal empl electri seonroe ‘eorema lus Gauss, una ain ele patra eeu fondaratle din lect magneton (eri fabela 30-9) axe expeimats to funcie oe tus, Det uses de flax poate plzea palin abeirets I Socaput, stents aida cored asama de valores Ia celvaes problemi. Pentru detinives eoretd qui @p 28 concider figura 26.2 tp cae eto dat o supeaata arbtrrs chit, sluts inten clap eect. Sk Tsp supafata tn palate clementare AS, sfiient de slet entra "putea ff considerate plane. Ua tel do clement de supsfol! poate ft sepreentat printran vector «AS, a eleul micime este supafota 8S; ‘ives 9h sensu IS sint cele le normale exteriare a supra ieeeui patra elements in dues 28-2 8 pulegs sane ected ‘lp eletle corespunzitr # Deoarecepitatele au fot lesa arbirarFig 84. Oo vn eed fe mic poe 9 esi cnstun, i tte pnt itr ‘ect Fy Al ce carceia Scare ptt fc itr unc 9 1a figura 25-3 ext, dath tmaginen maria a cel teed piste de pe Seedta din gua 262 4 sale Z,¥ ge De obrtal cd oa Sor beara ge 800% poi a echo Ose since xa te pata ey arene neh eb Heer slag scare 2 fot Fock sri 4 paste ataga EAS, Contrib Ia fro puncte =, Sie Sguee 204, pencil y ete bro ft © as 2 te alts. Astll, dacs pent tote puncte Beste Inept spre exterior, ‘cor, B-AS va pol iar Oy va, poi pentru intragy spralaa ‘ea igre 2-2, sypraata 5}, Dash B ete in ate prance, adrpia sore Interior, 0°90, B.S va fl negativ far @ cerepunatar supra va “ 4 negatvs sexi iqura 20-1, eupafala 5, Din ecusin 26% 42 vedo ek Unlie St pentru bp sin Nm Dini sane a Hulu eee se gece recind Jo nit fr cn doin lai" (2-1. marca pe peste thle tel Fn otgral de sopetaiyobtinam an § Be ey cast integrald de supraet ined ok suprafata considers tebuig ips tn element ifinit mi de ariel i ck mirinag slerd Bd?Figure 284 en 10 apa eine inn ing union Z gamle trebue evelintt pont fecave element in parte lar poise va faze sume fea penta intro supra. Geel de pe eral Ineprale indie e& suplitata de integra este o oxpenats tnt : ‘Ra Pun cdc “pte te RF de vk nko nan Sa naptteoet Ploa post ss ea sna tl intent: steels pe a) bee ao otha fab 2 af. enna nen Pa pt fe ade Se) at aa bse Si raf Berta as Ges 08 [Bat+es, alc engin @ ete sro peu tee pata, $n eeu, penta pc ee Bin tt Be San Sa (GS oie er ar ek es » 128-2 Toone ous ‘eorema lui Gaus, cate 0 spllchorlite supafee ‘potty, chs (qumith"ruprfetd gatstana)eiprind Togiara nts. fel Of prin ‘ipratatd gl sxenn tatld di fteriorl pestle e6@ena eo) aGFa—a eo) "iG ep el el ou tere ca et ks et Sidi Bee eae tae geg SESE on ant ee well ll Sass ayaa te Grou TAs Sea aa ge cera ot eb ke SSRs ane ee eatin aes UL ESRAE Great ica ae spi bg a can dno ‘Spa lt pity ie dup cum reels h oe 20-4,%n ror supra SAPs atresia tne ae etd aaepeeamitsrtirt presen re estar She se eas a Sa ee a de a ELS Sonam sere ae ee org al gerne pon SHES BEA aa rec See Ses on oe oe ae 28-3 Teoreme ai Gauss # lege li Cotlom®s gar Int Coulomb poate ff daduss din teren il Gauss gf din eo dente de simetie.Pontu aeesta aplicio "corm lat Gauss nel Steen punetifrme late g (wea fig. 29-0, Dea tare ful Gauss cots Yalabidpenteu orice fel Je suprafsa, peatru sinpltaie vem aege © ‘uprataasferies de rec rea eantul tn punetal In cue seal stein. ‘Avail sbgert scat! Supraete este ch, in conideronte e siete, E tebe sf fe normal pe eal tebuie af ab aceensi mirime (ned ne ‘uncseua) pent toate punctle do pe suprafa © sFir 244 © spre Gown sod oe {In figura 28-4, & si 8 sint indeeptate radial spre extsrior in orice une dee supeaja aussant, Unghiul tre ele ind Zero, mdse EvdS devine B-dS, Asti, teorems lui Gaus (e201) 30 rede In af Ean § Fes—4 Decarsce E ere constant panteu tate puncele de pe ster, poate fi cor Go sub integrals s Bhasea, ‘end inogesla este chi ars feel Aces este eee) —4 Fa as) evita 265 db mibines ites cimpu electric Bin aie past ip. 9 sn peer ft, Dwi sea a Sm Sipumgm ot us sarsnd puncllrm qy fn pune Ia care am cal- ‘ula pe H,alirimes forat ep aeioneat supra ef (vent e@ 27-2) este Fab Combinind eu eeuatia 2-8 obtinem ‘ace ese hla lege Int Colon, Af am dads legen Ink Cattomd ieSttoa i Gee ia comer iret “Hera ol Cait ste ng da eevtlefoncamental ale tere atone ake dau Th labels S09 uss "Ss ene 2 ‘Maxwell. Lagos toi Coulomb ou site tocuth a sceasd tabels dearee, Supt cum Tocmal ath etalt, es poste fdedusd cin torema ha Cause i.e consderatit simple asupee siti tut E prods de o arcing fe ccet ptct Cowt de paper a Cs Stet sta fcr ee ih Gos pes Sate 28-4 Un conductor it ero al Gr pone fn pnt pee ue, eumene Important gum ar Canrend supimentrd peal pe un ceucior o latas stribute 9 tnteoime pe Supra tut ExteviearaAceasth pote! hos veritas experimental (en! parsraty 9-8) Tnaitee ena Heth Gout t's ene