CSI-SAKEC

Contents
JOURNEY SO FAR... Reviews of CSI-SAKEC events
PC assembly.......................................................................1
Photoshop ..........................................................................2
Apache, MySQL, PHP.........................................................2
Workshop on C/C++............................................................3
Virtual DJ.............................................................................3
Invent‘09..............................................................................4

TECHTAINMENT Invited Articles

1.Clustering Streaming Data...............................................5
-Prof. Uday Bhave
2.Structure from Stereo.......................................................8
-Prof. Jyoti Joglekar
3.Computer Animation.......................................................10
-Prof. Dhanashree Toradmale
4.Code‘Oh’Phobia.............................................................13
-Prof. Harshad Mande

Contributed Articles
1.How Google googles?....................................................15
-Sujay Narsale
2.Ethical Hacking...............................................................17
-Jugal Thakkar
3.Cloud Computing............................................................19
-Anilkumar Panda
-Dhaval Savla
4.Cryptography..................................................................21
-Rushabh Pasad

FACE TO FACE How to crack an interview................................................23

TECH-TRENDZ! Acquaint yourself with gizmos .........................................25

FUN-ZONE Check your Fun-Quotient.................................................27

WINNERS Winners of CSI Events.....................................................29

ANSWERZONE Help corner.......................................................................31

 CSI-SAKEC

Editspeak
The Editorial Team
Dear Readers,
ÆAishwarya
We feel privileged to be writing the editorial for the debut issue of
CACHE, the CSI-SAKEC magazine. What started as a simple suggestion
from one of the professors during the June 2009, AMP' event, has resulted
Neelakantan
in the release of the first edition of the of CSI-SAKEC magazine. Achieving
this has been no mean feat. This edition is the result of the hard work in ÆRidhi Maru
terms of creativity and research, put in by the editorial team through a
period of nearly eight months. ÆSujay Narsale
The tagline 'the knowledge repository' aptly describes the ÆTanvi Dedhia
magazine's content. It is our endeavour to bring to you the various
advancements in the fields of engineering, latest gizmos and events at our ÆTwinkle Savla
centre till date. The technical articles included in this issue have been
contributed by both professors and students from our college. It is our vision
to be the platform where the budding researchers at SAKEC can showcase
ÆVaibhavi Shah
their talent. In our future editions, we hope to serve as a medium, through
which our professors can share their experiences and research with their
students.
CACHE gives you a glimpse into the successful run of CSI-SAKEC
since its inception in 2007. The workshops like PC Assembly, Java and
competitions like Website Designing, help students build their technical
skils professionally. One such event worth mentioning is the CSI Regional
Convention, INVENT'09. CSI-SAKEC was a part of the collaborative effort
put in by eight other colleges in organizing this event of gigantic proportions.
Lastly, we would like to thank the entire support system behind
CSI-SAKEC, the management, the faculty, the lab assistants and other
non-teaching staff, as well as the SAKEC-students for extending their
valuable support, helping ”CSI-SAKEC” reach its current status and all
those people whose cumulative efforts have made this magazine possible.
Till next time.........!!
The Editorial Team,
CACHE
 CSI-SAKEC

From the
Trustee’s Desk
Mr M.L.Shah
Trustee & hon.Jt.secretary
Mahavir Education Trust

Congratulations to the CSI-SAKEC student chapter for bringing out

this quality debut magazine which highlights various activities of CSI-
SAKEC along with articles written on modern accomplishments in Computer
and Information Technology fields. Within a span of three years of its
emergence, the young and energetic team has various accomplishments to its
credit. It has conducted various workshops to give hands-on experience to
students, conducted seminars and technical competitions to improve the soft
skills of students and enhance the placement prospects of our students in the
present day competitive industrial environment. It has organized the CSI Regional
Convention, Invent'09 and is also a major collaborator in the forth coming
regional convention iDeate'10.
What is praiseworthy about CSI-SAKEC is that its programs are
managed by the students from conception to implementation, thereby
bringing out the innovation spirit, skill and development of the students.
I wish the CSI-SAKEC student community success in this debut
e-publication venture and hope that they would carry out new activities to
improve professional competence of our students.

i March 2010 CACHE

 CSI-SAKEC

From the desk of

The Director
Dr. M B Shah
B.E.(Mech), M.E.(Mech),
PhD

Dear Members,

On the eve of launching of CSI magazine by the members of CSI-SAKEC,

I heartily congratulate all the active members and wish them all the success.
I have been observing that CSI-SAKEC chapter has remained
reasonably active since its inception and has been conducting various co-curricular
programs, technical events , multimedia and so on which are useful to students in
practical life.
Launching of the magazine will provide the students an opportunity to
develop their skilsl in writing technical papers. I wish all the success to the CSI-SAKEC
magazine project.

From the desk of

The Principal
Dear students,
Dr. R.V.Karambelkar
B.E.(Elec), M.E.(Etrx & Tel),
I extend my hearty congratulation to CSI-SAKEC for reaching another
PhD
milestone during this academic year with CSI-SAKEC magazine. The long cherished
dream of providing a platform for students to be able to enhance their technical skills and
spread technical awareness has been realized only because of sheer hard work and
diligence of the students involved with the organization. I believe the magazine will act as a
catalyst in students towards technical reporting as well as research. I earnestly hope that e
the magazine will grow to reflect the spirit of SAKEC.

Under the banner of CSI-SAKEC, students have been successfully organizing

many activities including industrial visits, seminars and innovative technical
competitions. The student of today expected to be not only technically sound but also
complete professional. CSI-SAKEC is endeavoring to confirm to the aim of CSI i.e. to
transfer students into professionals with thorough knowledge and understanding of the
technical world. CSI-SAKEC magazine is yet another step in this direction. I wish the
committee of CSI-SAKEC best of luck.

CACHE March 2010 ii

 CSI-SAKEC

From the
Staff Co-ordinator Prof. Rekha Ramesh
CSI-SAKEC Staff Coordinator

Dear members,

CSI-SAKEC student centre was established in our college in the year 2007 and was
formally inaugurated on 24th April 2007. Today it has a strength of over 180 students. I am
happy to announce that Education Directorate of CSI has approved our CSI-SAKEC as a
student branch of CSI. This will facilitate to promote student branch activities like conducting
of workshop, meetings, seminars, IT symposia, IT quiz, etc.
The objective of the CSI-SAKEC is to facilitate knowledge sharing, learning and
training the students, while simultaneously inspiring and preparing them to meet the
challenges of the fast changing IT industry. The young and vibrant CSI-SAKEC has been
striving to improve the technical skills of budding engineers in a professional manner. In
achieving this objective, it has organized various workshops and seminars in our college. And so
far it has succeeded in imparting value added technical skills supplementing the classroom
teaching. Senior students are also encouraged to organize events and seminars to provide a
better interaction and synergy among the student community. Some of the popular events
organized by CSI-SAKEC are workshops on 'PC assembly, OS installation & Troubleshooting',
'Microprocessors and Microcontrollers', Adobe Flash and Dreamweaver', 'VB', 'Virtual DJ', 'Fun
with JAVA', ' Working with MATLAB' etc. The overwhelming response in every workshop
from the students as well as from the faculty encouraged us to organize more such events with
renewed vigor and enthusiasm. For better involvement of the participants, every workshop
concluded with a small contest and prizes for the winners of first, second and third positions.
CSI-SAKEC also had the honor of being an active partner in the organization of the
International Student Convention – 'Invent 09' hosted by the Mumbai Chapter of Computer
Society of India. Two intercollegiate events 'Eureka-Technical Quiz' and 'I-Developer-an
Application Development in VB6' were conducted on 7th March '09, wherein student teams
from different engineering colleges participated. This year also we are hosting an event of
'Technical Paper Presentation' for International Student Convention 2010 on behalf of Mumbai
Chapter of Computer Society of India.
CSI-SAKEC has taken a significant step in transforming CSI into a vibrant and active
organization with the launch of annual magazine and a dedicated web site for CSI-SAKEC. This
will provide a platform for each one of you to interact, discuss and debate on technology. This
development will surely add substantial value to all members. And I invite all of you to take
advantage of the immense learning and personality development opportunity that the CSI-
SAKEC provides.
I thank the highly motivated CSI-SAKEC student committee as well as all student
members for contributing to the successful journey of our branch since its inception. I also
sincerely thank the Director, Principal and Management of SAKEC for their constant support
and guidance. I am looking forward to have the same type of cooperation and enthusiasm from
you in the coming years also.

iii March 2010 CACHE

 CSI-SAKEC

From the Pioneer of

Rishi Popat
CSI -SAKEC
Hello!

