RHYTHM AND MOVEMENT

Nature No. of beat

WHOLE NOTE 4

HALF NOTE 2

QUARTER NOTE 1

EIGHT NOTE

SIXTEENTH NOTE
RHYTHM is the flow of music through time.
BEAT a regular recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time.
METER the organization of beats into regular groups
Kinds of METER
Simple Meter the organization of beats into regular groups
Compound Meter a division in which the fundamental pulses subdivide into
groups of three, six, twelve, etc.
Polymeter
Lets start with the MUSICAL ELEMENTS
Polymeter a double meter which indicates that two meters are combined or
there are constant change From one meter to the other back and both.
TIME SIGNATURE consists of two numbers where the upper number tells the number
of beat in a measure and the lower number tells the kind of note to receive one (1)
beat.
1-212121-231123322
24
46
8 12-3-4 1 - 2 3 -4 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 4 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 1 5 - 6 3 - 4 1 - 2 12-3-4 5 - 6 2
41-212123
41-23112332

RHYTHMIC PATTERN the division of beats into patterns of sound. TWINKLE

,TWINKLE Z DA DA DA DA DA DA DI DI AH TWIN - KLE TWIN - KLE LIT - TLE S - TAR
TWIN KLE TWIN KLE LIT- - TLE STAR Z
SYNCOPATION a musical process that involves adding an unexpected element to
the basic beat of a musical composition The second And the last note are accented
ACCENT stress or added emphasis given to a note
MELODY A series of single notes that add up to a recognizable whole.
The melodic directions of movement are going up, going down repeatedly.
PITCH the highness or lowness of a sound KEY SIGNATURE consists of sharps and
flats # b KEY OF G
KEY OF F SCALE the group of musical notes collected in ascending and descending
order. DO DO RE MI FA SOL LA TI D C E F G A B C
THE MOVABLE DO the movement of Do as it is read through its key signature Key
Signature No. Of Sharp/flat placement of DO
KEY OF G - 1 #/ 6 flats second line
KEY OF D 2 #s/ 5 flats space below the staf
KEY OF A 3 #s/ 4 flats second space
KEY OF E 4 #s/ 3 flats first line
KEY OF B 5 #s/ 2 flats third line
KEY OF F 6 #s/ 1 flat first space NOTE:
Key of C has no # nor Flat
TEMPO rate or speed of music Andante - moderately slow
Allegro - fast
Moderato - moderate
Lento - slow
Vivace - lively
Presto - fast
Accelerando gradually becoming faster
Ritardando gradually becoming slower DYNAMICS
the loudness and softness in music Fortissimo(f)very loud
Pianissimo(pp)very soft

Mezzo Piano(mp)half soft

Mezzo Forte(mf)half loud
Piano(P)soft
Forte(F)loud
Crescendo gradually becoming louder
Decrescendo gradually becoming softer
FORM the structure or framework of a composition
Tone - smallest unit of a composition
Figure - smallest characteristic group of a tone Motive - a tone group which may be
identified with a particular composition
Phrase - is a succession of tones arranged in such a way as to give a musical
thought
Period - a complete musical thought consisting of two phrases in question and
answer Unitary - consist of one part
Binary - consist of two parts
Ternary - consist of three parts
Rondo - consists of more that three parts TIMBRE qualifying diference between one
tone and another. Soprano - the highest female voice
Coloratura Soprano
Mezzo Soprano
Alto - lowest female voice
Tenor -highest male voice
Barritone - male middle tone voice
Bass - lowest male voice
TEXTURE the relationship of melodies and harmonic elements in music.
Monophonic - single unaccompanied melodic line
Polyphonic - consist of two or more melodic line
Homophonic - one main melody accompanied by chords. HARMONY the
simultaneous sounding of a group of tones.
Triad - consists of three notes: the root, 3rd and 5th
Chord - a musical sonority consisting of three or more tones sounded
simultaneously

ARTS
DEFINITION OF TERMS :
Painting refers to the application of color, pigment, or paint to a surface or
support. Sculpture a three- dimentional art work which may be made through
diferent processes, such as carving, modeling, assembling, or casting.
Architecture the art and science of designing and constructing buildings and
other environmental features.
ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS

Line the basic of all elements. It is an identifiable path by a moving point

Shape shapes and forms are figures which define objects in a space.
Value a relative degree of lightness or darkness in anything that is visible
Color it is the product of light reflected of objects. THE COLOR WHEEL
PRIMARY COLOR PRIMARY COLOR PRIMARY COLOR B + R B + Y Y + R Y + R
The COLOR Harmony
Monochromatic the use of single color shade

Triad three colors that form an equilateral triangle in color wheel

Complementary any two opposite colors on the color wheel Analogous 3-4
nieghboring colors with one color in a mixture
Properties of Color

HUE identity or the quality by which we distinguish colors.

COOL COLORS colors which possesses dominance of blue
WARM COLORS colors which possesses dominance in red or yellow.
Texture refers to surface characteristics it maybe rough, smooth, glossy,
coarse, irregular etc. Refers to the area in which an artist arranges elements
in a composition.

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

Balance - the idea of visual equilibrium which gives an impression of stability

or instably.

Proportion (scale) - refers to the size relationships of one part to another and
of the parts to the whole

Rhythm a visual rhythm is characterized by the repetition or alternation of

elements.

Emphasis and Subordination- to draw attention to certain parts of a

composition.

Unity refers to the coherence of the elements of a work to the whole

THE VISUAL ARTS PAINTING

ARCHITECTURE SCULPTURE MEDIUMS AND STYLE
Early mediums in Painting

Encaustic mixture of pigment, bee wax and resin

Fresco pigment mixed with water and applied to thin layers of either dry or
wet plaster
Tempera a fast- drying medium which is pigment mixed with a glutinous
material.
Contemporary Painting Oil Paint consists of pigment mixed with oil
Water color consits of pigment combined with water and gum arabic
Acrylic a quick drying synthetic medium with emulsion as it binder.
Realism a naturalistic approach to subject matter
Expressionism a style that centers on the expression of inner emotions.
Abstract non- representational or non-figurative imagery.

Dada or Dadaism an aggressive reaction against conventional art

STYLES/MOVEMENTS IN WESTERN ART Surrealism an art movement where artist
gathered inspiration from the depths of the subconscious mind.
Pop Art an art movement which is centered on, or inspired from familiar images of
popular culture, such as advertisements, comics, and commercial products.
Social Realism an art movement which portrays social and racial injustice and
economic hardship, marked by its realistic depiction of social problems. OTHER
RELATED VISUAL ARTS Mosaic small pieces of colored stone or glass glued on the
surface
Tapestry fabrics with colored designs which are woven in a pattern.
Printmaking creation of a picture or design by printing from a plate that holds ink
or color.
Photography the art of creating pictures by recording light into a sensitive medium
such as film. SCULPTURE Mediums used in Sculpture Wood, metal, stone, granite,
marble, wood, jade, ivory, brass, gold, lead, aluminum glass, clay, plastic, bronze
and others. Modeling process of creating a form through altering the figure of a
medium such as clay
Molding and Casting a complex process of creating a negative and positive replica
from a model.

