Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Ethanol production
Specialty chemicals
Biotechnology
Pulp & paper
Corn
Wheat
Barley
Sorghum
Starches
Molasses
Raw Sugars
Potatoes
Cassava
Cheese Whey
Plant Capacities
< 10MM LPY
> 480MM LPY
Rectified Spirit
Motor Fuel Grade
Industrial Grade
Neutral Spirits
Industrial Anhydrous
B-Molasses
C-Molasses
Cane Juice
High-Test Molasses & Syrups
Raw Sugar
Sorghum Juice
Storage
Dilution
Desludging
Sterilization
Yeast Propagation
Fermentation
Distillation
Dehydration
Product Storage
Evaporation
Anaerobic Digestion
Utilities
Fed batch
High solids feed (up to 40 Brix)
Reduces stress on yeast
Achieves higher final ethanol concentration
Reduced beer
stone deposits
Condenser
Molasses
Molasses Clarification
Tanks
FERMENTATION
Yeast Propagation
Fuel Ethanol
Tank
To Carbon Dioxide
Product
Preheater/
Product
Condenser/
Condenser
Scrubber
Water
Cooler
Yeast
Propagation
Cooler
Fermenters
A
Sludges
Rectifier
Beer
Stripper
Sludges
Rectifier
Feed
Tank
Beer Feed
DILUTIONDILUTION
/ DESLUDGING
MOLASSES
OR JUICE
CONCENTRATION AND DESLUDGING
Stea
m
Reboiler
Reboiler
Fusel
Oil
Cooler
Wash
Water
Dehydration
Beds
Fusel Oil
Decanter
Stea
m
Reboiler
Vacuu
m
Pum
p
Stillage
Stea
m
Superheater
Recycle Water
DISTILLATION / DEHYDRATION
Digestor
Gas
Effluent
Anaerobic
Digestor
Tank
Regeneration
Condenser
Recycle
Dru
m
No antifoam required
High ethanol recovery
efficiency
< 300 mg/ L of Ethanol in
Vinasses
Sieve beads
EVAPORATION
Thermally integrated with
other processes for high
efficiency
High solids output
High on-stream time
1 month between C.I.P.
Initial rinse
NaOH wash with chemical recovery
Intermediate rinse (evaporator only)
Acid wash (dilute) (evaporator only)
Final rinse
Sanitizer addition (fermentation only)
84
ToBeerWell
CoolingWater
52
90
ColdWater
34
133
5020
Vent
56
56
146
53
VacPumpDrum
72
60
35
4110
AbsrbrBlower
36
55
4100
49
SealCooler
EvapCondnste
76
58
91
57
5090
AbsorbCooler
61
48
5040CoolingWater
33
VentCondensr
47
42
51
46
39
37
65
64
215
78
40
59
50
AbsorberClr
77
154
62
4120
171
31
255
38
139
47
4080
209
4070
Ammonia
Evaporator
12
216 173
3170
Evaporator
175
89
26
14
30
36
15
3120
23
EvapCond
MashCoolrPmp
16
20
Backset
74
22
28
30
229
MashCooler
231
5030
23541
5230
40
43
130
ProcCondHtr
3140
Mingler
8
Grain
7
9
3010
13
WasteNaOH
271
226
137
Water
FermWashTank
EvapCondPump
102
119
25
197
5260
262
102
6010
31
103
3030
205
201
187
110
121
6030
BacksetPump
149
148
111
Evaporator
109
183
174
6020
81
182
ToMashCooler
5210
BeerPump2
123
122
202
Syrup
7040
175
5220
207
208
EvapCondPump
111
RectBottoms
105
173
104
161
203
SyrupPump
106
176
BeerPreheat3
177
62
524
64
104
5350
107
106
109
108
191
187
188
5280
130
232
165
193208
HdsFnlCond
192
189
HdsSecCond
190
150
161
221
HdsPrimCond
96
141
194
222
5310
201
193
188
199
181
198
168
33
204
183
205
207
241
206
242
243
203
HdsFeedPrhtr184
S/RRflxPmp2
217
103
MolSivRecyc
240
101
186
185
113
Heads Column
5320
180
87
94
202
115
5330
218
HeadsBtmPmp
WaterVapor
6040
Dryer
HeadsRflxPmp
206
181
179
144
HdsColRblr
238
171197
234
160
195
216
239
140
HeadsCooler
147
5300
131
164
200
HdsVntCond
190
249
136
5340
194
11
172
5290
118
116
115
1stEffectHtr
214
RectRflxPump
BrStrp2Reblr
192
196
219
65
63
6 57
0psiFlashStm
178
209
EvapCond
142
107
150
105
RectOvhdVapr
117
ToWshngsTank
5240
Stillage
DDGS
182
6050
1stEffCndPmp
195
ToFlashDrum
196
EtOHAbsorber
131
215
186
184
CookerFlash2
28 178
RectFeedPump
246
124
7010
200
112
MashCooling
StmCondPump
185
5510
CookerFlash1
Centrifuge
StmCond
SteamCndsate
120
199
177
BrStrip2Prod
268
127
125
1stEffectCnd
261
157
159
61
5140
126213
7020
212
60
223
FermWashPump
211
StmFlashDrum
119
EvapCondTank
7110
210
117
158
163
128
144EvapSealLiq
15
RectReboiler
3020
To1stEffect
191
135
136
5
3040
79
149
ColdWater
5500
71
81
MSSuperheatr
134
72
96
5540
5130
148
24
MSRegenPump
155
70
114
135
27
146
116
5420
WineAlcohol
ToMashMixTnk
82
90
5530
542
5410
189
114
69