ia Gate nested devote ‘are st bazeaodsmbele lei. Am ardiat anterior cd experienlse cu bala ‘8 urstune a ul Coulomb, ea toate sat dveie Wt convingitonre, ne Permit micurator precise Arutad el iptcse al sg onus neal Urn ieorema lu Gals; am eversat pur i snp fap ites ‘pis 29 eH tect pintean cnc ot, fom abla, Sncireat eu sarcna gins Iierupts tng suprise see iil Ie mt and supe atric Dek ‘ste Important she reat dey de alti inerorl conductor “cind'o tarcndsuplimentar) eit psd pe un conduc alt fae ‘weap ponct creeara, ea Ya da asfore nu Gap sce in interior ‘Sindoderuut Act elmo va acne ssupra puriteri de sain it ‘Seduetor producind” aupluare Ln, died Silt nslore nor curentt intra "Ace ene Siren "radistabute sarina suplioentar, Sel inc empl eet intern va sel Sutomat in tntensate. Daet elm electie fin” Interiors! conductorful devine aer5 pe t caren nesta automat pre ‘oigd conde clectestatce, Ace re Stribulre a sarin are low tn od nor= smal intraun interval de tp. egiabit ta ‘majrtaten canurlor, Ce puta spine dev {pe aistbutis do sarcing suplimentar ind Sint ndeplinite condita sicrontis? ‘och le echiltrueletrontatic est zero paste ote interior conductrals 9] te gum 263, Uy concer Biles ie oro 1 In once punct de pe so. thbrafla guns. Acrssta iesamod cy Shuma Ye tebuie of fie eco vice car acne to dn itertral saps gece tsb a fEe'sero. Duck sareine cupltmentars. qa alé in interior acest ‘upefefe, ean poste ft Gel tn exterior ey sich tebe 35 2e Stic pe Supra exterloard a tondictoruu 28:5 Voiiicoea exprinontals« toromei Ii Gauss fet legi kl Coulomb ene geiy wes sist ea nat pt ep ogg paar tars aba oe eee S Een ices ar Soe Ean ate Lait aaa Fone mAlieog wine ses ete Se pare of Berfamin Fran font pina ao obeavat hn intro une el estnne Sellen poe xi tarah Ts 6 0 tl pol am lntedus in cindy 9 leh de pth so diatial de aproximat Pine, cupedat Sean foe tan ce lta aie nl war ‘pee cere de coal ced sfpnm ‘lta de entero yes a3 fest ata de ora Su Sten sta tana vany ota ss asa ot Sp ther ome es, Brabant a son a tenfe prem Jeg Petey (i001 mona 20 rte fonts expen it Coons) Preys arifet srr eh anaes inte foment us porn eae tence ‘ha fae varios propor! pin dat st tg Sees it in nth Sut cht ma od oe Phas. rnin fin shale ce vai neat ole uy ene rest 9 ot Sit ae rh etre erent ce arpa supe ante di ttre ems pew a at th te see arm cece ie hin ce Fit pr atc dite ts er Sicha! ouiey 2 oct exprole psy 4 done ob stson ‘uplinetrs 20 dutcele pe sorte eat soca, ae ieoomar ie acpi rh os es alte'apaate pentru funeren in went a coal cleric au rei #h ‘Shar feta mich taunt weaps lr tone tt ao tp soi ws pee te i nar 9 ne rie mat ance enry Cavendish (7811010 » efctuat experenta din figura 29-6 ino vetune mbunbid, Cu otssentsie de cae Suen, Coven sls a emonstrat experimental ef puterea Tul ria lageg ert cle lprins, cu © mare probit, he 2.02) 198. 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Gelger © Marsden’, a presipur exsienta musi Insta, Renata in empleo 3 au ume wor tporta Im analiza feud de Rutherford ceipen actor experts Bape ctu de ets cet a get Il Ruther fubkire dint element grew de exempla alr: St nu uns, undead fe pariule a devisie sb elite unghiurt 9, in figura 14 ese se ‘Sal chomatle expertenta, Io igure 2014 sft date percarsunil Spee ls pariculelor a inpagiae de stom de au, ungunlsy subs See deviate purcuieie avril inte O gf 140" upd ci clocalte Sat tangent sa ylonsta™ Neg 313, een tert ly @ nme lecteoitatomllor cloclt de site parculs a incdenté find foarte jor, eproape elu llluenued migeren pertinent ‘cot! sitt utente devs oa cum ar ium rl de inecte de eltre pata sruncd pin ct Devierea purdaulelr true a tip produ ‘giacianeasepuliva 4 sarc poskve din somal de tur car se foe 1S abate at piece partes fea mal seats din mas ‘tomutat Th peviode cind au, fst stoi se experi goin aga mit yen fe eo sees modal a) ‘Popul model” props, de fame Seah i sent mau oes! exe” ul 5 ee presupnes ct sar- ‘ios pores 2 stmclot ete Scie trun volurt fered Seveamiuers el electro “lear th fur unr cea tee fixe dn intriocul ones) ere : ‘Rutherford a ardtat ck Fw 2214 Devin 9 ‘cst "model stomis mete nde Je row cocnl mown Ate Sn consonant tu experene "Sete Aneten, "iene 1tele de impedtere a pariulelor @ 9-2 propus model aueteor a ato ojala thccpta st aa In’ acest mde sarcina seer one, Fe an sr at ich Zee amet 1 te RUM chan ural sctstus gore capa un volts apex Fly slee de aed aproximatiy 10- m. Acasa ssl conde 9 Tai Nothctend si a Bis fell stomice 9 ruclesce moderne, opt ef In expurenele Ge mpage a particnleler uncle par tiale” a ertu deviate ca ungaiay foorte mar, pind I> 150 a airs {eeiatslenia lu foherford. Peatra coment; 4p stinitobipui = Bitciel te tment! modsital ycornae eu safes esta em tn rem EPG el surpasito, Depa Gpusele ha Hutwrford: ro cl mat de ‘at eventetnt lo sg anos, era eprape In fe ince ca Sin cute oo ea re tl ft Se Hii eee ene pra © fle ocvait oi de puters webu oa PEED RES Setlune In care intestate. impli loetic he eee eS aeshat se sents cay mouell Mnomeon, anteniaten Read's cimpatl cect ene 1°20 NAG. 