Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
K
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Ahmed M. EL-Kholy
Copyright
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SAP ???-K
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Or
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Etabs
???
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Ahmed M ELKholy
Important Brief
Introduction ly
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to -K
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Finite Element
Method
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FEM
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A Element Analysis
Finite
FEA
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Ahmed M ELKholy
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Ahmed M ELKholy
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Ahmed M ELKholy
y
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K
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Ahmed M ELKholy
y
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K
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Ahmed M ELKholy
K
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SAP
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Ahmed M ELKholy
Important Briefoly
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Introduction
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Area Sections
..Define Section PropertiesArea Sections
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Sign Convention
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22
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Positive M3 & V2
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Positive M2 & V3
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Degrees of. EFreedom
..Analyze Set
Analysis Options
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Degrees of Freedom
..Analyze Set Analysis Options
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---
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2D Frame XZ Plane
2D Frame XY Plane
3D Frame
3D Truss
2D Truss XZ Plane
XY Slab (Vertical Loads)
XY Slab (Vertical & Horizontal Loads)
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Uy
Uz
Rx
Ry
Rz
---
------
---
------
------
---
------
---
---------
29
29
E
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..Define Load
Patterns
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..Define
Load Cases
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..Define Load Combinations
A
30
Load Case
Load Combination
OW
Dead=OW+Flooring+Wall Weight
Flooring
Work=Dead+Live
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Wall Weight
Live
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Wind
EQ-Static
Temperature
EQ-Dynamic
Buckling
Moving Load
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Load
oh Pattern
1
Liner or Non-Linear
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Ult=1.4Dead+1.6Live
Follow Chapter 3
in ECP-RC
.
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....
...
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33
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Research
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3n
90%
ECL 2012
item: 8-4-2-6
35
35
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UBC: 9.81
..Define
Functions
Response Spectrum
36
36
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..Define
Functions
Response Spectrum
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Steps L
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Buildingd M
a SAP Model
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Units
New Model
Available DOF
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Alternative 2
4* Draw the Structure
Slide 31~38
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Slide 29
Slide 8
5* Define.
5\* Assign Sections
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40
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Step 2L
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Newd M
Model
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Slide 27
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42
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Step 4*-K
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Draw the. Model
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Drawing
Tools
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45
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46
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View Direction Angle options: Set these three angles to determine the
orientation of the view. These angles can be thought of as describing the
location of your eye, looking toward the origin
E
.
Plan angle: Your location in the X-Y plane, where zero is on the positive X
axis, and 90 is on the positive Y axis
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Elevation angle: Your location above or below the X-Y plane, where zero is
on the X-Y plane, and 90 is on the positive Z axis
Aperture angle: A measure of how strong the perspective effect is, or how
far away you are from the origin. Zero indicates that you are infinitely far
away, and all receding lines are parallel (no perspective). A value between
30 and 60 is usually adequate
47
47
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3m
3m
Z
Y
4m
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4m
X
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48
Y
3
Z USER
1
Y
Drawing a Frame
Type
LINE
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Name XI YI ZI XJ YJ ZJ
1
3 5 0 7 5 0
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Drawing an Area
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7m
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7m
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X
9m
2.5 m
50
50
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Joint Constraints
-K
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..Define Joint
Constraints
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..Assign
Joint Constraints
m
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A
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Joint Constraints
..Define/Assign Joint Constraints..