You might be wondering who I am with an article almost at the beginning of this magazine. Most of you probably
haven't even heard of me considering that I passed out of Shah & Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College in May 2007. So let
me introduce myself. I am Rishi Popat. And I am a very lucky person. That's because I had the good fortune of being one of the
founding members and the very first Chairman of CSI-SAKEC!
At the very outset, let me congratulate you on being a part of this prestigious organization called Computer
Society of India-SAKEC. As our Bairi Sir famously puts it, CSI-SAKEC is an organization of the student, by the students
and for the students! If you are a student of SAKEC, then surely you must have observed CSI-SAKEC's strive for excellence
and professionalism in all the activities it undertakes. This has been its hallmark since day one, which reminds me of the day
it was founded...
CSI-SAKEC had a very humble beginning in the spring of 2007. Since my initial days in SAKEC, like most of my
fellow students, I always felt that there was very little on offer to students, in terms of co-curricular activities. Sure we had a
fantastic cultural festival in Verve and a ravishing technical festival in Nucleus, but that mostly came under the domain of
extra-curricular. But there was nothing really to complement our theoretical studies with practical exposure. Such
practical exposure would definitely be a boon when facing real projects and problems in the industry.
Then, in my very final semester, Prof. Bairi approached me with the idea of starting an organization under the CSI
banner which would cater exactly to this lacuna. I was a bit hesitant at the start. Because only after you come into the final
year of B.E., do you realize how much workload one has! I had my hands already full with project and academics. But I
decided to go and give it my best. And in hindsight, I am very glad I did! I distinctly remember the long meetings I had with
Bairi Sir, Rekha Ma'am and Jyoti Ma'am; trying to hammer out the details of CSI-SAKEC's working, its objectives and so
on. We already had two excellent organizations in place at SAKEC and it was important that CSI-SAKEC compliments
their work ably.
The first task at hand was to establish a team of students to get CSI-SAKEC up and running. And again I proved
lucky as I was blessed with the best team one could have asked for. Even though they had no previous experience they handled
the various departments like Logistics, Publicity and Event Management extremely well. Soon their efforts paid off and
how! Right at our debut, CSI-SAKEC registered an astounding 181 members! But the real challenge was to live upto such
expectations. But we managed to do that admirably by conducting three workshops during the summer, namely on Matlab,
Web Technologies and C Programming. Prof Uma Rao, Prof Dhanashree Toradmalle and Prof Milind Khairnar were kind
enough to take up Introduction to Matlab and Web Technologies. But the high point for me was when 3 final year students
from our own college Dinesh Dhongade, Kaushak Satra and Raj Thakkar came up and conducted the workshop on C
Programming. It really seemed to highlight our motto as I had mentioned above itself: CSI-SAKEC is an organization of
the students, for the students, by the students.
But this was just the tip of the ice berg. I have been in touch with the CSI-SAKEC committees every year and I
observed that each committee brings with it, great new ideas to improve CSI-SAKEC. Every committee seems committed
to better the work done by the last. This magazine being a prime example! I just hope and pray the torch of CSI gets passed on
to as able hands, batch after batch, and each year I feel a little bit more proud to say: Yes, I am a pioneer of CSI-SAKEC.