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Soin cm stat ens (Bs ar she ree ae ee tect © pact relat ona o ors sau eh @) #8 lett 6vs smh gers Re weak ce oo phere eS ea tae SoLEeneare iprrantans g See Serennhe ele me mt cna © ste SERS Ean te Ee sci i 6 Rot Fe Cl ein sere fans fel a sual tk funtten uate Se cn ace ee is ets oh te fey evra ti te hl eA tae oe, (run : See "Bs se ‘Ste te supe satel wer (Sw anasto? Actin Seen ive fr ies ares ee est ren eet Wom ta a tt Rew owe gow 29, 2. Doak fae omondacna, de stot yen ce Siete al SET Se ont oe e teate fo pe ol kr td Sitch “Ge pe hipaa ee ae ne denis de surat Seno! Sie tenes {tre ie is erp ria Stata date ce ote Shc it ye snr or Suen Beoeears tote a spit Ca'taca oe Bey bol tose Srl de maa" ci De le Sinan tsb sancti stra ea aone fe piel ota Wye ae ened >? eh strc mesure dete esas geri fC. Woresnatpe B tance aes ‘e's enya vn Hc cog 3am opin pg etc ere ibe te rat ge 2 iat soe Tip ate sci 8 pe wt tiie Sal maa th Serna “eit fore vaind oe r-t gro om oepaie Se we pen aoe etna aug Wie dre a ge citar pour fil ale te see a (ina npine Fondo to. Ganeg aah oa te Fgwe 2628 cori ttl" we eagato Sel Sl cdc Se Sion ie uma {eon de tri tre cen Sica tee eco tah fa 2.0 fot sbtie mech ote et do ah, puesh och fo mote tae se de uk Onset ce pet ain Foe ‘fea cnoan tenet er ct i ante eta ere Sree era 8 etre la pean ph be pete aston f pot © ardah 4a ie oa te att Sy uf de Se neti ston ath th eat Sec” cine i aie sas Ser oc once ree rent utr cndutnre ae Ine isan gaia cu ruse meal (62 me ura ce Care ene Sidon sth Sent pont aparece 240 20 oe sr te sets pa Irie man i net roe Eo ce ‘expatt de nucle 4} Chet ale sitet faaCapitotul 29 Potentialul electric 29.) Penis letie - CCmpul elec din furl unct veiele toedrete post deers au rural cu aluiora (vectra) Intnsts clmpalu electic B et gl oo ‘utorul unel aro sealer, penile elecric V. Atete mafcn ent foarte eras legate # adeseafoeten una saa ills into problems nl este doar chaste de comodiate. Pentru a Bat diforena de potential eecre inte dows puncte Asi B situate fate-un ip eects, daplarim o shel de proba gy dels A la, Ulnd-o maereu in ecru, si macurtm lige ecanie Wx ce ebuie ecto de Slee agetal ce ueplices sipcina,E¥ferexa Ge potential ‘lest ste efit in “ural mocanie Was pate f() pasty, (b) negtivs0u (2) zero. facet suri, potential elect Sa puncts) ® ite fy tons mate, (@) tal mae 1 () aple polerill lect din paneta A ‘tn amitati St, lfrenta se ptental ce Feats dln ecuaia 204 est sn Je. Datos ari i ols, sn ale 0 Site spell voll, care ey 1 volt=1 jul/t eoulant va ge Se a ce ea ee ‘newdata be Sap etodeScivlente tat re cela di Dame n In mod obiovl, puncut A este aes Ia dstanté mare fy Intni de toate celle sarin i poteniaal leeste © he seas edstanis Init ene tut ariear egal cura Ages ne perme a ‘detnim potent cece tat-un ancl. Pudind Voed ec aah ‘ling deo parte (nd) oun we eon one W ete pa mets fe agent exes tbe ht le {eae pete a deplsa srcina de prot ge Seip infin! fn ose dah. ‘Heil va rb st ft mares ih mine eh ve eget cs fs aiorng a ote led in wot 22a ales ola al oe ‘eo poienfail Va tn porn de seers (aft acest See Oe eterna #1 put aes tot at de ine egal cu sie ltd valores fleem 300 Stila, putea alege en pase de veered wie alt ct tn mule poblene lege do cca ev prea de ser ‘sind Jo mings bresupunerescupra poet de relerith dit ease Win 2-2 60 vide ed Veste posl ig sedis tee carta ae Feat dasarece Lier mesatic ce Urbis stectuct de agental Rte ‘Beste sade o sareing de arobs (psi) de ty halls ete mete imi, tenis In vecndtten nd sarin negative elle ease Lv grote a agent exeriortrbule sh exert 8 fa de tose ae, luvbule oh execute ur Inera acai tegatsy sera wl surat Se ped posi) ce este asd da ip flit Potala electri dein te Roa Ai 26-2 ae Senor deoweece Wl ent ser “Att Was citi Ve-V dio ecalia 20-1 Ht intependentede drumtl rat do satina ‘Se 2 deplsal de a A la B. Dad nar aa, Pe {I'D ou area un potankl electric uric aid dp puncal cates Pet refrini) fr neiunes de poten ar aves valoare Lease ‘Se poate arta simpli foloind zt) peti! in figura 20 dle: sonele de botengal st independeote te drum To igur este dst coal {i care ole doul puncte gi B se eese in eiopll prods Ue suscon stored pentru simplite, cele dout puncte sot aie tr unpal Soe