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CONTENTS
-THIS BOOK IS FOR SALE ONLY IN THE COUNTRY TO \^/HICH IT IS FIRST CONSIGNED

BYJoHNW|LEY&soNs(As|A)PTELTDANDMAYNoTBERE-EXPoRTED"

SECTION

Chapter

33

CHEMISTRY

Carbon Dioxide and Related

Compounds

Basic Chemistry

1.1 Definitions 3
1.2 The ExPression of
Concentration 3
1.3 lons, Molecules, and

Bonding

4 Organic and
BtochemistrY
4.1 Carbon 77

14

1.8 Chemical Kinetics

1.9 Gas Laws 20

16

1.10 Gas SolubilitY: Henry's

Law Zl
1,11 SolubititY Product 23
1.12 ComPlexes 25
1.13 Nuclear Chemistry 27

4.11 The TricarboxYlic Acid

Cycle

4.12
Chapter
BaslE

2 The ThenodYnamic
for Equtllbrlun

:.1 Thermodynamic Relations

:.2 Redox Potentials 42
1,3 Corrosion

48

3 Actd-Base ChemistrY
-..1 pH 57
I ? Acids and Bases 58
lJ Equivalents and NormalitY
-i"4 Solution of Multiequilibria
62

i5 Buffers
3

5 *Acid-Base

34
34

Chapter

Systems

63

Titrations

77

4.2 Properties of Organic

Compounds 77
4.3 Functional GrouPs 78
4.4 Aliphatic ComPounds 79
4.5 Nitrogen-Containing
Compounds 81
4.6 Aromatic ComPounds 82
4.7 ComPounds of Sultur 83
4.8 NaturallY Occurring Organic *
Compounds 83
4.9 BiochemistrY 87
4.L0 GlycolYsis 87

ConductivitY and Ionic

Strength

71'

Chapter

1.4 Balancing Reactions

1.5 Oxidation-Reduction
Reactions 10
1.6 Equilibrium 1,3

I.7

Natural Buffering of Waters from

66

57

61

87

Enzyme

Kinetics

88

Chapter 5 AnalYsis and

ConsdtuentE in Water

5.1 Titration 94
5.2 Primary Standards 95
5.3 Acid-Base Titrations
5.4 Complex and PreciPitate

94

95

Formation Titrations 97
5.5 Redox Titrations and
Potentiometric AnalYses 98
5.6 Colorimetric AnalYses 103

5.7 Physical AnalYses 106

5.8 ChromatograPhic AnalYses
5.9 Determination of Organic

Matter

109

1l-0

xl

Xii

CONTENTS

SECTIONII MICROORGANISMS
IN WATER AND
WATER QUALITY
Chapter

6.1.

133

6 Microbiology

Bacteria

f35

135

6.2 Eukaryotes 138

6.3 Other Microorganisms 140
6.4 Growth of Microorganisms 140
6.5 Identification and Enumeration of
Microorganisms t46

7 Water, Wastes,
Disease
Disease

157

157

1,65

Chapter 8 Water Components and

t8l
Quality Standards

8.1 Toxicity of Elements and

Compounds 181
1
8.2 Contaminants in Water 782
8.3 Taste and Odor 190
8.4 Bases for Standards 194
8.5 Standards for Drinkine
195

8.6 Drinking Water Standards

8.7 Canadian Inland Water
8.8
8.9

Water

797

Consumption

Guidelines

Reactors

254

264

10.4 Flow and Quality

Equalization

267

System Material

Balances

269

SECTION IV
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL
TREATMENT PROCESSES 285

ll Screening and
Sedimentation
11.1 Screens and Bar Racks
Il.2 Sedimentation 297

Chapter

287
287

I Sedimentation 293
II Sedimentation 298
11.5 Type III Sedimentation: Zone
1,1,.3 Type
1,1,.4 Type