CACHE March 2010 iv

Reviews of CSI-SAKEC events
the following section we describe a few of our sucessful
workshops held in the academic year 2009-2010.
CSI SAKEC Student's
Center organized a workshop on
'PC Assembly, OS Installation
a n d Tr o u b l e s h o o t i n g ' o n
Saturday 12th September, 2009.
The session was conducted by
'St Angelo's IT Graduate ' (SAIG)
Mumbai. The workshop
began with a brief introduction
on activities of CSI-SAKEC,
following which the SAIG guests
and faculty of Shah and
Anchor were felicitated. The
workshop primarily comprised
of three sessions: the first
session comprised of hands-on
PC Assembling, wherein all the
participants were given an
opportunity to practice. The
session was taken up by Mr Ranjit
V i s h w a k a r m a
SAIG faculty. At the beginning,
all the participants were given
a brief introduction of the
various generations of
computers, starting from
transistor assembly units to the
supercomputer mainframes
comprising 5th generation of
1 March 2010
R...
S O FA
N E Y We take through the
UR journey of CSI-SAKEC right
JO from its inception uptill now. CSI-
SAKEC has made enhancing the technical
knowledge of the students of sakec its priority. In
computers. This was followed
by the various types of
microprocessors along with an
introduction about the various
components of the PC
motherboard. From here on all
the components of the
motherboard including the
PC
Assembling
Expansion slots, socket,
e x t e r n a l p o r t s , U S B we r e
explained in detail. After going
through the functionality of
o f each and every component
present on the motherboard by
the various types of
microprocessors along with an
introduction about the various
components of the PC
motherboard. From here on all
the components of the
motherboard including the
CSI-SAKEC
present on the motherboard the
installation of the Operating
system on the assembled PC
hardware. The operation
consisted of powering the
computer, deleting all partitions,
creating a new partition and
selecting the disk drive to install
OS.
The third session was
basically a continuation of
session-2 and it dealt with
troubleshooting. Troubleshooting
is a technique of problem solving
most often applied to repair of
failed products or functional
processes. The workshop ended
with all the participants gaining
an insight of the details and
p r o c e s s e s i n vo l ve d i n t h e
Assembling of a PC.
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 CSI-SAKEC
CSI SAKEC conducted a
workshop on Photoshop, a
versatile technology and the art of
image editing. The workshop was
conducted on 31 January 2009 by
faculty members of MAAC (Maya
academy of advanced cinematic)
one of the reputed institute in
animation and cinematic. Over 70
students participated in the
workshop. For engineers,
excelling in technical field is not
enough, ability to convey these
ideas to the client through visual
medium is important and that is
where the need to master the skill
of Photoshop arises. Photoshop
allows us to enhance and edit
photos to make attractive designs
and templates.
In its bid to continue the
path of learning, CSI-SAKEC
ventured into a new field of Web
Technology, by conducting a
workshop on PHP from15th June
and 19th June 2009.The team of
speakers consisted of Mr. Akshay
Rao, Mr. Sagar Gupta, Mr. Nirav
Nagda, Mr. Jugal Thakkar & Mr.
Sashank Shah, students from
SAKEC.
The AMP package
consists of the open source
scripting language PHP (PHP-
Hypertext Preprocessor), Apache
Server & MySQL which acts as a
backend support for database
operations. The first day of the
5-day workshop was conducted
by Mr. Sashank Shah who
explored the roots of PHP.
I n f o r m a t i ve s e m i n a r s a n d
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Photoshop RNEY
The workshop was
divided in two sessions. First
session was devoted to
introducing students to the world
of animation. Prof. Rahul
explained students the splendid
effects created by the software, its
increasing use in technical field
and its significance. The second
session that followed gave a
hands-on practice to the students.
The students got an opportunity
to edit, correct photos, use
various Photoshop tools like
clone stamp, lasso and so on.
With the assistance and help of
Apache,
MySQL & PHP
practical sessions covered topics
such as PHP script, data types,
operators and global variables
like _GET, _POST, _SESSION and
concepts of cookies, sessions and
headers were provided.
Simultaneously Database
connectivity too was taught.
In the following sessions,
Mr. Sagar Gupta and Mr. Jugal
Thakkar described an application
called Content Management
System (CMS) that deals with
managing the content of the
webpages dynamically. Mr.
Akshay Rao covered in depth the
topic of Object Oriented (OO)
paradigm of PHP. He took up the
Reviews of CSI-SAKEC events
SO F
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the volunteers some students
came up with really captivating
pictures and a range of designs.
We were pleased to receive
an astounding response from the
students and were gratified to
meet up their huge expectations.
Due to the varied applications of
this software in technical field as
well as graphical design features
this software is a prerequisite for
engineers opting for a bright
career in gaming and animation.
example of “Photogallery”
paradigm of PHP (involving file
uploading and downloading),
explaining how security could be
enhanced using the Object
Oriented paradigm.
This was not the end of the
interesting and exciting journey
of AMP. Mr. Sashank Shah gave
the students a detailed picture of
the world wide web. He talked
about how websites are loaded
on the server, How the interaction
between client and server takes
place, How the big picture helps
in building a successful network.
These topics accentuated the
importance of the topics covered
in the workshop.
March 2010 2
Reviews of CSI-SAKEC events
SO
E Y
O URN
J the students. The seminar served
The best way to learn a
new “human” language is to
speak it right from the outset,
listening and repeating, leaving
the intricacies of grammar for
later. the same applies to
computer languages- to learn
C/C++,we must start writing
C/C++ programs as quickly as
possible.
CSI-SAKEC organized a
seminar on “Joy of programming
in C/C++” which aimed to make
the participants well acquainted
Whether one is an
amateur DJ striving to improve,
or an accomplished DJ, the
virtual DJ can be used by anyone
from absolute musical neophyte
to the expert performer. Virtual-
DJ is a digital panel that you can
install on your computer.
With Virtual DJ, you can
do all your DJing on your PC,
drag and drop your tracks from
your music database to the
turntables, adjust the sound
levels, synchronize the songs by
adjusting pitch, smoothly drag
the cross fader to create the
transition between the tracks.
To get the students
acquainted with the art of sound
mixing, the workshop on Virtual
DJ was conducted in two sessions.
3 March 2010
A R....
F Workshop on
C/C++
with the features of C/C++
language and thus enabling them
to write programs in C/C++. The
seminar began with a brief
introduction on C/C++ by Prof.
Harshad Mande. Participants
were taught concepts like classes,
data abstraction, encapsulation,
inheritance etc each with an
example and thorough hands on
practice. Later Mr. Jugal Thakkar
(B.E, computer engineering
student of SAKEC) took the
seminar and gave a brief
introduction on C graphics. Basic
inbuilt functions and a smal
VIRTUAL DJ
Bharath gave an overview of
Virtual-DJ, its tools, functions
and also described the
implementation of Mixcraft.
Mixcraft is a multitask
application for Windows and is a
music loop remix program.
A large library of virtual
instruments, loops, sound effects,
and audio effects is included in
the Mixcraft. Bharath then laid
emphasis on how to remix the
original sound tracks, play with
the lyrics, enhance the music
quality and come up with a
melodious song.
A Competition on
remixing of original sound tracks
was held in the second session of
CSI-SAKEC
Application like a screensaver
using C graphics were discussed .
The seminar came to an
end with a small test on C/C++
which boosted the confidence of
as a practical guide that took the
participants through a step by
step process of programming. It
offered concrete suggestions and
guidelines to the participants for
enhancing their knowledge and
competencies while
simultaneously engaging them
in a substantive discussion on
various concepts and issues
related to programming in C/C++.
the workshop. The response
received from students was
impressive. They came up with
wonderful remixes.From among
25 participants, three winners
were announced.
Apart from being a
technical event, it was also a fun
event comprising both the junior
and senior students from all
engineering streams. Its immense
popularity among students
encouraged CSI-SAKEC to
organize such events in future.
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 CSI-SAKEC
!NVENT '09
Since 1999, the Mumbai
Chapter of the Computer Society
of India (CSI) has been
instrumental in organizing
Student Conventions for the
benefit of its student members. It
has been organizing student
conventions since a decade. It
started with eConnect '99 being
hosted at VESIT which was a great
success and it was the genesis of
the idea that other colleges could
also be a part of the growing
student activity. It is from here
that the Mumbai chapter sowed
the concept of student activity
centers in every engineering
college. Thus the activity centers
grew and with it started the yearly
conventions. eMerge 2000, eSense
2001, eNable 2002, iMagine 2003,
iDeas 2004, iDeas 2005 and
iNnovate 2006 were some of the
earlier conventions to name a few.
Last year, CSI-SAKEC was
privileged to be invited to become
a part of the organizing team of
INVENT'09 - the Annual CSI
Regional Student Convention.
Our college was one of the eight
premier engineering colleges in
Mumbai that came together to
showcase the technical
extravaganza of colossal
proportions. The other colleges
were NMIMS, TSEC, VESIT,
FCRCE, Atharva, VCET and
UMIT.
Each college volunteered
to conduct an event. The events
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JOU
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Y
conducted under INVENT'09
were technical competitions like
Programming Contest, Circuit
Designing, Technical Paper
Presentation, Technical Quiz,
Software Development,
Technical Debate and fun events
like LAN and PS Gaming, Online
Treasure Hunt, which tested not
only one's technical skills and
knowledge but also one's ability
to deliver when it matters.
G r a b b i n g t h i s
opportunity to truly enter the
inter-collegiate level, CSI-SAKEC
conducted two events: - eUreka-
Technical Quiz and iDeveloper-
an Application Development
competition which were held on
7th March 2009. Mr. Shirkant
Karode, IT Head, Crompton
G r e a ve s , t h e c h i e f g u e s t ,
inaugurated the SAKEC leg of
I n v e n t ' 0 9 .
Out of thirty participating
teams in eUreka, five were
shortlisted based on an online test
that tested the contestants on
basic concepts which are
common to all branches of
engineering.
The Convention Finale
was held on 17th March, 2009 at
K.J. SIMSR and was inaugurated
by the chief guest, Mr. S.
M a h a l i n g a m - C F O , Ta t a
Consultancy Services & Vice
President Computer Society of
India. It was followed by the
release of the magazine Epoch '09
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celebrating 10 years of CSI
Conventions. It was an eventful
day consisting of seminars such as
Wi-Fi Security Systems by
Mr.Jatin Parikh from Airtight
Security, Internet Marketing by
Vishal Prabhukhanolkar-Director,
Quetzal Verify Private Limited,
Panel Discussion on “The future
of IT in this period of meltdown.”
by Mr. Anand Jhaveri (Founder,
Chairman and CEO Rave
Technologies), Ms. Rajashri
Hazare (Director - Cerebrus
Consultants) and Mr. Kunal
Gursahani (Director for Global
Strategy and Marketing-Alpha
Plus Technologies) and an
intensive Linux Workshop.
The final round of eUreka
was held in parallel to a full house.
The five teams were quizzed on
topics ranging from digital logic
to microprocessors to
programming. The audience was
kept captivated by the brain
tingling questions and excellent
hosting.
To conclude, we, at CSI-
SAKEC, treasure the experience
got from direct interaction with
the CSI Mumbai Chapter and
with the other CSI Student
Centers. We hope to continue
being a part of this technical
extravaganza in the years to come.
March 2010 4
Invited Articles CSI-SAKEC

e nt
in m
ta Decode clustering, Discover
ch how to combat your fear of coding,
T e hack with principles, the logic behind page
ranking... learn all this and much more in the
following section containing articles contributed by
both professors and students of SAKEC.