Body
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Equal
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52
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Definition
of
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Non Prismatic
Section
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Nonprismatic Section
..Define..Section Properties..Frame..Add New..Other..Nonprismatic
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Nonprismatic Section
..Define..Section Properties..Frame..Add New..Other..Nonprismatic
y
l
A linear variation in t2 for the rectangular
shape
o
h
would require eivar33=1
K
A linear variation in t3 for the
rectangular shape
L
would require eivar33=3. E
A linear variation inM
t3 for the I- shape would re
d
e
quire eivar33=2m
h
The interpolation
of the bending stiffness in the 1A
2 plane, i22 e1, is defined in the same manner
by the parameter eivar22
55
55
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Frame Intersection
Point
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Cardinal
Point
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57
Intersection Point
..Assign..Frame..Intersection Point
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58
Intersection Point
..Assign..Frame..Intersection Point
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Intersection Point
..Assign..Frame..Intersection Point
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59
Intersection Point
..Assign..Frame..Intersection Point
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Cardinal Point
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60
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Frame End
. Offset
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End Offset
..Assign..Frame..End Offset
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Examples
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Example 1
Truss-Frame
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V2
D1
B1
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T2
T1
B2
B3
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Steel 37
All truss members are 2Ls 80x80x8
All frame members are HEA 360
DL, LL, WLL, WLR
X Special Names for chord, vertical & diagonal members
hm
0.15 t/m
6m
0.24 t/m
1.5 1.0
PD=2 t
PW=0.3 t PL=1 t
10x2.00=20.00 m
64
Example 2
RC-Beam
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DL 1.25 t/m
LL 0.50 t/m
DL 1.00 t/m
LL 0.40 t/m
DL 3.0 t
LL 1.2 t
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X
1
hm
1.0 1.0
2.5
3.5
2.5
4.5
60 cm
25 cm
3
1.0
Example 3
Frame Verification
M
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Modifiers
Using Two different alternatives
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66
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69
Example 4
Beam under Temperature
2
A
3
X
10 inch
hm
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Mater1
E=29000 k/in2
=0.000065 /F
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60 F
Example 4
Beam under Temperature
Z
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B
A
X
E
Case
A
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Load Case MU
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A
1
2
3
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Ux=0.0013
Ux=0.00065
Uz=-0.0065
Case B
F
Fx=-22.62
Fx=-11.31
Fz=2.545
71
DL
Example 5
Frame under different loads and temperature LL
WL
+Settlement + Inclined Support
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Utemp
NUTemp
4m
A
1m
3m
Sec. 1
Sec. 2
90 cm
60 cm
30 cm
Sec. 3
DL 3.0 t
LL 1.2 t
Sec. 2
M
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2
hm
E
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30 cm
30 cm
K
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125 cm
3m
Sec. 3
Sec. 2
Sec. 3
3m
3m
2m
72
Example 5
Frame under different loads and temperature
+Settlement + Inclined Support
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1-DL Case
2-LL Case
3-WL Case
4-Utemp Case :: Uniform Increase 20 C
E
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25 cm
30 C
2
3
hm
90 cm
25 cm
2
30 C
125 cm
25 cm
60 cm
M
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30 C
3
Example 5
Frame under different loads and temperature
+Settlement + Inclined Support
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74
Cartesian 2-2-1-20-8-
Cylindrical 2-41-1-14.5-4.5- & Origin=P
Replicate Radial
Example 6
Arch
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10
R2=102+(R-4)2
R-4
8m
4m
3 t/m
Y
X
20.00 m
P=(0,-2.5,0)
75
Example 6
Arch
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76
Example 6
Arch
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77
Example 7
Prestress Beam Using Tendon Element
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Flat Slab
L
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Example
M
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79
hm
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H/2
H/2
K
L
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80
ts=15 cm.
ts=L/32 for edge spans.
ts=L/36 for internal spans.
bc=1/20 span.
bc=30 cm.
bc=1/15 floor height.
Edge beam depth 3ts
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81
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82
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83
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Fcu=300 Kg/cm2
Slab 22 cm Isotropic == Material angle=0
Beam B25X70
Patterns: OW, Flooring, Wall& LL
Cases: Patterns & DL
Combinations: Work & Ultimate
Flooring=250 Kg/m2 & Walls=350 Kg/m2
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85
hm
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K
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Isotropic
86
K
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X Spacing
1.82,3.87,2.87,1.63,1.63,2.87,3.87,1.82
hm
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Y Spacing
3.38,2.74,1.5,1.31,2.25,1.31,1.5,2.68,3.44
87
hm
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K
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88
hm
M
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K
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.
89
hm
M
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K
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E
.
90
hm
M
ed
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K
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E
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91
hm
M
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K
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92
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Check Punching
1.