reo rane. Desi demontaji nosed we aplcd numa ace ee ‘spec, cu Tsiceass pina genera ”‘atogom punc 4 dig figura 29-1 ca pune de rferin presup neo tah a re ot ytd cues a no se din A Si corer doun sruptrl drumul T etal a et deze A a B 4 oI, un rn couplet biter Big Sass Sects Sige alo dpe drama al cea inde fora SESS EROS SASHES eat ar ors deena poate ft apeoximat printro nie frint format& dn, ele: oop Prada, Beosrate scat cleptonts pot fi aie wbitear de swat 27 fat diol lente poate eat arbitra de apropiat RGGI AE fe gal drut 1, genta verior efecuars un Ince sear aaa tn Tung segmentelor rae deoarece In Ish arc ede exe fra F depaarea al slot perpenlelae una pe ssa ‘Guna lucrurior mcaniceefectunte pe segmentsle S405 Sal Ste egal cu Tugyl cent fec- twat ee dum faite, Deorese dram este aise, am demon: rie Og Teal mecnle ete seal pent ove drum inte A 9B. Dash Sea male. eo vali nual peat carl special in HES SING de otenat ee independent de eum pecs a eae ce pce in orice cp eletontai, Tn pragratul 8-2 Pee iat Tadgpendenta de acum pera cas gerade orf conte sate itt eecrsttien sink conservative ex cole ratationle i ot eh punctelor coves eel ptenbl lcs sc ume ope Rigen, Pentru derives cmpulteeczi in = sai ssierune ea pe flo le te re esi 2 Pat cncspunaing opel ale valor) patna tei, ate eH Say ne de fri eects gf foto 2 ee eeu (oes: de exerpl fg, 2913) vom analiza Ld Ha SS ZOE Tate sceste oak vodurl de a Jeeie cipal electric 1 tecene esac pent 2 depasn 0 sarcind Ge prob totes on ee eit Ty upralgs ehipotnfal este ml, Aceasts ‘esac ecutia 29. vv eoaroce Wan tebe sh fle eft ob 2aro dach VanVo. Aosta, date ecaete Te ig drum a aferenfel le poten, chiar dock drumul ce arene a a B nu ete sus! In Irie pe o supra eee potent ig 0-2 ese dats fame arbitard de suprafele eshipaens tua Lesa moran nevser pane 0 deplasa.o sovcins dea Tura Nae eee aie eg eu aero deaarecearbele Gri Ince? #38 peaeet oe aches! supestatlscipotenisl. Lral mecinic neces ea termine ome fag in fungal erumuellr 191 1 este afer, de feu Seat es ctSpontraambeleSeoaroro pen face dur Bt6n- spala cte esa bene drumurie 9H uneseooeeag) Porsche ‘e spratyeeehipotetile Sone ns Sspraile echipsenle ccepunlinre une srt ere ain conlderente de Snetie, «fail Ge sere concert, Pens zal {inal cimp unites ele formeasd 0 famile do plane perpendicilare pe ‘Sip. In tone cule (nclusiv seeste doul exemple) supateele ech fete st oral po ile de or dec pa Eel i. 319, Deck E nua froma a spefataeciplel, ea ‘onponent in col supstt th acs eae ot eal eaters ‘mecanic la deplasarea une! sarcini de prob’ pe aceasta suprafajs. Dar, pclae id @ supa eeiptetiay, Mead mane celal ee cea et rede eeu le nora pe spel. pith cee Siete nee Sor (pital Slane eet cunile 269 16) proper ‘At, pen dik ptt racial, (ompar sto. 24) a Stata; Sty ate pn, homie vee est Copa! er tatont Penna wing wavaon)worm com oe et ea [Bellu ase tote at How eae Aer "cel ‘ittge fe wero HO) hel mera honst pent t een ll Sep timo fateh i fs oly aS n29-2 Potential intestoten impli Pie #5 B dual puncte situate tnte-un cle electric ueitorm de (nten- sate B (lg. 299) produs de ditetbuie de src co au cate sepre- ‘aid tn figiea, panei se glseye fg ditania de punetal Ip ‘Sots veces ntemtateacimpult. Presupunen eho sae’ de frokd pooled qe ene enigetd ae un agent estenor, {ik aerate Sela Rie Btn lung line arepte cr upere cele oul puncte ost election supra srcal este wo! este Indep tn Jot Pen ‘wa dep socina dupa cn nec props irdbule sf Savingem aceasta forjaplicnd © fort extriueh F de acteas rlrsie dar fepta tn fot Lig maciie W execinet Ge agente exterior ee aclloneass oa Ses fer ete w, Introducing fn eels (043) Ringe es) Veiga Mite oy Acad cane alga ce exh nie dees de potential 9 ‘Sette Si gate ug ee spent cinta De buaest A inate SE pens B este vlna, Stent poste vrtin vn ~ “Ym ent Monte eu un Cr NOs pina. sitate pens B presenta Ripmapatat 2c J figare 02, poesia ta puna Sate as Bare ect fo ine A, seat so agen cueror ee’ aoe (herein tere este pony pene GOT dice o erchl derek fit delet la Beigua 9 Spo | ace i poe trae laste, ehnee seca 8 ! {iol plete is a in cmp govitiens) uniform dela supestata ‘Brnintuuy Care este Ingtura dine ‘ge V s1 Bein cazul mat generat fn fre cling ms este unler § Ot he corpul de prob. Se depaseass Jae Aengt unt drum mu, eee In inte aospi, cao figura 29-47 ‘gum 263, 0 seins do phd a i Dupt cu eate ‘atl, impute fam F tee exert fart ao asp sar- tectonic wm get eur Side proba, Penns a tmplesion sonore x ctonsF—Sacelna de pb sb sepee emeare ‘sh aplice © fort’ F care sh tie Setanta sais pe = Be ce See Silda Sarina de prob de a'A ie radu Seubeeh Abeer ‘mentelor infin demic In core moira dram