1.Clustering Streaming Data

A data stream is a real-
time, continuous, ordered
(implicitly by arrival time or
explicitly by timestamp)
sequence of items. For analysis of
such data, the ability to process
the data in a single pass, or a small
number of passes, while using
little memory, is crucial. However
it is not possible to control the
order in which items arrive, nor is
it feasible to locally store a stream
in its entirety. As a result,
developing clustering algorithms
for streaming data has emerged as
an important problem in the area
of clustering.
The clustering problem is
a difficult problem for the data
stream domain. This is because
the large volume of data arriving
in a stream renders most
traditional algorithms too
inefficient. These data sets are far
too large to fit in main memory
and are typically stored in
secondary storage devices. Linear
scans are the only cost effective
access method; random access is
prohibitively expensive. Not only
Mr.Uday Bhave
Professor
Head of Dept. (Computer)
those but some data sets, such as
router packet statistics,
meteorological data, and sensor
network data, are transient and
need not be realized on disk.
What is Clustering?
Clustering problem can be
formally defined as follows:
Given n points in a metric
space M, partition the points into
k clusters so as to minimize the
maximum cluster diameter.
The diameter of a cluster is
defined to be the maximum inter-
point distance in it. Sometimes the
objective function is chosen to be
the maximum cluster radius.
Data Stream is sequence
of points x1,…xi,…xn read in
increasing order of the indices i.
The Data Stream Model
assumes that input data are not
available for random access from
disk or memory, but rather arrive
in the form of one or more
continuous data streams.
The stream model differs from
the standard relational model in
the following.
· The elements of a stream arrive
online (the stream is “active” in
the sense that the incoming items
trigger operations on the data,
rather than being send on request).
· The order in which elements of a
stream arrive are not under the
control of the system.
· Data streams are potentially of
unbounded size.
· Data stream elements that have
been processed are either
discarded or archived.
· They cannot be retrieved easily
unless being stored in memory,
which is typically small relative to
the size of the stream.
· Due to limited resources
(memory) and strict time
constraints, the processing of
stream data will usually produce
approximate results.
Considering above-
mentioned features of the
Streaming data, Clustering
algorithm for
streaming data must have

5 March 2010 CACHE

 CSI-SAKEC
following characteristics
· It should be strictly one pass.
· It can be paused any time to
view current structure of the
clusters.
· It can be resumed again.
· It must take current trends into
consideration while clustering.
Single pass clustering
technique:
This technique is
summarized as follows:
1. Divide large data-set into
chunks (windows)
2. For each window, initialize
with random cluster seeds and
assign each point to its closest
center.
3. When all points in the window
are assigned to cluster centers,
adjust weight to each cluster
center by the number of points
assigned to it.
4. When all windows are
clustered, Cluster these weighted
cluster centers from each window
into final desired number of
clusters.
Above technique is fine
for clustering large database in
single pass but cannot be used
directly for streaming data as it
considers that the whole data is
available, though large, before
clustering process begins.
The above idea can be
further explored to suit for the
streaming data. In general two
approaches are considered for
streaming data:
1. Local Clustering and
2. Incremental Clustering
1. Local Clustering Approach:
Local clustering is based
on processing the complete
window to generate the clusters
(local to that window). These
clusters may be utilized in the
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H TAI
next window as a starting
solution.
Local Clustering approach:
1. Fix no. of centers (k), initial
points (m), size of window (n)
2. Randomly initialize 'm' cluster
means for window.
3. Fill the window with new
points.
4. Perform iteration of k-means
clustering on the points in the
window till it converges.
5. Give weights to each center
based on number of points in it.
(Summarization)
6. Adjust cluster centers of the
window, accordingly
7. Repeat from step 2
2. Incremental Approach:
Incremental clustering
algorithms employ division of
stream in windows. They use
weighted windows and treat
them as generation. It adjusts
cluster centre as and when new
p o i n t a r r i ve s ; b u t
merging/splitting is done at the
end of the generation. This gives
time to evaluate current
generation, recognize new trends
and thus can locate outliers and
patterns in current data easily.
Incremental clustering
techniques
1. Fix no. of clusters (k), initial
points (m), size of window (n)
2. Randomly select 'm' cluster
centers for window.
3. Assign points to these m centers
and increment wt accordingly.
Adjust centers with each point.
4. Once entire window is
processed decide fittest centers
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from 'm' and use it in new window,
add new centers with weight=1.
5. Continue with steps 3 and 4.
6. When final clusters are
recorded, Group m centers from
step 5 into k centers to create final
clusters.
Fitness criteria in step 4
may be depending upon type of
application in hand. It can be
possibly a threshold, comparing
weights of the centers. If weight of
the center is less than threshold, a
center can be discarded.
Considering new trends:
As seen in both the
techniques above, it becomes
necessary to devise techniques for
maintaining summaries or
synopses of the history of the
stream. Most research until now
has focused on techniques for
building summaries of all the data
seen so far. However, in most
applications very old data points
are considered less useful and
relevant than more recent data.
Thus it is necessary that old or
“stale” data does not
overly.influence the statistics.
Sliding window approach
considers new trends in a good
manner. This can be further fine-
tuned, according to the specific
requirements by reducing
weights of the old windows
exponentially and thus to have a
control in the manner in which
trends should be handled.
Conclusion:
In the case of incremental
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objectionable than to lose some

portion after each window.
In essence, local clustering
M NT has to wait till the entire
Emethod gives better clustering quality, but
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H TAI widow is clustered completely
is slow whereas incremental

TEC and then only it can continue

clustering takes current trends
into considerations in better way,
responding to the input. This may
clustering, at the arrival of each at the cost of overall cluster
not be suitable for transient data
point cluster centers are pulled out quality. Thus it can be finally
or pulled in towards the new point.
This essentially takes new trends
into consideration. Furthermore
at the end of processing of current
window, clusters with less
number of points (weight) are
discarded, giving better means of
handling outliers. (Or can be
stored for future visualization)
Local Clustering
technique has to use one of the
existing algorithms like k-means
for clustering current window and streams, where portion of the concluded that Incremental-
thus heavily depend upon pros
stream may be lost, on the other clustering approach is better-
and cons of the algorithm used for
hand incremental technique suited approach particularly for
local clustering, whereas
incremental clustering is processes with each newly clustering streaming data.
adaptable and not using any of the arrived data point. If arrival of the
traditional algorithm and directly transient data is at very high
considers each new point arrived speed comparable with
for clustering decision. computation, portion of the
Another point to stream within the window itself
be noted is that, local clustering may be lost. This would be more

Surf the internet without any browser.

(However there must be an internet connection)

1. Go 2 the paint...
2. Select the HELP...help topic OR F1.
3. Right click on the title bar in the help window and the select the context
command ' jump to URL'
4. Enter the complete web address in the subsequently dialog as the
'http: //www.yahoo.com' click ok....
5. Then again open the dialog box 'http://www.yahoo.com' right on upper
side......and more blank space left....u write the website..and got it...

