26/09/2016

SIFAT-SIFAT MEKANIK (MECHANICAL

PROPERTIES)

SIFAT-SIFAT ZAT PADAT

Stress
Strain
Modulus of elasticity
Tensile strength
Yield strength
Elongation (Ductility)
Hardness

Lukhi Mulia S

CONCEPTS OF STRESS AND STRAIN

Stress (tegangan) : perbandingan antara gaya terhadap luas
penampang benda
Simbol stress
Secara matematis dapat dituliskan :
=

CONCEPTS OF STRESS AND STRAIN

Strain (regangan) : Perbandingan antara pertambahan
panjang terhadap panjang mula-mula

F : besar gaya tekan/tarik (N)

A : luas penampang (m 2 )
: tegangan (N/m 2 )

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ELASTIC DEFORMATION
Deformation in which stress and strain are proportional
a plot of stress (ordinate) versus strain (abscissa) results in a
linear relationship, as shown in Figure 6.5

MODULUS OF ELASTICIT Y (YOUNGS

MODULUS)
Hookes law relationship between engineering stress and
engineering strain for elastic deformation (tension and
compression)
=

Figure 6.5 Schematic stressstrain

diagram showing linear
elastic deformation for loading and
unloading cycles

MODULUS OF ELASTICIT Y (YOUNGS

MODULUS)

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STRENGTH (KEKUATAN)

STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM

Strength : tegangan maksimal yang dapat ditahan oleh bahan

Yield strength (kekuatan luluh), terjadi pada titik dimana
bahan mulai mengalami deformasi plastik (tidak dapat
kembali ke panjang asal)
Tensile strength, T S : kekuatan tarik maksimum
Deformasi plastik terjadi setelah bahan terkena tegangan
yang melebihi kekuatan luluh
Fracture terjadi setelah bahan terkena tegangan yang melebhi
TS

Figure 6.11 Typical engineering stressstrain behavior to fracture, point F. The tensile strength
TS is indicated at point M. The circular insets represent the geometry of the deformed specimen at various
points along the curve

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DUCTILIT Y

Figure 6.13 Schematic representations of tensile stressstrain behavior for brittle and ductile materials loaded to
fracture

DUCTILIT Y
Ductility dapat dinyatakan sebagai persen perpanjangan bahan
atau persen pengurangan luas

l f = the fracture length (panjang ketika patah)

l 0 = the original gauge length (panjang mula-mula)
%EL = percent elongation (% perpanjangan )
Percent reduction in area % RA

A 0 = the original cross-sectional area (luas mula-mula)

A f = the cross-sectional area at the point of fracture (luas ketika
patah)
Bahan dikatakan brittle jika %EL < 5%

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QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS

1)

A specimen of copper having a rectangular cross section

15.2 mm x 19.1 mm (0.60 in. 0.75 in.) is pulled in tension
with 44,500 N (10,000 lb ) force, producing only elastic
deformation. Calculate the resulting strain.
2) An aluminum bar 125 mm (5.0 in.) long and having a square
cross section 16.5 mm (0.65 in .) on an edge is pulled in
tension with a load of 66,700 N (15,000 lb f ), and
experiences an elongation of 0.43 mm (1.7 x 10 -2 in.).
Assumingthat the deformation is entirely elastic, calculate
the modulus of elasticity of the aluminum.