Name:

Date:

Section:
6th Concept Review Guide for Periodic 1

Define the following words.

1. Convection

The circular movement that results from hotter material rising

and cooler material sinking.

2. Fault

A fracture in Earths crust where lithospheric plates move

relative to each other.

3.
Plate
boundary

A place where two plates meet.

4. Plates

Lithosphere broken into giant pieces.

5. Volcano

A crack in the Earths crust through which magma comes to

the surface.

6. Grains

Pieces of minerals or other rocks that give a rock its texture.

7. Igneous rock

Rock that forms from magma or lava cooling.

8.
Metamorphic
rock

Rock formed from extreme heat and pressure.

9. Sedimentary
Rock

Forms from deposited sediment that piles up and solidifies.

10. Rock

Is a natural solid often composed of one or more minerals.

11. Rock cycle

Is the series of processes during which rocks continuously

change from one form to another.

12.
Organic
matter

A material that comes from living things.

13. Extinct

No longer living

14. Fossil

The remains or trace of an organism that is extinct.

15.
time

The time of the formation and development of Earth.

Geologic

16. Geologic
time scale

A chart that scientists use to organize the history of the Earth.

17. What are the layers of the interior earth? Describe each layer.

Crust is the thinnest outermost later of the Earth made up of rigid rock. There is
continental and oceanic crust.
Mantle is the thickest layer of the Earth under the crust. It is made up of an upper
and lower mantle.
Core is the innermost layer of the Earth made up of nickel and iron. The outer core
is liquid and the inner core is solid.

18. What is the difference between magma and lava?

Magma is molten material
beneath the Earths surface and lava is molten material on Earths surface.

19. What is an index fossil? What story do they tell about the surrounding rock?
An index fossil is the fossil of an organism that lived in many locations at a specific
time. It can help determine the relative age of rock layers.

20. What is the difference between Intrusive and Extrusive igneous rock? How are
they the same?
Igneous rock is formed from the cooling of magma and lava. Intrusive is magma
cooling under earths surface. Extrusive is lava cooling above the surface.

21. What are the 3 parts of the mantle?

Lithosphere, asthenosphere, and the lower mantle

22. Divergent boundaries can create ______________rift valleys __________ on land, or

a
___mid-oceanic ridge__________ in the ocean.

23. Complete the sentence: Metamorphic rocks are classified according to the way
the grains line up.
24. Explain how the Himalayan Mountains were formed. What type of boundary
caused this?
Answer: Two continental plates push against each other and they fold because
neither is dense enough to subduct. The Himalayan mountains formed from two
convergent continental plates, the Eurasian and Indian plates.

25. How are islands formed from magma?

Volcanoes on the ocean floor grow large enough to emerge from (come up from)
under the water as islands.

26. The density of Earths layers ___Increase

going from crust to core.

27. Explain the process of how coal is formed. Which rock group does coal fit into?
Coal is a sedimentary rock which formed millions of years ago from the remains of
plants that died and accumulated on the floor of swamps.
28. How does a compass work? Draw a compass rose.

A compass detects the Earths

magnetic field. A compass has a freely
rotating needle which responds to the
force of Earths magnetic field.

Compass Rose

29. The planet Earth is __4.6 Billion___years old!!!!!!

30. Fill in the chart below with the process it takes to create the type of rock.
Type of Rock
Sediment
Sedimentary Rock
Magma
Igneous Rock
Metamorphic Rock

Process
Weathering and erosion
Deposition, Compaction, and cementation
melting
Cooling of magma or lava
Heat and pressure