7 March 2010 CACHE

 CSI-SAKEC
2.Structure from
Stereo
1. 3D Reconstruction
3D reconstruction is the problem
of recovering depth information
from intensity images. One
common approach of 3D
reconstruction uses multiple
images. It is based on the principle
that a physical point in space is
projected onto different locations
on images captured from
different viewpoints. The
difference in the projected
locations is used to infer depth
information.[1].
Specifically, consider a rigid
object represented by a set of N 3D
points,{pi(f)} on some coordinate
system at frame f. Each point pi(f)
is projected onto an image,Is(f),
which is captured from a
viewpoint s. Then mi(f), the
point's coordinates in the Image
Coordinate System can be
expressed in terms of a vector-
valued non-linear function h :
éx ù
mis ( f ) = ê ú = h( s, p i ( f ))
ë yû
h is a simplification of the
perspective equations for a
specified camera.
Given a set of images that are
taken from different viewpoints s
(structure-from-stereo) or at
different time frames f (structure-
from-motion), we may be able to
reconstruct the points from a
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H TAI
Jyoti Joglekar
Asst. Prof.
Computer Engg. Department
complete set of their projections .
T h e r e a r e t w o
computational sub-problems
associated with 3D
reconstruction from two or more
images:
1. Feature correspondence,
2. Structure estimation.
The first problem is best
explained in an example. For
instance, a physical 3D point is
projected onto Image A as point 1
and Image B as point 2. Points 1
and 2 are said to be
correspondences. Hence, the
feature correspondence or
feature matching problem is to
find where point 2 is on image B
given the location of point 1 on
image A. Human vision is superb
in solving this problem, but the
automation of this process by
computers is rather difficult. It
essentially requires a search on
the whole image B. Applying
proper constraints can narrow
down the search, but without
sufficient constraints, the
problem becomes difficult and
ambiguities arise.
The second problem, structure
estimation, is relatively easy in
comparison. It is the computation
of the point set {Pi} after the
correspondence problem is
solved. The difficulty of this sub-
problem depends on the amount
of a priori information available.
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onsequence, even if intrinsic and
extrinsic parameters are known,
the challenge remains for
developing algorithms that
reduce the effects of errors in the
preprocessing steps on the
structure estimate.
If the intrinsic and extrinsic
parameters of the camera are
known for the whole set of images,
then an exact reconstruction in
absolute coordinates is possible.
However, the accuracy of the
reconstructed structure is
sensitive to the accuracy of these
parameters. Moreover, any errors
in solving the correspondence
problem between two images also
affect the accuracy of the
reconstruction. As a consequence,
even if intrinsic and extrinsic
parameters are known, the
challenge remains for developing
algorithms that reduce the effects
of errors in the preprocessing
steps on the structure estimate.
2 Feature Extraction
In some 3D reconstruction
applications, it may be necessary
to estimate the structure of a scene
for every point in the image.
However, sometimes we may
only be interested in
reconstructing the depth of an
object or scene at certain parts.
Image features usually refer to
parts of an image that have special
properties, and they may
correspond to parts of an object or
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Eeasy
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H consistent across different images
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scene that have structural
significance, to regions that have
visually identifiable textures or
intensity patterns, or to
any other derived
properties that can be
localised on an image.
Some common examples
are edges, lines, corners,
junctions, ellipses, and
zero-crossings of image
gradients.
common examples are
edges, lines, corners,
junctions, ellipses, and
zero-crossings of image
gradients.
Figure 1: A typical stereo camera
configuration used for capturing stereo parallel. The separation between
Feature extraction is the process
images.
of locating these particular
elements on an image and it is an
intermediate step for many
computer vision applications.
The choice of features to extract
for reconstruction very often
depends on the properties of the
objects in the scene. Some
important factors to consider are
invariance, ease of detectability,
and how they are eventually used.
Point features, are features that
can be localised in two
dimensions. Point features are
easy to represent mathematically
and they can directly correspond
to three dimensional points in
space. Many features that can be
localised to a point are usually
If some files cannot be deleted by the delete key, try to navigate
That folder on the command prompt and use the erase command.
9 March 2010
to detect, and are relatively
compared to other features such
as edges and lines. There are
many mathematical definitions of
localised image structures and
sometimes they are broadly
compared to other features such
as edges and lines. There are
many mathematical definitions of
localised image structures and
sometimes they are broadly
identified as corners.
3. Structure From Stereo
The use of stereopsis for depth
perception in human vision is a
we l l k n o w n p h e n o m e n o n . stereo vision, the difference in the
Structure-from-stereo simply
refers to the class of computer
vision algorithms that applies the
same principle for inferring depth
information from images taken
from different viewpoints[2]. A
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typical binocular stereo camera
system is illustrated in Figure 1. In
summary, the two cameras are
mounted such that their optical
axes (the Z -axes) are coplanar and
aligned in parallel. The separation
between the optical centres of the
left and right cameras is called the
baseline, and it is usually created
by a translation between the
cameras' optical centres
along their common X -
axis.
information from
images taken from
different viewpoints[2].
A typical binocular
stereo camera system is
illustrated in Figure 1. In
s u m m a r y, t h e t w o
cameras are mounted
such that their optical
axes (the Z -axes) are
coplanar and aligned in
the optical centres of the left and
right cameras is called the
baseline, and it is usually created
by a translation between the
cameras' optical centres along
their common X -axis.
The left and right cameras in the
stereo system capture a pair of
images, simultaneously or
separately when no changes have
occurred in the scene between the
acquisition of the two images. In
projected positions of a point on
the left and right images is
referred to as the disparity, and
the collection of disparity values
for a whole image is known as the
disparity map.
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3.Computer
Animation
Animation is the rapid
display of a sequence of images of
2-D or 3-D artwork or model
positions in order to create an
illusion of movement. It is an
optical illusion of motion due to
the phenomenon of persistence of
vision, and can be created and
demonstrated in a number of
ways. The most common method
of presenting animation is as a
motion picture or video program,
although several other forms of
presenting
animation also
exist.
E a r l y
examples of
attempts to
capture the
phenomenon of
motion drawing
can be found in
paleolithic cave
paintings, where
animals are
depicted with
multiple legs in
superimposed
positions, clearly
a t t e m p t i n g t o wrestlers in action. Even though this may appear similar to a series of animation fixed the camera,
c o n v e y t h e drawings, there was no way of viewing the images in motion. It does, however, indicate a h e a r s e
p e r c e p t i o n o f the artist's intention of depicting motion.
motion.
A 5,200 year old earthen
bowl found in Iran in Shahr-i
Sokhta has five images of a goat
painted along the sides. This has
been claimed to be an example of
early animation. However, since
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H TAI
N MEN
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Ms.Dhanashree K Toradmalle
Asst Professor
(IT Dept)
no equipment existed to show the who can be considered the
images in motion, such a series of "creator" of the art of film
i m a g e s c a n n o t b e c a l l e d animation, as there were several
animation in a true sense of the people doing several projects
word. which could be considered
T h e p h e n a k i s t o s c o p e , various types of animation all
praxinoscope, as well as the around the same time.
common flip book were early Georges Méliès was a
popular animation devices creator of special-effect films; he
invented during the 1800s, while a was generally one of the first
Chinese zoetrope-type device was people to use animation with his
invented already in 180 AD. These technique. He discovered a
devices produced movement technique by accident which was
to stop the camera
rolling to change
something in the
scene, and then
continue rolling
the film. This idea
was later known
as stop-motion
animation. Méliès
discovered this
t e c h n i q u e
accidentally
when his camera
broke down
while shooting a
bus driving by.
An Egyptian burial chamber mural, approximately 4000 years old, showing When he had
happened to be
passing by just
from sequential drawings using as Méliès restarted rolling the film,
technological means, but his end result was that he had
animation did not really develop managed to make a bus transform
much further until the advent of into a hearse. This was just one of
cinematography. the great contributors to
There is no single person animation in the early years.