Aves ire Yan Falah a © ast e ietegratspoaed nae Semen Sas an sels Beat Ss Be i ef cna sera of an ilat Feu nag a TSS? Sa eke Rt Way tex 244 tiem Btn Be fea es, ‘ck susan ef puna se este I nt kpoteal Va fe eal zero, acasts ecole dd potenaul Vin pune By su sind lt parte inte By * v—fF a Acssc dow sel permit estetul diferent do potenti dintse gous Dunete oareate iu poesia tm orice pane) dec so canoe En tertele pune gle cpu pact cect oi’ Seng yan a 3 come ae ea Son in Sala dtl "tel ee aeae eta eect dept va etek eb mca sat ee co stro ce Eee a at haa 8d Fu caesar *venerace 1 sept 2 cri de eb coy se eet Fed we "iene nana ate ow fee ae Efe vee fe te Ya Tete te ga cs gems ine 2 MeeVee BO ase tet ow cen sh pets uma ce arg diet A ou Be sezutt se ea ch apie deuce Storer pesos ao 29 Potell produ deo stein punesfonné Jn tas 2-4 a women, dance A watts ane caein poncttrme sate p Poor's neal Iver, pee Spine i Ut ag eatery Sk callie eso pte % Poe 9 wc a AEYEEISSRY J 2 png ho wd to ee accelerate ta la te ek ake * tp tun .e'k ee ae tots arpa ete ee hah Eder oe nave gs eae tee Be de a8 party, decaree pin mlsare ot atanta 0,» sede eaaree o mars fol. deq care wn lint co ogiaes aks dec i al, ee data ‘Subtisind aetasta fn esiia 29-5 cbtnemae itnd cont de reais 27-4 nem en ey Jn punctal Ata taf (aick pnd ra co) sf sletod Vom tn somes poli, ilnem ved wa fn care mu am ma reat indi B , tn ore n aa it che ed upaftte hotete, pet 2 SS ch am aad Sagi RBS2 ice o cate Sha eet ce cen get me SG cana apart ewe oboe "empl Cate cote pene a pata rue da oc bee oe mam aoe 28 A ae ira 2 vb como, en at Fearn Sn issn pant, ae cho Bue lee me Se na pane geile, el esd» peste 29-4 Un gr de srcni pune Petey produ trun pane de un grap de ris) pontine ., Ratenkatl pocaaV determfnat fear, cin Xf we oe arf presente st) insand canta obi, ik eae ms) wep SP 9 unde deere micimes sorcilt gn, larry flnd dstnia de satis ae oe ee emailer. una fleas pentru a eine pe V coe ” © und algebricd nu una vectorial ea cen flosité pentru a eaeula De Bere de wn rp do sri e779) in cath dren oe Ge SO inte a Sts poi ht ee Decuria cricket ditt contin i det rape de Pay sna in eon 26 eu noe co age : @a0) uate da ete un element i 1 at un element deren 3 ini! de sarin, dja dete test semen i pune I cae se eaealccd potas lc, {ar dV"sate potenlal erent nace) puncte sarcina da.” vent mot. Ce at etl So cn Sal in fire 2.1 Pre spine ah gether e gent Gers“ Carato ea tat ‘Dh Yoo ef ttt ln ase Ean oe Din sat 2 Fo Dre Zhen ‘te peat cnt fo toate puncte de pert uncle de pe! supra tat? Beth inc Stet de we wt depen pseu peril de sare bel 2. oe ak dea ee crim min ie eek te ema st tie arsaomty hese ewe sss dati r (of FF) ce pal ce pe xd ante ok tie ensue na ae pleat AY std in ee tape os hte 1 oe te ee VE A etude ¥ cine Ieried pe tate fle clare Si car dal tt ote fs 240 afi aYES pone apocit atel hina ttn Gevtrc Nnils(nesa vB, Acasa ec Sande q (ete) ee satcina lat oe ce, cet ets 4 oe over 2255 Potenflul un pol de semne op, afte fo distanta 20 ul 3 oud saci Sele $ ccs vel exsiplil etl 21. Morseatul ats fornensd wn ipl pan lec 9 ae ine 2 et Leet Gein eavina negatia spre co pou Hei tuate om doduce 0 expresie Dent Fotenalasece 1 prose dm i ee eetSat mu fe prea apreape’ de iol, Berane Bene efit doch cso coords I? (tu. 298), Din conaioe- eres je nettle ers carck putea nu so Sipolidee doch puncul Ps vot tn jurul TAPE oil eoaetacte Atel va teh Sie Nar Vt 8) pena Un plan oes hE Cettne at pal Jl Figura 2-9 Se SPH Bie Filho Folosnd siti 2-9 ‘sine ve Dv vien ele ellie oxacth (cholo proximatih ge 8 sn Di tgura 39.9 saine sro iar expresia potential doving op hci s teaedeaomen tate pura lew deta cosa de promeute enn eee eit Caer ee ‘tm aemonat antrum ‘minted patie in Scere uct exter eh co gone 8 Sg SO ae vr mnt 3 hor cece eoespunatr Moret go nae, . ony) ace engesye 2 (0) Us tm ince te vegies acon ant ‘Sor nae come ex ene weve pte ode) Doxa etch Ronen gle ince Lape alto artnet este exe MR iy ape tn uo 3 ae eed peve ine dee in ei In te moment tc Sumit de period, partaea peter ane! se va Ioversa Acta ete un {toa te vlan, Donumica own dee fopa ck sansa ve npr ny vend 7 Un cedapt lee. Us cinarpel li (ese 2-2, we ta i ean eave dt ot ore peta eee Wat poems ep 2 de Q(n200) ele moment sect crpalar a) smell de sac dn Nowra fost ures ch Vvarnh (eo pene owe puncte SB SE eae et ee ah Rig pe gate ‘ese de mae ok) un gl ete femat in do src ete ‘de San op cnn raph lag eh spate nat het ct ut ‘Sts dane mtu at competes pero) un ensue oat Sea et Seal a es ci a le on ‘teapot. cut tsuneo pote eantnun peed deta ine tin ah edb deat com a feta Pann at nar eave dit de 9 tbe eine Seite ete ae oti * ee Sr ah 