Settling

308

Treatment 323
11.8 Grit Chambers 328
Wastewater

205

11.9 Inlet Hydraulics for

207

8.10 Wastewater
Characteristics 208
8.11 Wastewater Production

Sedimentation
21.0

III

SECTION
WATER
AND WASTEWATER
TREATMENT

243

11.6 Weir-Launder Design 319

L1.7 Clarifier Design for Water and

203

Canadian Federal Wastewater

Quality

234

10.1 Setup of Mass Balances 243

10.2 Flow Analysis of CM and PF

10.5

Contamination 1.62
7.3 Indicator Microorganisms

Quality

Plants

Chapter l0 Macs Balances and

Hydraulic Flow Regimes

Vessels

and

7.2 Indicators of Fecal

Water

Wastewater Treatment

10.3 Detention Time in

Chapter

7.1, Agents of

9.2 Wastewater Treatment Unit

Operations 227
9.3 Hydraulic Design of Water and

217

Basins

345

Chapter 12 Mass Transfer

and Aeration

355

12.1 Fick's Law 355

12.2 Gas Transfer 357
12.3 Aeration in Water and
Wastewater Treatment
Design of Aeration

Chapter 9 Water and Wastewater

Treatment Operations
219

12.4

9.1 Water Treatment

Operations 219

12.5 Aeration in Biological

Systems

361

364

Wastewater Treatment

373

xiii

-ao**r
,L:trrpter

13

Chapter

Coagulation and

Flocculation
-' - Coagulation 384
-*': \lixing and Power
)-.,:ipation

384

16.1 Kinetics of Disinfection

16.2 Chlorination 515
1,6.3 Disinfection

389

.l \llxers 391,
-' ' Flocculators

16 Disinfecdon

16.4

Ozone

Practice

r-

Irradiation

14 Filtration

530

Slow Sand Filters and Rapid

",!-: Support Media and Underdrains

-: Sand Filters 439
Filter Beds for Water and

Ir -.itewater Treatment

442

- {ir Binding of Filters 443

* i Rapid Filtration
l*::rnatives 446
! - Pressure Filters 448
- -. Slow Sand Filters 448
* - - Bioiogical Filtration for Water
l:::tment 450

ri:

:h,rf*er 15 Physical-Chemical
Treahent for Dissolved
Coastituents

\\'ater Softening 457

: - Lrme-Soda Softening 459
: *: Chemical Stabilization of
'rt
t:;f
468
i - Iron and Manganese

i.:::ioval 471
r.: Phosphorus Removal

from

.::e$'ater by Chemical

?:=;pitation 474
: -- I.'rn Exchange 477
: - Fluoridation and
lEi:roridation 479
.' i \lembrane Processes, 480
i - Cerbon Adsorption 484

V
TREATMEIIT

545

l7 Aerobic
Treatment

547

BIOLOGICAT
SECTION
WASTEWATER

.,r'

{h

534

416

..ii

521

1,6.5 Ultraviolet and Ionizing

400

:"-::rs 41,6
- Filtering Materials 418
-*: Headloss in Filters 423
I Backwashing Filters 428
.r'

514

527

16.6 Other Disinfectants

iltreF*er

5f3

Chapter

Biologlcal

17.1. Microorganisms in Aerobic

Biological Treatment 547
17.2 The Activated Sludge

Process 548
I7.3 Substrate Removal and Growth
of Microorganisms 549
Activated Sludge

I7.4

Configurations 554
17.5 Process Analysis 557
17.6 Food to Microorganism Ratio
and Sludge Age 560
17.7 Plug Flow Activated Sludge

4i7

Treatment

572

17.8 Variations of the Activated

Sludge

17.9

Process

574

Sludge Production in Activated

Sludge Systems 583

17.10 Design of Activated Sludge
Processes for Nitrogen and

Phosphorus Removal 586

17.11. Oxygen UPtake in Activated
Sludge

Processes

592

17.12 Bulking and Foaming

Sludge

592

17.13 Process OPerating

Characteristics and Kinetic

Coefficient Values 595

17.1.4 Fixed Film Processes 595

xiv

CoNTENTS

l8 Anaeroblc
Treatment

Chapter

VYastewater

622

18.1 Anaerobic Metabolism 623

t8.2 Process Fundamentals 625
18.3 Process AnalYsis 632
18.4 MisconcePtions and Barriers
About Anaerobic Treatment
18.5 New Anaerobic Treatment

Processes 646
18.6 Process Stability

Monitoring

and

656

18.7 Comparison of Anaerobic

and

Processes

659
Aerobic Treatment
18.8 Energy Assessment of Anaerobic
and Aerobic Treatment 661
18.9 Pathogen Reduction in
Anaerobic Processes 663

Chapter 19 Tneatment in Ponds'

Land Systens, and Wetlande 670

19.1 Overview of Stabilization -

Ponds

670

19.2 Pond TYPes 673

79.3 Design of Pond SYstems 675
19.4 Indicator Microorganism Dieoff
in

Ponds

19.7 Wetlands for Wastewater

Treatment

697

20 Sludge Pnrceselng and

709
Iand Appltcadon
20J Sludge Characteristics and

Chapter

Conditioning

20.2

709

Sludge Generation and

Treatment

Processes

713

20.3 Sludge Conditioning 717

20.4 Aerobic Sludge Digestion
20.5 Model for Aerobic Sludge

Digestion 72L
20.6 Sludge Thickening
20.7

720

727

Mechanical Sludge

Dewatering

732

20.8 Land APPlication of

Sludge 738

Chapter 2l Effluent DisPosal tn

751
Natural Waters

zl.L Pollutants in Natural

Waters 751
21.2 Loading Equations for

Streams 754
2I.3 Dissolved Oxygen
Stream 760

Variation in a

682

19.5 Aerated Lagoons 683

19.6 Treatment of Wastewater in
Natural Systems 6U

Appendix

773

Index

789