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M NT including traditional 35
Emedia,
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H TAI mm film and newer media such as
TEC
The production of
animated short films, typically
referred to as "cartoons", became
an industry of its own during the
1910s, and cartoon shorts were
produced to be shown in movie
theaters.
Traditional animation (also
called cel animation or hand-
drawn animation) was the
process used for most animated
films of the 20th century. The
individual frames of a
traditionally animated film are
photographs of drawings, which
are first drawn on paper. To create
the illusion of movement, each
drawing differs slightly from the
one before it. The animators'
drawings are traced or
photocopied onto transparent
acetate sheets called cels, which
are filled in with paints in
assigned colors or tones on the
side opposite the line drawings.
The completed character cels are
photographed one-by-one onto
motion picture film against a
painted background by a rostrum
camera.
The traditional cel
animation process became
obsolete by the beginning of the
21st century. Today, animators'
drawings and the backgrounds
are either scanned into or drawn
directly into a computer system.
Various software programs are
used to color the drawings and
simulate camera movement and
effects. The final animated piece is
output to one of several delivery
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Walt Disney studio (Beauty and the
Beast, Aladdin, Lion King) to the
more "cartoony" styles of those
produced by the Warner Bros.
animation studio (Iron Giant,
digital video. The "look" of
Quest for Camelot, Cats Don't
Dance). Many of the Disney
traditional cel animation is still
animated features are examples
preserved, and the character
of full animation, as are non-
animators' work has remained
Disney works such as The Secret of
essentially the same over the past
NIMH (US, 1982) and The Iron
70 years. Some animation
Giant (US, 1999), Nocturna (Spain,
producers have used the term
2007)
"tradigital" to describe cel
Rotoscoping is a
animation which makes extensive
technique, patented by Max
use of computer technology.
Fleischer in 1917, where
Examples of traditionally
animators trace live-action
animated feature films include
movement, frame by frame. The
Pinocchio (United States, 1940),
source film can be directly copied
Animal Farm (United Kingdom,
from actors' outlines into
1954), and Akira (Japan, 1988).
animated drawings, as in The Lord
Traditional animated films which
of the Rings (US, 1978), used as a
were produced with the aid of
basis and inspiration for character
computer technology include The
animation, as in most Disney
Lion King (US, 1994) Sen to Chihiro
films,
Live-action/animation is
a technique, when combining
hand-drawn characters into live
Animation: action shots.
Tracing
2D animation
live-action 2D animation figures are
Movement created and/or edited on the
Frame by computer using 2D bitmap
graphics or created and edited
frame…
using 2D vector graphics. This
includes automated
no Kamikakushi (Spirited Away)
computerized versions of
(Japan, 2001), Treasure Planet
traditional animation techniques
(USA, 2002) and Les Triplettes de
such as of tweening, morphing,
Belleville (2003).
onion skinning and interpolated
Full animation refers to the
rotoscoping.
process of producing high-
quality traditionally animated
3D animation
films, which regularly use
3D animation are digitally
detailed drawings and plausible
modelled and manipulated by an
movement. Fully animated films
animator. In order to manipulate
can be done in a variety of styles,
a mesh, it is given a digital skeletal
from realistically designed works
structure that can be used to
such as those produced by the
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control the mesh. This process is

called rigging. Various other
techniques can be applied, such as
mathematical functions (ex.
gravity, particle simulations),
simulated fur or hair, effects such
as fire and water and the use of
Motion capture to name but a few,
these techniques fall under the
category of 3d dynamics. Many
3D animations are very believable
and are commonly used as Visual
effects for recent movies.
So, what does it take to be
a 3D artist? Well, obviously, you
must have an eye for art. Most
people who begin learning 3D
have some kind of background in
drawing and sketching. It's not
unheard of for 3D studios to hire
artists who have no experience in
3D, based solely on the strength of
a pencil drawing portfolio.
Sculptors, who were previously
limited to animatronics and
claymation (clay animation), also
tend to make an easier transition
to 3D.
Even if you don't have
formal art training that goes
beyond the few classes you took
in high school or college you can
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still do great work in 3D. H TAI
A 3D Artist must have
following qualities:
1. Patience. Many beginners
unfairly compare themselves to
established artists possessing
years of experience. While it can
be a great motivator and a
valuable source of inspiration, 3D
art is a diverse subject, requiring
dedication and practice. Some
say that 3D is like Go, the ancient
game of strategy: it takes minutes
to learn, but a lifetime to be
master.
2. Detail. 3D artists tend to have a
strong background in computers,
compared to non-digital artists.
Experience in computer
programming is common in 3D
circles, though not required. 3D
artists need to have an eye for
detail, be resourceful and self-
sufficient.
3. Hard work. If you want
something easy, pick up a pencil
and paper and start drawing. 3D
art isn't nearly as immediate with
results. One can spend, hours,
N MEN
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days, and even weeks perfecting a
3D model before ever moving
onto texturing, animation or final
renders. 3D art is unique in that it
can require a broad array of skills,
from drawing to acting, to
successfully bring together a
finished piece. The payoff is that
3D artist is perhaps the most
sought-after creative workers.
4. Willingness to accept criticism.
Eventually you'll feel motivated
to submit your art for review by
other artists. 3D artists can nitpick
like no one else in the world, so be
prepared to have even the
slightest error pointed out to you
in exacting detail - especially if
you're attempting to create
anything realistic. If you intend to
work in a studio one day, your
ability to accept criticism will be
crucial to the overall success of the
team.

Internet Error codes and Meaning

Ü400 => this is bad request error, First check you may be typing wrong URL name and
server could not understand your request.
Ü401 => you are trying to open any unauthorized access site or page. Check your
username and password if you are trying to open any webpage.
Ü402 => Payment Required Error
Ü403 => you are trying to open any forbidden page and you are blocked by that domain.
Ü404 => you are trying to open the webpage that was removed or re-named, also
check the URL spell ing.
Ü408 => this is time out error. You should send the request with in time that the server
set for you.

