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33-hour Chick: Whole Mount

primary brain vesicles are already present


fundamental regions of the heart have already formed

Prosencephalon

most anterior brain region

later divides into telencephalon (anterior) and


diencephalon (posterior)
o both
further
divide
into
cerebral
hemispheres, thalamus, hypothalamus, and
optic vesicles
Prosocoel

cavity of the prosencephalon

will become ventricles I to III


Optic Vesicle

paired lateral invaginations


prosencephalon

opticoel - cavity of vesicle

on

each

side

of

Infundibulum

ventral evagination on the floor of the diencephalon

forms the posterior lobe of pituitary gland


Mesencephalon

midregion of the brain

cavity: mesocoel
o fate of mesocoel is the aqueduct of Sylvius or
the cerebral aqueduct
Metencephalon

anterior portion of hindbrain

cavity: metacoel
o metacoel is part of the IV ventricle
Myelencephalon

posterior portion of hindbrain

cavity: myelocoel
o myelocoel is part of the IV ventricle
Spinal Cord

neural tube posterior to the hindbrain

cavity: central or spinal cord

Somites

11-12 pairs are present


Anterior Intestinal Portal

opening of the foregut

as development progresses and the gut elongates, this


opening will move to the posterior

will also eventually be part of the yolk stalk


Heart

single, tubular, S-shaped organ


at right side of the body

Area pellucida

same as 24-hour chick


Area vitellina

same as 24-hour chick


Area opaca vasculosa

Sinus terminalis
o vein that encircles the area vasculosa
o gives rise to terminal blood vessel of vitelline
circulation
o

Blood islands
o masses of splanchnic mesoderm
o found in gut wall of amphibians and yolk sac
of amniotes
o form red blood cells and blood vessels
Proamnion

region that is anterior to the developing avian embryo

surrounds the head

contains endoderm and ectoderm

will be invaded with mesoderm and become


incorporated into the amnion
Subcephalic pocket

cavity beneath the embryonic head as the head


develops

Sinus Rhomboidalis

rhomboid-shaped region located on the caudal part of


the embryo

this is the location of where the primitive pit and


Hensens node are enclosed by unfused neural folds
Notochord

rod-like structure that is dorsal to the gut

origin: mesoderm

function: defines anterior/posterior axis and provides


skeletal support for embryo
Nephrotome

stalk-like connection between somites and lateral


plate mesoderm

forms the pronephros (anterior) and mesenchyme


(posterior)
o mesenchyme will further differentiate into
mesonephros and metanephros

33-hour Chick: Transverse Section


Level of Optic Nerve
Optic Vesicles

lateral bulges of prosencephalon

forerunners of the portions of the eyes

will induce the head ectoderm to thicken, invaginate,


and form the lens vesicles

cavity: opticoel
Proamnion

region below the head fold

consists of ectoderm underlain with a layer of


endoderm

will eventually be overgrown and disappear

Section through Oral Plate

Prosencephalon

forebrain that consists of median vesicle and a lateral


outpocket on each side

cavity: prosocoel

Foregut

smile-shaped cavity

ventral to notochord

walls are derived from endoderm

middle portion of the foreguts floor is slightly


thickened

Anterior neuropore

median cleft at anterior tip of neural tube

presence of this opening means the neural folds have


not fused yet
Lens Placode

thickening of head ectoderm that surrounds the optic


vessel

forerunner of eye lenses


Infundibulum

shallow depression of prosencephalic floor

located at posterior border of optic vessels


Amniotic fold

fold of somatopleure

arise at the head region, the sides, and the caudal end

fusion of amniotic folds will give rise to amnion


(inner) and chorion (outer)
Yolk sac

extra embryonic membrane

encloses and absorbs yolk of amniote embryos

endoderm + splanchnic mesoderm (splanchnopleure)


Other structures to be noted (description in 24-hour chick)