150psiSteam
4140
113
15psi Steam
5490
MolSieveCond
5110
54
87
RctPreheatr2
5120
BeerStrprPmp
7050
17
89
88
263
ToHdsFnlCond
220
7030
21
99
70
Backset
180
160
214
165
16
225
134
5400
25
RctPreheatr1
StillagePump
100
143
FuselOil
76
5390
FuselCooler
122
5430
FinalCondnsr
213
98
5080
145
RegenCndensr
75
124
123
FuselDecantr
170
169
5160
5100
71
HotCondensat
1384150
228
108
BeerPrheat1
32
43
EvapCondnste
7080
CookFeedPump
58
5520
5380
121
67
101
45
86
74
73
264
100
5997
5150
10
3050
4130
44
212
140
118
66
CoolingWater
BeerPump1
LiqTransPump
41
142
85
237
5190
93
154
133
143
145
69
164
CoolingWater
StmFlashDrum
5360
112
153
4090
FermenterPmp
22
3100
4060
26
39
ProductPump
MolSieveUnit
132 80
127
5370
68
3130
FinalMashClr
37
MFGE Product
ProdCooler2
159
139
77
Rectifier
99
5480
251
ProdCooler1
83
129
BeerStrppr#1
5180
4050
23
20
3090
155
21
66
128
163
162
5470
138
78
83
85
MolSieveCond
5450
79
169
75
179
73
97
MSVentCondsr
157
98
211
95
172
156
153
MSSuperheatr
5200
45
BeerPrhtr2
18
84
141
129
3160
7
5440
5270
Beerwell
68
YstSlurryTnk
38
Liquefact#2
3110
Lime
46
94
151
150psiSteam
BrStrprRblr1
258
244
5170
52
6
HeadsPump 147
5060
93
92
2 91
259
34
158
170
BeerStrippr2
42
Fermenters
27
CoolingWaterColdWater
230
120
54
51
29
4030
95
19
Liquefact#1
3070
88
152
257
156
250
5070
DryYeast
174
3080
11
JetCooker
12
67
4040
19
18
4010
10
233VacPumpVent
SachEnzyme
TemperedH20
14
210
49
CoolingWater
5460
152
86
82
55
48
4020
13
3060
132
35
CoolingWater
Water
5250
50
AbsorberPump
44
1
3150
151
5050
63
5010
Nutrient
167
Field juicing
Bag fermentation
Portable or small fixed distillation systems
Ferment during harvest or concentrate and
store to ferment over longer time (in smaller
process plant)
Was tried in the 1970s for corn & other grains all discontinued
mainly due to market conditions and lack of economy of scale
Recent innovations at Universities, especially Oklahoma U. &
Arizona St. U. and in India & Brazil
Lower tech / lower investment dollars
Disbursed smaller operations
Lower juice yields
Lower ethanol yields
Higher energy costs
Farmer labor undervalued
Most difficult to finance
Comparative Economics
Farm Scale
Comparative Economics
Industrial Scale
Cost for harvest equipment cane harvesters / wagons
Cost for extraction systems with evaporators and
juice insolubles precipitation
Cost for fermenters with yeast recycle systems
Cost for Distillation systems with integrated molecular sieves
Cost for anaerobic biogas systems / vinasse concentrators /
irrigation / or other
Cost for bagasse boilers
Cost for co-generation (CHP)
Infrastructure costs
Alternative Feedstocks
Corn (maize)
Barley (whole)
Wheat
Wheat/Wheat
Byproduct
Milo (grain Sorghum)
Triticale
Molasses
Corn
(Maize)
Minnesota Energy
Abengoa Bioenergy
Lacq, France
Bioagra
Wloclawck, Poland
Barley
KATZEN has worked with barley as a feedstock for over 15 years. The
Abengoa plants in Spain frequently utilize barley feedstock when
commodity prices for barley are lower than alternative feedstocks.
Abengoa Bioenergy
Galicia, Spain
MAX. HOURLY WIND
PRESSURE
Abengoa Bioenergy
Castilla y Leon, Spain
Wheat
Poundmaker - Lanigan,
Saskatchewan, Canada
Husky Oil
Lloydminster, Saskatchewan, Canada
Husky Oil
Minnedosa, Manitoba, Canada
AGRANA
Pischelsdorf, Austria
Agrana
Austria
Wheat Byproduct
MGP
Potato and
Potato Waste
Cassava
Rajburi Ethanol
Baan Pong, Thailand
Rajburi Ethanol
Baan Pong, Thailand
Energy
Integration
ABENGOA
DRY
ANIMAL
FEED
TO GRID
TO PLANT
GAS
EXHAUST
TURBOGENERATOR
STEAM
BOILER
EXHAUST
DRYER
WET
DISTILLERS
CO-PRODUCT
Abengoa Bioenergia
HUSKY
DRY
ANIMAL
FEED
TO GRID
TO PLANT
GAS
EXHAUST
TURBOGENERATOR
HRSG
EXHAUST
DRYER
H.P. STEAM
TO REFINERY
WET
DISTILLERS
CO-PRODUCT
HUSKY
H.P. STEAM
REFINERY
FROM
HRSG
EXHAUST
STEAM
H.P. STEAM
ETHANOL
PLANT
Husky Oil
Lloydminster, Saskatchewan, Canada
Carbery
BOILER
STEAM
METHANE
CHEESE
PROCESSING
WASTE
DIGESTER
LACTOSE
STILLAGE
ETHANOL
PLANT
Carbery - Ireland
Thank You