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4.Code'Oh’Phobia!!!
As a lecturer in the
I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y
department of Shah and Anchor
Kutchhi Engineering College for
more than a year now, I know one
thing for sure, not many of us are
comfortable when it comes to the
word 'coding'. As a student it was
C programming, as a teacher now
its Java programming, thanks or
no thanks to the new pattern of
the syllabus.
As a student I had a
colleague who used to finish
his practical session in one
hour flat and I used to take
about a day. I definitely felt an
inferiority complex creeping
inside me and that to a certain
extent did motivate me, but to
most of us it's quite perplexing. I
knew I had to clear the air on a
topic like this because I came
across a very peculiar situation
lately. I was conducting my
practical session and while most
students were struggling doing
their programs, I noticed this one
girl who never bothered to even
try. All of a sudden, when it was
about time to leave, she had a
program ready and fit for
execution. I knew at once it was a
case of much neglected
plagiarism in Mumbai University.
I asked her, “Listen, I know you
haven't written this program on
your own. How can I possibly
grade your work?” She was very
q u i c k i n r e p l y i n g , “ S i r, I
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- Harshad M. Mande
Ex-Lecturer I.T.
completely understand this
program and you can ask me any
question you want on this piece of
code.” After a few ifs-and-buts
she confessed that she couldn't
write a program, but she knew all
the syntaxes well. She knew all
the intricacies of Java
programming. She basically
knew the theory well, but she
couldn't create something called
as a working program.
Now is another situation:
this one is kind of personal. I
When you are placed
in an IT firm and all
you have to do from
9:00 am to 5:00 pm is
fiddle around with a
piece of code, you are
Bound to figure a
way around it.
once gave a technical
interview and was asked
about a project which I had
implemented using VB.net. The
interviewer asked me to elaborate
on the .net framework. I didn't
have much of a say, because I
really didn't know what it meant,
but I could write any program in
.net given the MSDN library and
an Internet connection. I was
obviously given negative marks
for such an answer.
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What I just presented to
you are two situations which a so
called IT engineering student
finds him in. One is when he
knows the theory, and the other
one is when he can put things to
practice without knowing much
of the theory. Often students ask
me, “Sir, I am very weak in C
programming. Which book
should I refer to?” It's one of those
situations where I cannot conjure
up a considerable advice. A
reasonable answer to such a
question is another question:
“Which exam are you preparing
for?” If the answer is say exam A,
then I would give him a decent
enough book to read, some links
to refer to, but if the answer is I-
just-want-to-learn-programming.
Then my answer would take a
completely different form. The
fact is you cannot learn
programming by reading a lot of
literature. It's just like
assimilating a lot of knowledge
but not knowing where to use it.
In the case of programming you
have to follow the adage: If you
want to learn to swim, u should
just jump directly into the well.
This is how many infamous
swimmers learn how to swim.
Start with a set of programs and
keep hitting your keyboard is the
mantra.
Now many people get to a
very fantastic start. They are
really spirited when it comes to
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this new methodology. But what
exactly happens is that coding the
wrong way can be quite a
dampener. Within no time you are
so demoralized that you decide
that coding is not your piece of
cake. Now what exactly is this
wrong way of coding? It's
basically writing a program with
whatever syntax you know and
then constantly compiling it to
discover some errors. Then again
you wonder what the errors are so
you keep staring at the code and
hope that some Bill Gate's spirit
enters you and you are able to
debug the error. But such a scene
never happens. So you go back to
your books and literature and
hope to find a solution to the error.
Then you see the size of the book
and you keep it away. Then you
say I would rather watch a movie
than write code.
Well what separates a
good programmer from a non
programmer is his speed and
accuracy in programming. The
one helping hand that God (in our
case the compiler designer) does
provide is a debugging tool.
Instead of sitting in front of the
computer screen and staring at
your code you can use the single
step debugging, the watch
windows, etc. and discover your
sticky bugs in no time. In the
process you end up learning a lot
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about the details of program
compilation and execution. For
those who are unaware about
using these tools meet me over a
cup of Java (Java is a kind of coffee,
for those who don't know).
One must remember that
it's no great deal to be a good
programmer. You may contact
some of your senior friends who
are placed in IT companies and let
them drip nostalgia over their
coding fear. They would possibly
laugh over it. It's for a fact that
coding ain't tough. It's about the
number of hours you give to it.
When you are placed in an IT firm
and all you have to do from 9:00
am to 5:00 pm is fiddle around
with a piece of code, you are
bound be a figure a way around it.
Currently as students you are not
able to give enough time to coding,
because you are not really getting
paid for it, you are actually paying
for it (Haha). Another important
thing is coding is like slavery to
your computer. You are a slave to
the syntaxes of the programming
language. And considering the
rich Indian heritage of slavery as
an Indian we are born to be good
programmers.
The programmers who
really shine out of this huge
Have fun with ALT!!!
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H TAI
N MEN
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battalion of the coders are the
ones who write clean and efficient
programmes. The programs that
are time and space efficient, are
the so-called good programs.
Have you ever wondered how a
game program sits on your 25MB
of feeble memory on your cell
phones? It's because someone has
written the application using the
best possible space efficient logic.
For beginners I would strongly
suggest you to read this definitive
guide on programming, called
The Art of Computer
Programming by Donald. E.
Knuth (pronounced as 'Kuh'nuth)
Volumes 1 to 4. He has very
convincingly given you a vivid
treatment on programming
describing as an art than a mere
science. Throw away your Chetan
Bhagats or Harry Potters and pick
up a copy of this book. A little bit
of dedication and a pinch of
mental commitment is the recipe
t o o v e r c o m e y o u r
Code'Oh'Phobia!!!
March 2010 14
Contributed Articles
ME N
AIN
TEC
H T
For as far as most of us can
remember now, we have used
only one tool for starting of our
quests into the great World Wide
Web. A simple page with just one
text box and a few buttons hides
behind it a mammoth machinery
which has compelled millions of
users to set it as their home page
and use it innumerable times per
day. I am of course talking about
Google, the undisputed King of
Search. With its simplistic
interface and clean and accurate
results it has firmly lodged itself
as one of the most powerful
entities on the Internet. So much
so that searching on the net is
often colloquially referred to as
'Googling'!
So how does Google do it?
The secret behind it is a
combination of simple logic and
some basic mathematics. Google
calls this secret, the PageRank
A l g o r i t h m . To u n d e r s t a n d
PageRank, we will first see how
most modern Search Engines
search the Web:
They make use of something
called as a Crawler (or Search-bot
or Web-bot or spiders). These
crawlers move through the World
Wide Web from page to page
through Hyperlinks (links to
other webpages). Each time they
encounter a new page they index
the information in that page and it
is stored in a central database.
Whenever the user types in a
query, the query or keyword is
searched against the database and
15 March 2010
T 1.How
Google googles?
the pages which are related to
that keyword are listed as results.
As one can imagine, the problem
here is that each keyword will
give millions of results majority
of which will be useless to the
The trick is
therefore to sort
the [million] results
correctly. This
Is exactly what
PageRank does and
does it very well.
user. The trick is therefore to sort
the results correctly. This is exactly
what PageRank does and does it
very well.
PageRank implements a
ranking method that no other
search engine had thought of
before it. Basically, it determines
how good a page is by the number
of web pages linking to it. That
means, if a certain webpage has a
large number of websites giving
links to it, it will be ranked higher.
This logic is based on simple
common sense that if a page is
linked to more, it must be more
popular and therefore more
relevant. Though this is the major
criteria PageRank uses, it is
definitely not the only one. The
actual algorithm used by Google
CSI-SAKEC
-Sujay Narsale
B.E.(Computers)
currently is quite complicated
and a closely guarded secret, but
the formula used when Google
was still being developed was:
PR(A) = (1-d) + d(PR(t1)/C(t1) + ... +
PR(tn)/C(tn))
Here, A = Current Page,
t1….tn = pages linking to A,
PR(X) = PageRank of page X,
C(X) = Number of outbound links from
page X,
d = dampening factor.
In simple words, this means:
· If a page has a large number of
pages linking to it, it gets a
higher rank: This is the basic
criteria of PageRank. If only this
criterion was applied anyone
c o u l d h a ve i n c r e a s e d t h e
PageRank of their webpage but
just paying to put up their links on
as many websites as possible. But
Google is not fooled as easily.
· If a page is linked to by a page
which itself has a high PageRank,
it gets a higher rank: This ensures
that pages recommended by sites
which are well known, get better
PageRank.
· If a page is linked to by a page
which does not have links to a lot
of other pages, it gets a higher
rank: This ensures that no page
gets a higher rank just by having
its links in otherwise empty sites.
If a page is listed in a Link Farm (a
website which has no real content
of its own but only holds links to
other websites), it is penalized by
a decrease in its PageRank.
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 CSI-SAKEC
Apart from incoming
links described above, other
factors determining a PageRank
are:
· The frequency and location of
keywords within the Web page:
If the keyword only appears once
within the body of a page, it will
receive a low score for that
keyword. Also PageRank takes
into account other
characteristics such as the
font size of the keyword,
title, file name, directory
name, etc to make sure that
the keyword's importance
in the page is properly
known.
· How long the Web page
has existed: People create
new Web pages every day,
and not all of them stick
around for long. Google
places more value on pages
with an established history.
· Domain in which the
page exists: Some popular
domains get higher priority
automatically since the user
is most likely to be looking
for results from them.
Though until now, it
seems that Google has found a
perfect, impartial and efficient
algorithm, it has its share of
detractors. Google claims that its
PageRank algorithm is based on
the democratic nature of the Web
where links equal to votes. But
PageRank's detractors point out
that:
· In PageRank, rich people get
more votes than poor people, or,
Quick PC Shut down
· Press Ctrl+ Esc key or the Win key and press 'U' two times
· Win+ M to minimize all windows and then Alt+F4 to bring the Turn Off computer dialog.
· Open Windows Task manager (Alt+ Ctrl+ Del) and choose Shut down from the menu. Useful when the
windows are not responding.
CACHE
TEC
H TAI
in web terms, pages with higher
PageRank have their votes
weighted more than the votes
from lower pages.
· Most sites have hundreds of
pages but the majority of links
come to their home pages. This
means that the deeper pages in a
site which have the most amount
of information get very low
PageRank, while the home page
gets a disproportionately high
rank.
· Also, Google decides how much
of a site to crawl depending on its
PageRank. This means that sites
with an average PageRank do not
get their entire site indexed. This
Contributed Articles
N MEN
T
further reduces their chances of
ever improving their PageRank
as Google does not bother to look
through it entirely.
Despite these
hitches, the greatest
proof that PageRank
works is its popularity
itself. If it did not give
useful results then it
wo u l d n e ve r h a ve
moved out of its
founders' garage. Also,
Google has continued to
tweak its algorithm
over time to iron out its
shortcomings. So much
so that, many believe
the original PageRank
now plays only a
subordinate role in
ordering of the results.
The current algorithm is
thought to focus more
on the keyword
characteristics. But with
Google keeping the actual
algorithm completely hidden
(with good reason), we may
never completely understand
how Google googles.
March 2010 16
Contributed Articles
N M EN
TAI
TEC
H
The term 'hacking' sounds
interesting to today's geeky
generation. So how many of us
know what hacking actually is?
How many know what the
purpose of hacking is? Let's
together try to recognize these
queries.
To know who or what a
hacker is, we shall first see, what a
hacker is not? First and foremost
a hacker IS NOT A CRIMINAL!
Hackers are neither the ones who
break the laws nor do they steal
credit card information. Likewise
hackers don't belong to the breed
of people who release viruses on
the internet. Interestingly, a
hacker may not always be a
computer wizard. All the above
descriptions that are seemingly
familiar to the definition of a
hacker are nothing more than a
misconception and a
misconstruction of the mass
media and people.
So, who is a hacker? Most
of the hackers have these very
interesting qualities and
characteristics. He likes to think
out of the box. Everything he tries
to do is with the aim of testing his
own limits! He always wants to
achieve things that so far people
have considered to be
unachievable or impossible. He
will, almost always, want to try
out things that are not written in
the manual or the rule book. The
most important ingredient that a
17 March 2010
T 2.‘Ethical’
Hacking!
hacker has is unlimited curiosity.
He constantly thrives to discover
unknown features, characteristics,
tips and tricks. A hacker has to be
dedicated to knowledge and
research in his field. He also is
highly creative and innovative.
All these traits are necessity for
being a hacker. After knowing this,
it's not bizarre to term the greats
White hat hackers
have prior
permissions from
the administrator
to exploit the
loopholes!
of Newton, Einstein and Edison
as hackers. These were the real
hackers who did things beyond
the average person's aptitude;
they flourished to challenge and
stretch the limits.
A hacker today, is by and
large associated with computers
and computer security. The
individualities that you need to
have to become a modern-day-
hacker are:- You need to excel in
computer security. You need to
know at least one programming
language, which more often than
not is, C++. You essentially have to
be networking guru, you must
CSI-SAKEC
Jugal Thakker
B.E.(Computer)
know how the internet works,
how the computers communicate,
and should know the in and out of
networking concepts and rules.
Moreover to be good hacker, you
need to have the basics of UNIX,
since all good security experts
will encounter UNIX at some time.
Most appropriately to catch a
criminal you need to become one,
hence, a hacking attitude, which
is to have criminal or a crooked
mind, is a prerequisite.
Let us have a look at the
following good real world
analogy to hacking. Assume the
ultimate goal is breaking into a
safe (the safe is a database, a
password file, confidential
records or whatever). The safe is
located inside of a physical
building (the computer that hosts
the data). The building is located
inside a town (the computer is
connected to a network). There is
a path/highway leading to the
town and the path connects the
town to other towns and/or cities
(read Internet/Intranet). The
town/city is protected by a
tollgate or an inspection point (the
network is protected by a firewall,
screening router etc.) There might
be certain residents (the police) in
the town looking for suspicious
activity, and reporting it to the
town's mayor (the police reports
attacks to the sysadmin).
B u i l d i n g s h a ve t h e i r o w n
protection methods, locks &
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 CSI-SAKEC Contributed Articles

