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Name :
student no. :
Year :
Q1)
10.00
pressure (kPa)
20.00
30.00
40.00
2
3
level (m)
7
9
10
11
12
13
98
14
Calculate Ka
Ka1 = (1-sin(35))/(1+sin(35))
=
0.271
Ka2 = (1-sin(27))/(1+sin(27))
=
0.376
Ka3 = (1-sin(42))/(1+sin(42))
= 0.198
Pressure diagram
watertable
z
0
3
5
0
16
19
0
48
86
u
0
0
19.6
'
0
48
66.4
20
146
49
97
13
21
251
98
153
Ka
0.271
0.271
0.271
0.376
0.376
0.198
0.198
Ka * '
0
13.008
17.994
24.935
36.426
19.228
30.329
ARM (m)
MOMENT (kN m)
11
214.67
234.18
Ka * '
0.00
13.01
17.99
24.93
36.43
19.23
30.33 (data of lateral earth pressure distribution)
z
0
3
5
5
8
8
13
FORCE (kN)
(13.01-0)*3/2
19.515
13.01*(5-3)
=
26.02
(17.99-13.01)*2/2
=
4.98
24.9353
=
74.805
(36.43-24.93)*3/2
=
17.25
19.23*5
=
96.15
(30.33-19.23)*5/2
=
27.75
98*10/2
=
490
=
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Fh=
8.67
43.18
6.5
486.23
103.50
2.5
240.38
1.667
46.26
3.33
1631.70
756.47
Mh=
3000.08835
a 12
From soil :
z
0
to
3
to
5
to
8
to
12
Layer thickness
Fv
Mv
16
48
(B-1)
19
38
(B-1)
20
60
(B-1)
21
84
13
B-1
Fv1=
(B-1)
230 (B-1)
Mv1=
115 (B^2-1)
a 12
FORCE (kN)
23.5*12*1
282
23.5*B*1
=
23.5B
Fv2=
23.5B+282
ARM (m)
MOMENT (kN m)
0.5
141
13
B-1
B/2
11.75*(B^2)
11.75*(B^2)+141
Mv2=
Therefore,
Mv
Fv
Mv1
^2
126.75
Fv1
=
Check overturning
Mv2
26
Fv2
253.5
52
(given FOS= 2)
^2
Mv / Mh
>
0
3000.0884
6.865
or
126.75
2
+
26
<
-6.865
>
solving gives:
B
>
B
( rej.)
Check Sliding
tan
+
Fh
Bc
>
1.5
253.5
52
)
756.47
tan [(2/3)*42]
>
1.5
(c = 0)
solving gives :
B
Therefore
>
Fv= 3094
8.22 m
( control, take B =
12 )
Mv= 18278
Mv
B
2
Pmax
V
B
V
B
Pmin
Fv
-
Mh
18278
3094
3000.08835
4.94
4.94
1.06
<
B
6
<
400
kPa
12.00
2
6e
B
394.75368125
kPa
6e
B
120.91298542
kPa
However, constructability and the cost of cutting and filling need to be concerned.
Therefore
Fv= 2206.75 ,
Mv= 9183.6875 ( take B =
Mv
B
2
V
B
V
B
Pmax
Pmin
Mh
9183.6875
ok
8.5 )
2206.75
3000.08835
2.80
8.50
2
2.80
1.45
>
B
6
6e
B
524.95370381
kPa
>
400
kPa
6e
B
-5.718409689
kPa
Fv
1.416667
not ok
Conclusion
The suggestion is that B can be 8.5 m so that FOS of overturning and sliding can be fulfilled , but measures to compensate for the lack of bearing capacity of soilshould be performed
For instasoil underneath the base of the wall may have the need to be replaced with the one with higher bearing capacity, OR alternatively,mini piles may be necessary to be installed
under the base and socketed into the bedrock
Q2a)
h =
1.1h =
watertabl
3.3
3.63
0.37
Ka
=
=
(1-sin(33))/(1+sin(33))
0.295
z
0
4
4+d
0
18
20
20
92
20d+92
u
0
0
9.8d
z
3.63
4
4+d
0
18
20
0
6.66
20d+6.66
u
0
0
9.8d
PASSIVE PRESSURE :
* Remark: As water levels are assumed to be the same on both side of the wall, the
moments asserted on the wall will be cancelled out by each other, so no n
therefore
-2.38
FORCE (kN)
5.9*4
=
23.6
(27.122-5.9)*4/2
=
42.444
27.122*d
=
27.122d
(3.01d+27.122-27.122)*d/2
=
1.505 (d^2)
(22.6-0)*0.37/2*(-1)/2
=
-2.0905
22.6*d*(-1/2)
=
-11.3d
(34.6d+22.6-22.6)*d/2*(-1/2)
=
-8.65(d^2)
d^2
d
costant
-7.145
15.822
63.95
ARM (m)
2+d
4/3+d
d/2
d/3
d+0.123
d/2
d/3
Mh=
Fh=
-7.145
d^2
15.822
Mh=
-2.38
d^3
7.91
d^2
Mh
d^2
63.95
7.607
-7.145
d^2
1.1*0.2d
d^3
7.91
solving gives :
d
Fh
Check whether available force for equilibrium of the wall can be attained
ACTIVE PRESSURE
32.000
30.000
28.000
26.000
24.000
10.5
11
level (m)
11.5
12
12.5
13
ACTIVE PRESSURE
32.000
30.000
28.000
26.000
24.000
10.5
11
11.5
level (m)
12
12.5
0.22d
13
13.5
14
pressure (kPa)
When d =
7.7 m ,
ACTIVE PRESSURE :
z
11.7
13.394
20
20
160.66
194.54
u
75.46
92.0612
PASSIVE PRESSURE
z
11.7
13.394
20
20
246
279.88
u
75.46
92.0612
Availabele force =
Fp
Fa
=
=
( 637.104
982.7471 kN
>
578.492
2
1.694
237.84765 kN
OK!
