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I. INTRODUCTION
A rapid development in telecommunication technology
effected a high data rate service like voice, multimedia,
and data through wire or wireless is in high demand.
High data rate transmission needs higher bandwidth than
single carrier transmission because the required
minimum bandwidth is Rs/2 (Hz) where Rs is a symbol
rate. When signal bandwidth higher than coherent
bandwidth in wireless channel, the signal will experience
selective fading frequency in result of multipath and
inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) can be happened. In
general there is adaptive equalizer which developed to
overcome ISI, but when the data rate is higher, the
equalizer design is more complex which hard to
implement [1].
To overcome with that problem, the correct solution for
high data rate transmission is use multi-carrier. Total
available bandwidth in spectrum for multi-carrier
0,7071i0,7071
, where
i=1
match
C ( n ) = r ( l N +k+n ) s (l N +k)
l=0 k=1
(1)
Hk+
1 (W 0, k +W 1,k )
dk
2
(3)
Bit Info
(left-msb)
00
01
10
11
Symbol Value
xe ( k )=
0.7071 + 0.7071j
-0.7071 + 0.7071j
0.7071 0.7071j
-0.7071 0.7071j
Where
B. Channel Estimation
Channel Estimation is use for cancel the channel effect
which result dampng and phase changed because of
multipath [3]. On channel estimation process, the LTS in
receiver which through the FFT process is noted as
Rl,k
l=0
l=0,1
l=1
x(k)
^
Hk
(4)
xe ( k )
for the
(2)
Where
W l,k
FFT process,
d l,k
H l,k
^
Hk
1
1
(R0, k +R 1,k )
2
dk
1
1
(H k d k +W 0, k +H k d k +W 1,k )
2
dk
where
is phase
s' ( k )=s ( k ) ej
where
'
s (k)
correction process.
Frame Design
5
flat surface, so number of reflected signal which arrived
at the receiver is less than the signal in indoor.
Parameter
Bit rate
QPSK Symbol rate per
carrier (baud rate)
Number of subcarrier
OFDM symbol rate
Ratio cyclic prefix
Transmitted Bit
node Tx and Rx range
Setting Gain in WARP:
- Tx Baseband:
- Tx RF:
- Rx Baseband:
- Rx RF:
Obstacle type
Value
24 Mbps
12 MBd
64 (48 data + 4 pilot)
250 kBd
25%
107520 bit
various
2
0-60
2
2
Cord web
6
different even as the state when distance at 5 meter has
BER value less than distance at 4 meter. In case of
obstacle, performance of OFDM is better when LOS
condition than NLOS condition. When transmit power
-26.125 dBm, BER value for LOS condition is 0 while in
NLOS condition is 9.3x10-6. While in case of
measurement environment, when transmit power -26.125
dBm, BER value for indoor environment is 0 while in
corridor and outdoor environment are 1.2x10-3 and
6.43x10-3, respectively. In case of measurement, indoor
environment has the best performance because it has the
shortest distance of reflection than other environments.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Gambar 10. LOS and NLOS Differences with The Same
Range and The Same Environment
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]