129-6 Energie potent lactic Spe ae et tree pat Se Sous antl pene nets we Bern re Neiee mend ech ete date & Se Sate Mone ng x sn, cr SMITE ESE GSS es Se os ae bls tects Acwasd varie, a fl on toate cise tpur de cnergit mee hcyati tite aera ha Sot eiraet ead scnceaot lS Tae aera ee pea hog te ee he aa ar © 2(ein plat ete exact, eu deoebira of forte eletice pot fk arative ‘Sa cepulsiv pe eld ele gravtaponaie sinh aural eras ‘Belin ehorga potent sttmulu de sarcn cu srl mecanie ecear pentru a consul Sistemi de sarefnl aduelustetrepat de ‘stint Erantpunem ef ele sveau toate nargie neh oro din cust Sipe interacunle seep, ‘Sa presopuner cf sirena ay (in fig, 29-18) se gist la ditants {ott epaus.Potenfaal elec dterinat de yim Pali eae “se al i ncpat, ete dt de Fn Dack gy este sds de la ative Ia distanta r deg, Meru mesanie nectar esl, din Stiiiseotniainl elects oe. 29-9) WaVa. eon) CCambilod acete dout ecuti f smintindune et oat ue meso sig Wee toca ent poe eed “yen ga we e940) ‘alin Ul sot fn ident fatal ne rlerine ta aston dite $ atsat 101Waltaen SI de capuctote dps cn routs din ecusin 304 ete ‘on ise floutt 9 denumise spsiss,fradu ponte 9 w dent. Dee fires‘ ere dn i Suosren la Meal Parady’ che rine alte con Anup ig studi elect, a Invosue nolunee de eapadtae. Ast= ie 1 farad = 1 coulomt vet. Da proctics ve foloaee iti mal convenabl, su>eultipll al faradul, Iucroferadl (1 P10" F) wanoforadl fh nP=0" F) ee pesforadl Gpretont ots Se soan ce anne ol de we eh. Prva qu, Pts et proper pet 9 tempera dts nem inp orien ene 3h wae soy emesrnds de shaun tacoma ok eapetnes © et ssi os vol 8 fils Senge sa» ssn oct a ar fn prs 0s sah nce ta seal «cond propa care otf acum de orice fond, creat eu sarin egale dat Ai eeineeontare, Ute ge stem oe mee condentor ar a ileioal'ss numrse armaturc ‘Vente 8 incase imsture cca tte de open opus, cle se consctnas pera un moment In berele Ut Seti Capoten, sreur oleate oc delitgte fad fe"s0- in cae ronminti: ch Vente arnt depots inte or Inara este meinen sarein de pe aeare incarnate, @ a thts ciccina etal gonensatorall, sare ste tro. Capedtetea nul Snaenestr depinde de geometris fecal armturl dunia dite le Aire te eee sit chtundgte Ponta mument consider hea There ida ‘Candensatourele sit dlperitve ce prvinis un snare Interes peat Ahens inglnes De exes 1. coast carte gm accontt importante crapulu la Snolegeres foutiencior naturale, Condencraral pote flor Ie prolucetes sine Felice Ge inte congue tenae tn ere apn Ta graf 27-9 cn Geers devon unl esau de slesont i pel Wife predus den condensotor, desi atune! nm foleitsost te tr Ta parsratele urmtloare vim sic comparites bseisaor Alsocsve siasio tntsun el cleric (Grodus eonvensbil Geum cot Mentor se vom vedea cunt po fe generate Tope electromagnet / yay = “HSIN Figs 292 0! conic ete Bp Peo i coe ma rs pe oir te 3.0 ai ntlne important pe cream pin areata a ast are See gtgrae.Annnd Condessaarle Unrest ee ae ~ sul poate considera ct tte acu i cee aed eee nM cde Sacer oe Sp Mets Paget de modu cae a fost raise Deonece Contetannit See impurt intense Jn regluni mich din spat, elo pot il lose fe sain sve Teleete stfelde-metode de ecules wn ga neat as elo Inara furie sous tp sb fark her aga 3 ota ected ni a f putt existe ha et tlt png cae psi pers ee te Be 2 ene in linens eletoie eToa ae inns go fort Ge impala petra generres wae ees wae ia Ses erates de seta ne arta sre se, pls rents im Bes cv va hi fe cee uo ep 4a imputsri. Tn ultimele caitole vor consis ha de cotestor element ae cca, = SHAS Sone pete Ite 1030.2 Coeull capaci Pip inno plan cnt dp eo pe rst tp styecsran fi, ania ty dk, ke pam Seno Sg ha abel amet Dee ae Be eg Hameo eae eae Dee ines are heres ae made ot Sees Bie del Sere ae ea Epuncnda aetna ah ane Ss, erect eal eepeeue or aes 3 Sosa Sis De eaten ee cate a Re aa cc Don cel oe ceo, cate Bache sola ca ne eed area ‘lon Enema Get eet ptr mo cs ho ec a es ee ug spices grated peut a8 en up dees ees Sa a na Sp Oe bAng 05) Leteral mecanic nectar pont» duce » sarcind de probs gy 66 ta o plac lg mts poston exprmet Ge ex gu (won ec 901) Hie ta peor dual ance fev ge dstants oy ob Cele Goud expends tebule den govt er oa * yea 08 ella 30-6 ene e ft un cat patel exprimat do 0 relate mai ceri cna 28.3, vee seca stomp sane 2) va—Sea unde este erecta de poten inte lie Tegal poate fut pevorte cru cave nsape pe pach) silvepte po eelltddeoarece ‘care pis sie sural echipotontas ar fortleelectrastatice st an 3.2 Us cpt ln de te A. la en Sipe Coun Se isine hat tl pb smo ie ort at fo lo tenors. | {odependente de drum, Ca toate et ees mai simp lessee line grap ulirh pe plc lle 28. ose Dake Slee tee dei ge HO te 2 ee Pe engi