Assemblage putting together found objects. Processes/Techniques used in

Sculpture
ADDITIVE Welding the process of joining metals
Moblie kinetic or moving sculpture
Pottery process of shaping a material to produce earthenware, stoneware, or
porcelain
Subtractive Carving cutting away pieces of material until the desired form is
reached.
Architecture Modeling process of creating a form through altering the figure of a
medium such as clay
Molding and Casting a complex process of creating a negative and positive replica
from a model.
Assemblage putting together found objects. We need to decide whether or not to
follow the examples of those who were ahead of us and go our own way or make
a stand and do the right thing by aligning our thoughts and action with the Truth
ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE Early Egyptian Architecture created and curved on the
rock/ sides of mountain.... ANCIENT EGYPTIAN
ARCHITECTURE THE TEMPLE OF HORUS AT EDFU EGYPTIAN COLUMNS
AND CAPITALS PYRAMID OF GIZA The pyramids, which were built in the Fourth
Dynasty, testify to the power of the pharaonic religion and state. They were built to
serve both as grave sites and also as a way to make their names last forever. The
size and simple design show the high skill level of Egyptian design and engineering
on a large scale. The Great Pyramid of Giza, which was probably completed c. 2580
BC, is the oldest and largest of the pyramids, and is the only surviving monument of
the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The pyramid of Khafre is believed to have
been completed around 2532 BC, at the end of Khafre's reign. Khafre ambitiously
placed his pyramid next to his fathers. It is not as tall as his father's pyramid but he
was able to give it the impression of appearing taller by building it on a site with a
foundation 33 feet higher than his father's. Along with building his pyramid, Chefren
commissioned the building of the giant Sphinx as guardian over his tomb. The face
of a human, possibly a depiction of the pharaoh, on a lion's body was seen as a
symbol of divinity among the Greeks fifteen hundred years later. The Great Sphinx is
carved out of huge blocks of sandstone and stands about sixty-five feet tall.
Menkaure's pyramid dates to circa 2490 BC and stands 213 feet high making it the
smallest of the Great Pyramids. The Luxor Temple is a huge ancient Egyptian temple
complex located on the east bank of the River Nile in the city today known as Luxor
(ancient Thebes). Construction work on the temple began during the reign of
Amenhotep III in the 14th century BC. Horemheb and Tutankhamun added columns,
statues, and friezes and Akhenaten had earlier obliterated his father's cartouches
and installed a shrine to the Aten but the only major expansion efort took place
under Ramesses II some 100 years after the first stones were put in place. Luxor is

thus unique among the main Egyptian temple complexes in having only two
pharaohs leave their mark on its architectural structure. MESOPOTAMIAN
ARCHITECTURE Historical background
In Mesopotamia (a term coined by ancient Greek historians. Literally in Greek [the
country] between the two rivers; Mesos-middle, Potamos-River) which is located in
the fertile land between the Tigris and Euphrates, Iraq today, the world's ancient
civilizations were born. In a region where the biblical Garden of Eden (Genesis, 2 815) is found, a rich culture has developed. Even before 3100 BCE the Sumerians
invented the cuneiform script (cuneiform Symbols carved on tablets of soft
material), a practical method of writing that brought a revolution in the media,
followed by economic, spiritual, and cultural progress. Cuneiform was first
Pictographic, and gradually developed into signs representing syllables - the
alphabetic scripts from which derived all the alphabetic scripts customary today,
including Hebrew, Arabic, Greek, Latin and Cyrillic. ZIGGURAT IN IRAQ DORIC
TEMPLE GREEK AND ROMAN
ARCHITECTURES The creation of temples was an important development in Greek
religion. These temples were special buildings designed not only for sacred rituals,
but also as a sacred space separate from the rest of the polis. Belonging to the
entire community rather than any one person or family, it became the abode of a
deity with whom people entered into a social, political, and personal relationship.
DORIC COLUMN Tablature were made with the statues of Gods Temple athena
Athens Greece CORINTHIAN ORDER AND TABLATEURE IONIC ORDER AND
TABLATEURE DORIC ORDER AND TABLATEURE IONIC BASE IONIC CORNICE
AND TABLATEURE IONIC COLUMN IONIC CAPITAL THE TEMPLE OF MINERVA POLIAS
IONIC ENTABLATURE IONIC ORDER DORIC ORDER CORINTHIAN ORDER CORINTHIAN
CAPITAL WITH ENTABLATURE REMEMBER..... MODERN ARCHITECTURE WITH
CORINTHIAN INSPIRED Neoclassical
Architecture Milan covers the north Italian city's main artistic movement in the
second half of the 18th and the first half of the 19th century. From the final years of
the reign of Maria Theresa of Austria, through the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy and
the European Restoration, Milan was in the forefront of a strong cultural and
economic renaissance in which Neoclassicism was the dominant style, making
Milanese Neoclassical developments among the most important in Italy and across
Europe. MILWAUKEE MUSEUM