Head ectoderm

Mesenchyme

Neural Crest

Subcephalic pocket

Area pellucida

Coelom

Area Vasculosa

Notochord

ventral to mesencephalon

mesoderm derived

Oral Plate

thickened area formed by the ventral ectoderm and


the adjacent endodermal evagination of pharynx

ventral to the foregut

will form the mouth when it perforates


Subcephalic Space
Extraembryonic germ layers

below the head fold

Mesencephalon

oval-shaped brain vesicle

posterior to prosencephalon
Anterior cardinal veins

paired blood vessels at the lateral sides of the


mesencephalon
Pharynx

region of foregut at this level


Dorsal Aorta

large, paired blood vessels

dorsal to the pharynx


Stomodeum

shallow midventral depression in the ectoderm

forerunner of buccal cavity


Ventra Aorta

small paired blood vessels

located below the pharynx

one is at each side of a median depression in the floor


of the foregut
First Aortic Arches

connects the dorsal aorta with the ventral aorta

can be seen at the anterolateral region of the foregut

Neural Crest

cells found at the edges of the neural plate and above


the neural tube

will form ganglia, pigment cells, and parts of the gills


Thyroid Gland

endocrine gland that functions for control of


metabolism and growth

from ventral endoderm of pharynx

seen as a thickened shallow depression of the foregut


at the region of the dorsal mesocardium
Section at the level of the Heart: Posterior Sections
Atrium

posterior level of the heart

located now at the middle of the pericardial cavity

becomes the future auricles


Sinus venosus

caudal continuation of the atrium

dorsoventrally flattened tube in the midline


Section at the level of the Heart: Anterior Section
Ventral Aortae

fusion of ventral aorta from earlier

now a median, unpaired vessel


Bulbus arteriosus

anterior chamber of heart embryo

connects ventricle to the ventral aorta


Epimyocardium

outer, thicker layer of heart rudiment

arises from splanchnic mesoderm

fuses with the endocardium to form the hearts wall

will give rise to: epicardium (outer covering of the


heart) and myocardium (cardiac musculature)

Anterior Intestinal Portal

ventral opening of the gut into the yolk

future midgut
Vitelline veins

paired, large vessels that enter the atrium via sinus


venosus

at the caudal sections, these vessels will rise at the


lateral part of the blastoderm
Anterior cardinal veins

pair of small blood vessels above the dorsal aortae

also lies adjacent to the rhombencephalon

Isthmus

broad connection between heart and foregut

synonymous to dorsal mesocardium


rhombencephalon by the
time na mag-heart na

Section at the level of the Heart: Through the


Ventricle
Ventricle

bends to one side of the coelom

narrower dorsal mesocardium


Rhombencephalon

posterior part of brain

level of future ventricle

possesses a thick wall


Auditory Pits

ectodermal thickenings at hindbrain level

forerunners to the inner ears

syn: auditory placodes

Section through the Sinus Rhomboidalis


Neural Tube

neural groove has opened


Hensens node

large mass of compactly arranged cells

displaces the notochordal tissue

Section through the Somites

Unsegmented mesoderm

somites are not yet divided at this section


Omphalomesenteric vein

it is located far out in the splanchnopleure

Spinal Cord

elongated with elliptical cavity


Notochord
Somites
Nephrotome

refer to the 24-hour chick


description for these structures

Hypomere
Dorsal Aortae

pair of large vessels between the endoderm and the


somites

at more caudal sections, they continue laterally into


the plexus of vessels -- emphalomesenteric arteries

pictures are from:


http://www.vcbio.science.ru.nl/images/embryology/c
hicken-33hrs-dorsal-longitudinal-patten.gif
http://nte-serveur.univlyon1.fr/nte/embryon/www.uoguelph.ca/zoology/devobio/33h
rchck/33ckintr.htm
https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/i
mages/thumb/7/72/Patten028.jpg/600px-Patten028.jpg

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