2.
3.
4.
hm
K
L
E
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93
y
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1. D+L+Creep L/250
2. D+L+Creep L/480
K
L
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
E
.
L L/360
L?
: from SAP or MM/EI
Ie must be used for estimating
Ie= (Mcr/Ma)3Ig+(1-(Mcr/Ma)3)Ic
SAP modifier= Ie/Ig
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94
Project No.
DESIGN CALCULATION
SHEET
Date
Sheet No.
of
Computed by
Checked by
y
l
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Subject
Batool
--
Approved by
_
Building
=
=
=
Span (l)
Nutral Axis Depth (z)
Gross Moment of Inertia (Ig)
Cracked Moment of Inertial (Icr)
Cracking Moment (Mcr)
=
=
=
=
=
300.00 Kg/cm2
3.40 MPa
2.6E+04 MPa
7.77
K
L
=
30.00 MPa
E
.
32.00 cm
100.00 cm
14.00 cm2
10.00 m
7.06 cm
273066.67 cm4
80276.33 cm4
5.80E+07 N mm
M
ed
hm
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
5.40
2.66
2.73E+09
8.03E+08
5.80
(Eq. 9-9)
(Clause 8.5.1)
(Clause 8.5.2)
=
=
=
32.00 cm
3.00 cm
8.00 cm2
mm
4
mm
m. t
m.t
m.t
=
=
5.4E+07 N. mm
2.7E+07 N. mm
50%
100%
6.73 m.t
6.7E+07 N. mm
(Eq. 9-8)
95
=
=
=
=
=
=
273066.67 cm
203400.45 cm4
151953.891 cm4
=
=
=
=
0.3000
0.5169
0.8446
0.5446
M
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Results
y
l
oh
(Eq. 9-7)
cm
cm
cm
cm
2.73E+09 mm
2.03E+09 mm4
1.52E+09 mm4
4
E
.
K
L
=
=
(Clause 9.5.2.5)
0.64321 cm
0.45944 cm
-- Flat roofs not supporting and not attached to nonstructural elements likely to be damaged by large defelections:
(i)l
=
< l/180 =
5.5556 cm
0.5446 cm
-- Floors not supporting and not attached to nonstructural elements likely to be damaged by large deflections:
(i)l
=
< l/360 =
2.7778 cm
0.5446 cm
-- Roof or floor construction supporting or attached to nonstructural elements likely to be damaged by
large deflections:
(long) + (i)l =
< l/480 = 2.08333 cm
1.4635 cm
-- Roof or floor construction supporting or attached to nonstructural elements not likely to be damaged by
large deflections:
(long) + (i)l = 1.4635 cm
< l/240 =
4.1667 cm
96
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K
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Reactions Slide 88
Constraint Column Joints
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97
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Complex Model
K
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E
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Addd to
Model
M
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from
A
98
Complex Examples
Edit.. Add to Model from Template
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99
Define, S-Doom
R 2.5, Z divisions 6
Origin 10.181, 12.586
Complex Examples
Edit.. Add to Model from Template
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100
Complex Examples
Edit.. Add to Model from Template
y
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K
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101
R 2.5, Z divisions 6
Origin 10.215, 7.527
Complex Examples
Edit.. Add to Model from Template
y
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K
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Complex Examples
Edit.. Add to Model from Template
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103
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Tanks
.
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104
Tanks
Problem
y
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Bearing
Capacity
=1.0 Kg/cm2
=10.0 ton/m2
M
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Y Z
K
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E
.
X
105
Tanks
Model
Grid
Quick Area
2
2
2
5 Areas
6
4
3
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K
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A
Assign Area .. Reverse local 3
+3 face out
106
Tanks
Model 0.5x0.5 m2
Edit Edit Areas
Divide Areas
(0.5x0.5 m2)
hm
M
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K
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107
Tanks
Define..J Patterns, ..AssignJoint Patterns
y
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oh
Define
Joint Patterns
Assign
Joint Patterns
M
ed
hm
Water Pressure=3-(1)Z
K
L
E
.