Kp
=
=
(1+sin(33))/(1-sin(33))
3.392
5.
9
'
20
92
10.2d+92
Ka
0.295
0.295
0.295
Ka * '
5.896
27.122
3.01d+27.122
4
m
27.12
2
d
m
4
3.01d+27.12
2
'
0
6.66
10.2d+6.66
Ka
3.392
3.392
3.392
Ka * '
0.00
22.592
34.6d+22.59
22.6
6
7
0.37m
dm
34.6d+2
2.6
MOMENT (kN m)
d^3
d^2
d
23.60
constant
47.20
42.44
56.59
-2.09
-0.26
63.95
103.54
13.56
0.502
-5.65
-2.88
-2.38
7.91
63.95
63.95
103.54
103.54
take d =
7.7
15.822
63.95
1.694
-237.848
kN
an be attained
PASSIVE PRESSURE
pressure (kPa)
560.000
10.5
580.000
11
11.5
12
level (m)
1; 11.7
600.000
620.000
640.000
660.000
PASSIVE PRESSURE
pressure (kPa)
560.000
10.5
580.000
600.000
620.000
640.000
660.000
11
11.5
1; 11.7
12
level (m)
12.5
13
13.5
2; 13.394
14
'
85.2
102.4788
Ka
0.295
0.295
Ka * '
25.117
30.211
'
170.54
187.8188
Ka
3.392
3.392
Ka * '
578.492
637.104
25.117
30.211
2
x 1.694
Q2b)
Ka
=
=
(1-sin(33))/(1+sin(33))
0.295
z
0
4
4+d
0
18
20
10
82
20d+82
u
0
0
9.8d
'
10
82
10.2d+82
z
3.3
4
4+d
0
18
20
0
12.6
20d+12.6
u
0
0
9.8d
'
0
12.6
10.2d+12.6
PASSIVE PRESSURE :
* Remark: As water levels are assumed to be the same on both side of the wall, the
moments asserted on the wall will be cancelled out by each other, so no n
therefore
FORCE (kN)
ARM (m)
2.948*4
=
11.792
2+d
(24.174-2.948)*4/2
=
42.452
4/3+d
24.174*d
=
24.174d
d/2
(3.01d+27.174-27.174)*d/2
=
1.505 (d^2)
d/3
(42.741-0)*0.7/2*(-1)/2
=
-7.479675
d+0.233
42.741*d*(-1/2)
=
-21.371d
d/2
(34.6d+42.74-42.74)*d/2*(-1/2)
=
-8.65(d^2)
d/3
d^2
d
costant
-7.145
2.803
46.76
Mh=
MOMENT (kN m)
d^3
0.502
-2.88
-2.38
Fh=
-7.145
d^2
2.803
Mh=
-2.38
d^3
1.41
d^2
Mh
d^2
46.77
5.38
-7.145
d^2
2.803
0.2d
1.1
-2.38
d^3
1.41
solving gives :
d
( take d =
Fh
Check whether available force for equilibrium of the wall can be attained
ACTIVE PRESSURE
24.000
23.000
22.000
21.000
20.000
8.5
460.0
8.5
level (m)
9.5
10
level (m)
9.5
10
ACTIVE PRESSURE
24.000
23.000
22.000
21.000
20.000
8.5
460.0
8.5
9
1
level (m)
9.5
level (m)
0.2d
10
10
10.5
10.5
11
11
pressure (kPa)
When d =
5.5 m ,
ACTIVE PRESSURE :
z
9.5
10.6
20
20
122.6
144.6
u
53.9
64.68
'
68.7
79.92
PASSIVE PRESSURE
z
9.5
10.6
20
20
192
214
u
53.9
64.68
'
138.1
149.32
Fp
Fa
Availabele force =
=
=
( 506.511
512.1324 kN
>
468.452
2
9.5
1.1
153.95975 kN
OK!
Kp
=
=
(1+sin(33))/(1-sin(33))
3.392
2.948
Ka
0.295
0.295
0.295
Ka * '
2.948
24.174
3.01d+24.19
4
m
1
2
24.17
4
d
m
4
3.01d+24.19
Ka
3.392
3.392
3.392
Ka * '
0.00
42.741
34.6d+42.74
0.7
42.741
6
7
dm
34.6d+42.74
MOMENT (kN m)
d^2
d
11.79
constant
23.58
42.45
56.59
-7.47
-1.74
46.77
78.44
46.77
78.44
78.44
46.76
12.09
-10.68
1.41
46.76
5.5
-153.96
kN
m
be attained
PASSIVE PRESSURE
460.000
8.5
9
level (m)
9.5
10
470.000
480.000
490.000
500.000
510.000
PASSIVE PRESSURE
460.000
8.5
470.000
480.000
490.000
500.000
9
9.5
level (m)
10
10.5
11
pressure (kPa)
Ka
0.295
0.295
Ka * '
20.253
23.560
Ka
3.392
3.392
Ka * '
468.452
506.511
20.253
23.560
2
1.1
510.000