lntodice pe tg din reels 305 gf 308 ta eelala Cogiv aan Aa 202 ete wh ar py cet nS Seal Sa ur elo dete neon on cit eo ae iene Sel ee i eel mitt pr case, aria 5f distanta dintre pléct si determinind experimental tate iuptas oe a HT" Asti, ecuain 0-1 «fost Toon entra deletes Beet ng es th cate i owt gg ELS ae sot te Se isan es nai 1 nce prin out sane bath. Rosen Sos NT Gia, sexton,AL FT TTS at ie ows dn neg sce trl lindas Gaus, De at west itewna de oth ane ll te ath de rela 23 geval cE ai cod st vet antacid von faa rfeon fate priains va deck fait, fo saab pets conceal fan 7, ace reac dene Imac wasree oe WesabinDerenta 8 potent) ta bare turer Co fa imp Sra lentes Bg bint watartanCteHe + ogres ve en cdi Wt sr Uf 204 aa oe tesa em i wnat heneween foie eae aya et tle he ay does an fl 8 el % log dln euch ef m:n end pe ie Setrina dear o ceprare’a sacar, seins tf rants Ta aan Se seis, Aphid rai @~CV eel emeaaton nem mt © PCH 30.3 Condensator plan eu dilecig Flats 90-7 ese valaild doar pentru condonetaare plane ta vid ‘ein es alia lect ump spoilt aie ele aut las ‘tether Faraday SAD 2 fot Meet Parada nD ne i pape ooh mac A at nos let # wc eatin cu pina ler, ge lie B 9 paca oduct egal. Das arnt one, on dct, aul et mel remo lc ee td ae Gu fe ni ena ee orFaraday « rsp laces inteebure construind dou condenetoare ideatce whl contin’ dn deleetee oarcare pe cod coal contines erly preslune normal, Clad smiele condense efau Ineeate x eur diferent de potenfiel, ela const pein experienit ch arena cumalal pe txt ce confinea dllecticul era wal nave co cea ecu 18 pe ctattcondenstar (0.9070. Tangy a mist rar A ep eile lr dus sore ‘acho crcl prpenal¥sacna ce se Pen aot sce OE Thomgy de tsuneo Ha Came y micra tora de weal eclombans (horn dons neath co sri Othe oer "Bronce ese mai mare, pentru acca Vim prosenia dcetricu, watt dn telaia C-0V of expadiotg condensctorated cee dacd wn ‘elcrie atroduce Sntre ple Raportal in care cele copactten frndeceatorulit ea dlelecteet fd deel Wek ile, se mrmeyle ‘Sonsoniddilectnid a materials”; (Yess tbels 30-1) aloe a picrim un penal constant pe plicle cndeasstorlul user proceda i altel, platind weno sre elect pe plac (hg. Born bh Baparicaa ne stall shunc! ea Uieronta de potential Va inte lila condenstorlit din despa este mat mich en ctl pest eel din ‘agi co factor 1 sat ‘Sintem condue ate) din now ta conelina of eect dilcteieulu ete fe a erent eapottea eu actor k unin hi) wn ot ai i uni ace i comtriy—cgna ih i 08 Propneeraqus cHORVA DuELECTRICE sn om eae ‘coos a * ‘Sdn Ge one Se : sth ee S 2 | sacar & 2 | Repren 3 @ ag pose erapuggeee Dios ot Stl et pt a berm ce ply Sot pe ce ee ont apes Sal a pn a at Putem dak serie pe ba rerltatlor exprimentale expscitaten unt condesetor pan sb forma ont oon ‘Srunis,90-7 penteu vid devine reatia dada nie condensatorul pla in od penn care ei. Exporieta arate tt eapactaaa tutaror purer ‘de Condensatoare exo mis cu ford dct spl dine ‘lie exte wnpiue cu aeletic Astle apacisen oisrul candensator Doste sei ru forma, cote unde & depinde de forma lui geometsick i are dimesclunile unet n= Ein Beier Sondre Eyes tes opie SSedoncator clindre (West exerpiu 2) este 2all(t [Si heer sf Intlegem din punct de vedere atomic ce se inten pl cu un alc cod eat plat lo elect. Exist ous poste ‘Suni. Ua detec au molecule care posed moment ipoarelecre 109)permanent, 8 8¢ exemplu gps. In tet de material (mite poise) TRomentl sletle dipolar p tinge sh so aliniezo pe ale cml Sock eu fn iguca 30-8 (esl de ssemenoa pregrsal 27-0) Grail de Minis af malesulior mu va fl porfce ig ease ste ier dar fa epe Ua cor nko call Sce sau eo ote Dar infernt acd moleculele au sau mu moment dipolar, ele vor ‘ign up artel de moment pia induce, 0 dll ce neceten br i ftp mages. fo parega‘u 20-5 am vieat ca un cop else nde HE pare, sarcinte ‘negative ot pontve din atom ast" movcula Aest Inomtnt polo elect ius eft Sear in presents imal sete Late proportnel cu impel electri (pnt Intensitt u pree ae) fige intctiauna dives nor do‘cxnp en tn figura 2-12 ‘SE coniderim un condensntr plan invest cu srsin a $f ater ctl [a 'roo Boer (et fg. 30-7, care pape un ep ees Inter unite de intestate By im eare vor introduce delete. Ble Waal amir tie Wepre cent aioe Fi eu tate ed at ey un ineeg vo me clectse ner, dps um (ndeesc fig. 0-08 Heal notes Incense supeaele 2m Sreapea Wich ex earcnd pv ara eet Sin sage sarsnd nebo thony sm solumal dielectrielui mi aparsarcn suplimentare Deorece Aiectreulrimine‘meutrs n snsanilnsorina de suprofla fu po Siva tabula a fic egls in mire tu na negative indush De notat (i aeest proces, elaconit ain alee nt delat de la posta Ite de Senses cl lstanfe considera