108
Tanks
Assign Area Loads Surface Pressure
y
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hm
M
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K
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E
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109
Tanks
Display Show LoadsAreaContours
y
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oh
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K
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E
.
110
Tanks
AssignJoints OR Area Springs
Alternative 1:: Area Springs
y
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K
L
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E
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111
Edge Joints
Tanks
AssignJoints OR Area Springs
y
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M
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K
L
E
.
Corner Joints
112
Tanks
Run.Unstable!!
M
ed
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K
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E
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113
Tanks
Deformed Shape
Uy
hm
M
ed
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E
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K
L
Ux
Uz
114
Tanks
Spring Forces
y
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K
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E
.
115
Tanks
Moments & RFT
y
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K
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E
.
116
Tanks
Check Bearing Capcity
hm
M
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K
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E
.
117
y
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E
RAFT
.
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K
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118
RAFT
Problem
Patterns
SDL
SEX
SEY
160 t
480 t
230 t
K
L
300 t
130 t
70 t
Cases 110 t
Patterns+
140 t
SEXN
SEYN
100 t
290 t
140 t
hm
Bearing
Capacity
=2.0 Kg/cm2
=20.0 ton/m2
M
ed
60 t
E
.
190 t
200 t
200 t
160 t
110 t
290 t
360 ton
Mx=My=1100 mt
410 t
y
l
oh
160 t
400 t
410 ton
Mx=My=1100 mt
60 t
140 t
240 t
280 t
180 t
130 t
t=110 cm
Fcu=300 Kg/cm2
85 t
119
RAFT
Patterns, Cases, Combinations, Design M
Patterns
SDL
SEX
SEY
Cases
Patterns+
SEXN
SEYN
Combinations
SDLEX
SDLEXN
SDLEY
SDLEYN
hm
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Design
SDL
SDLEX
SDLEXN
SDLEY
SDLEYN
E
.
120
Patterns
SDL
SEX
SEY
RAFT
Loads
y
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K
L
SEX
SDL
hm
M
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E
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SEY
121
y
l
o
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Brief Introduction
K
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E
to
.
M
d
e
ECL
2012
m
h
A
122
.
M
d
e
..
m
h
A .
123
y
l
oh
K
L
Etabs
M
ed
hm
E
.
124
Etabs
DXF
y
l
oh
K
L
hm
M
ed
E
.
125
Etabs
DXF
y
l
oh
hm
M
ed
K
L
E
.
126
2-Units
y
l
oh
hm
M
ed
K
L
E
.
Ton-m
127
Grid 9,10
3- New, edb
X Spacing
1.82,3.87,2.87,1.63,1.63,2.87,3.87,1.82
y
l
oh
Y Spacing
3.38,2.74,1.5,1.31,2.25,1.31,1.5,2.68,3.44
hm
M
ed
K
L
E
.
128
y
l
oh
M
ed
K
L
E
.
hm
One story
Similar stories
All
129
hm
M
ed
y
l
oh
K
L
E
.
130
y
l
oh
K
L
hm
M
ed
E
.
131
y
l
oh
beams.
Define-Frame
sections
(Add
Rectangular) .. Make C30x100, C40x90, B25x60,
B12x60
M
ed
K
L
E
.
hm
132
y
l
oh
hm
M
ed
K
L
E
.
133
y
l
oh
hm
M
ed
K
L
E
.
134
layer 0
Cad & Etabs
y
l
oh
K
L
E
.
135
M
ed
hm
y
l
oh
M
ed
hm
K
L
E
.
Assign-Shell/Area-Wall/Slab
136
y
l
oh
hm
M
ed
K
L
E
.
137
y
l
oh
hm
M
ed
K
L
E
.
138
y
l
oh
hm
M
ed
K
L
E
.
139
y
l
oh
Select the base points and then, Assign-jointsrestraints and choose fixed
hm
M
ed
K
L
E
.
140
y
l
oh
Menu: Define-diaphragm-D1,D2,D3,D4..D10
hm
M
ed
K
L
E
.