mal mac slemetrul omic Jerisee drsten Rosa temic wi sn cosine eater pa 10 sve 9 nape.) Us mp ate er Letina pin gates di inp. ec, aps sing enn Es ode de son 8p pce conde: (eh Cnet ost HEHE in dita ne mol mle co Ey Nu exlett un tanaport de satend pe disante mucroscopice cum are Ibe ical crenior ce tee pin cout. Th fig 3096 te poste vdeo cf srcne supertalsindusd va apare totdenina afl inc eimpul electric cont deol (2) oh ae opund an pula elacre extern By, Cpu recullant In deere H eae uma, vee toriald 9 tal Bal lB Aca cimp ave accent direct et & dar Sogn MD sl Ne Se cee ets et {rl Soria nda po suprafote ta kindest mitorese inant clo Pires ‘Acautsmlcorae_« intensilhcimpulul electric ce manic (i 0-8) pin rogue” frente! de poten inte sls mst ce densatorincreat ioat nd ae introduce an dilecie fate psc e- Ife VB pantea condenetorl pan (ete, 300) este ales ine erent de. peearn sat abseria leticulul si arate ef mlayrarea ui WSostiesin fg 30-1 b este lagu rect de micorare lal Bt pe ie, dich o [pach delete ate iatrduss Inte armature wnt Cae ‘Sette ad, stance! Bane os) ‘unde simboluteexpeecieh ain sings ae rfork la figura 200, iar sm Batu Veg Vg a evferd Ia figura S-F bo ducers shell pe suprelaa este expliaiacelul_ mai ele rmentar fenomen de eleteitate states, anume stain pe care 0st‘once fone cra anche ‘Secet Gtpctas ae feck ucla de hiss din apropieres nel verge inezte elect. EG'hgurafeso so arth o butte rte ce se gareste cpu eee te einer vergele lecate Paras tcarea pega ¢ Oued de HiSilva Watced de serena partes port ve I eps Dar aesto but fore nu au aceut drive cotrece prten nega ein al propia de bason soc con poeta Bfetul net ese 0 aan, Um Sip dieses Intun ‘mp elec ualform se va alla sub fntuenfa Sta fore tote sue 3055 Disecic teoroma lal Gauss Pind acum flosiea terome toi Gauss ave resting Ja cozurile tn cure ne pies. SE aici sci ant tne ‘Stogtor plan umplut eu un delete de constant alee ‘Fgued SOT aru comdonsatrel cu flee eietecre Pacem prest= Dpnerea ch sven! sarcind q se fasts pe pile condensstorul eu 3 Feet dinetsie. Suprafata Goss 4 fst dist tp scelag tod ca th fi ura 905, “Deck na avom dicectee (lig. 0-112), teorema Tul Gaus (veel oe tae 309) ne ok s Aen t 019) Dies disetieu este preset (fg, 3011), seroma ta} Gauss ne dB oo Glas ana tp care “a, ate sorcing superficial indus, cave tebule fe Astins 12, Site" Se munis amon ber de pe plc, Aces docs sare, sve aiceseimpreund in inteoralsuprsfefel Gaus, snt de Sem ops ‘Fug find eacina mat din rarlorl suprafete! Gauss lain 40-9 seat in figuea 30-11 Combinind carla $.1,obinem poet, onan Inada i 0, ten onion rea ona Acs art cet cena ei degra nde ‘hat ied deci sareind Mera neste egal ca eto dn sleletiel 0 (Sie present adieh dart ke “acm von rezerla fovea Tsk Gsusepontra eal din figure 901 sab toon " Gidea ony 4g find de asemenea scan aah ce se age lo interional supe fx Gast fhiocuind tn acasdelavle pe ain vlala 80-19%, obi= to G NE aS—a (90-13) coat relate important, defust pentru us condensator len, ete feviatd qin cas general st ropeecinss modul fn eare leona I Gouse ete ath Stone ‘ind Sint presente medll dleectsce. Obeervall,Fe 288 Gm 5. Un cnr sl ce cnn © a 1 Integrals desu conine acum un fate 2, Sarena q din Interior supratets Gauss ste doar sarcina liber Sertnn de suprtaa Indust ete lista deo parte fn putea dreapil 8 ‘Stale! deoarece ce aplre imp prin itarneain constant ain Iie ng ate out 9638 Sb pnt fruit comet ic dar @ ine ie © ern Se pte tees et ecu Ape e eecvecech nec 9 ot oe ict. Pressed iano enh dot om bets omy Pw oi {a int awit Cy note de Intute, Sitch bo ci. Gee = OIE Place eGo yI00 WY =BAKHEH fe'vn mdlca ca urmare s tnceducert! ileal. 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Ae com se rh fom ‘ith tes F nets pee ‘Saar td 6 nse Obesay wane 3 8 SN 4 mich set FB Ga) act ese std Ev Yeon cnp sce edt oh Yevont BF po exon tune de Et ace se, stain con veel Botad oeeste GAD, pm sce Hlnd wan 30-22 ft I fra von sue at ES i tet pe slot ae © sgurt salooe. 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In med’ werdoater, Eergia nul condensator roy cind se care” oe acanaleacs In energie potentials eietiet U gala ou cr mecane W neceree pen {edad fndinen “Acwsti energie sete cadet Jacl perme colon: Flute se descitee.Putem st ae imagindm efctiaee sees here etc sip nant cr tpn de pet ive pe cea nage’, roalsind separa atria in od ceo {Set lich de fciveare tte eft be tice buere Be seams eset ‘imicescumulate Ino, ‘SE presupunn ela un moment dst f, string @° () « fort tran feral de peo plch pe alla" Dilerenia ce potential Vy" ante piel wa Is boost iment, q'@ic. 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