141
y
l
oh
hm
M
ed
K
L
E
.
142
y
l
oh
hm
M
ed
K
L
E
.
143
y
l
oh
hm
M
ed
E
.
K
L
..Two Alternatives
meshed
Correct
Not
meshed
Wrong
d
e
hm
1- Bad Alternative
Edit Mesh Areas .
.
M
y
l
2-Better Alternative
o
h
AssignShell/Area
K Mesh Options
Area Object
L
E
meshed
Correct
meshed
Correct
145
OW
Dead
SID
Dead
LN
Live
LG
Live
LGT
Live
EXA Quake
Comment
y
l
oh
Own Wight
K
L
Flooring+Walls+.
M
ed
hm
Auto Lateral
Loads
E
.
User Loads
EXB Quake
User Loads
EYA Quake
User Loads
EYB Quake
User Loads
146
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Combination
SD
SL
SDL
UD
UDL
UDLEXA
UDLEXAN
UDLEXB
UDLEXBN
UDLEYA
UDLEYAN
UDLEYB
UDLEYBN
UDEXA
UDEXAN
UDEXB
UDEXBN
UDEYA
UDEYAN
UDEYB
UDEYBN
Equation
OW+SID
LN+LG+LGT
OW+SID+LN+LG+LGT
0.9OW+0.9SID
1.4(OW+SID)+1.6(LN+LG+LGT)
1.12SD+ SL+EXA
1.12SD+ SL-EXA
1.12SD+ SL+EXB
1.12SD+ SL-EXB
1.12SD+ SL+EYA
1.12SD+ SL-EYA
1.12SD+ SL+EYB
1.12SD+ SL-EYB
0.9SD+EXA
0.9SD-EXA
0.9SD+EXB
0.9SD-EXB
0.9SD+EYA
0.9SD-EYA
0.9SD+EYB
0.9SD-EYB
hm
M
ed
E
.
K
L
y
l
oh
Equ
(3-5)
(3-5)
(3-9)
(3-9)
147
19-Load Combinations
Define..Load Combinations
22
23
24
25
Combination
UDLSpecX
UDLSpecY
UDSpecX
UDSpecY
Equation
1.12SD+ SL+SpecX
1.12SD+ SL+SpecY
0.9SD+SpecY
0.9SD+SpecY
K
L
y
l
oh
Comment
Ultimate Dead+Live+SpecX+ECC
Ultimate Dead+Live+SpecY+ECC
Ultimate Dead+SpecX+ECC
Ultimate Dead+SpecY+ECC
E
Dynamic Load. Combinations
M
d
e
hm
A
Equ
(3-5)
(3-5)
(3-9)
(3-9)
148
hm
M
ed
y
l
oh
K
L
E
.
149
hm
M
ed
y
l
oh
K
L
E
.
150
hm
M
ed
y
l
oh
K
L
E
.
151
y
l
oh
hm
M
ed
K
L
E
.
152
y
l
oh
hm
M
ed
K
L
E
.
Vdynamic
153
y
l
oh
hm
M
ed
Vstatic
K
L
E
.
y
l
oh
K
Scale Factor SpecX= ScaleL
Factor SpecX
E
.
0.85 V
M
d
*
e
V
hm
A
static X
dynamic X
155
y
l
oh
K
L
0.85 Vstatic Y
M
ed
E
.
Vdynamic Y
m
hRe-Run
A !!!
156
y
l
oh
M
ed
m
h
Item 8-7-3-3-1-5
A
ECL 2012
K
L
E
.
90%
157
y
l
oh
hm
M
ed
0.005
K
L
E
.
158
y
l
oh
hm
M
ed
K
L
E
.
159
y
l
Select Every Column and AssignFrame.Pier
oh Label
K Label
Select Every Wall and AssignArea.Pier
L
E
.
M
d
e
hm
A
160
y
l
oh
Etabs -K
.
M
L
E
d
e
Columns
Design
hm
A
161
Etabs
y
l
oh
K
L
E
.
Shear Walls
/
Cores
M
d
e
hm Design
A
162