chains, and access doors (on-host

firewalling, TCP wrappers,
usernames and passwords).
The motive behind
hacking is what separates the
good guys from the bad ones. The
ones with a positive aim for
hacking are termed as 'white hat
hackers' and the bad guys are the
'black hat hackers'. Understandably
the white-hats follow a set of rules
or ethics while exploiting a given
system hence they are also known
as ethical hackers. Ethics is
defined as 'the discipline dealing
with what is good and bad and
with moral duty and obligation'.
More simply, one could say it is
the study of what is right to do in a
given situation. Whereas the only
ethic the black-hats follow is to
break into the system regardless
of the security measures that are
taken to stop them from doing
that very task, of hacking. The
term hacking implies only to
breaking into a system. The
keyword here is, 'only'. That is, a
hacker, irrespective of the clan
that they belong to, aims only for
getting into the so called secure
network, but does not cause any
harm in terms of data loss or
stealing. So when people say that,
“my email account was hacked”,
they are actually wrong, because
of a fallacy in the usage of the term
TEC
hacker. It's is not the hackers who H
cause harm, but they are the
'crackers'.
Yo u m a y a s k , s i n c e
hackers don't pose any harm, why
are there blacks and whites? The
white hat hackers have prior
permissions from the
administrator to exploit the
loopholes into their application.
This exploitation brings out the
security issues with the system,
and hence, helps in creating a
much more secure application
and thus making ethical hackers
as 'friends of developers'. The black
hat hackers don't have any such
permission.Unlike their
counterparts, the black hat
hackers don't report the loopholes
TAI
N MEN
T
to the owners. But, in almost all
cases these security
vulnerabilities are brought to the
notice of crackers, who in turn use
it to steal or destroy data.
Consequently black hat hackers
are 'friends of crackers'. To begin
their journey to be deemed as
ethical, they are officially hired by
the companies, wherein they
perform penetration tests onto the
systems that the company builds.
A penetration test is basically
breaking into the network and
hence finding weak points in the
system. These weak points are not
exploited by them, but instead
like innocent good boys are
reported to the owners. The
system admins improve on these
vulnerabilities.
So, all the to-be-hackers
reading this, decide upon what
ethics you plan to follow, what
kind of a hacker you aim to be,
and decided for yourself whether
you fall into the elite group of
'ethical hackers'.

Google Search Made EASY

§ Site-specific. Use site: operator to search only within a certain website.[site: dumbl ittleman
§ File types. If you just want to search for .PDF files, or Word documents, or Excel spreadsheets,
for example, use the file type: operator.
§ Answer to l ife, the universe, and everything. Search for that phrase, in lower case.
§ Intitle: at the beginning of a query word or phrase (intitle:"Three Bl ind Mice") restricts your
search results to just the titles of Web pages.
§ Intext: searches only the body text, ignoring titles, l inks, and so forth. Intent: is perfect when
what you're searching for might commonly appear in URLs.

CACHE March 2010 18

Contributed Articles
M E NT
TE CH TAIN
The other day I was
talking to one of my friend
regarding his graphics project. He
was complaining about his slow
processor and other hardware
constraints which severely
hampered the development and
testing of his project . .Jokingly he
asked me if he could get a faster
processor or bigger RAM for his
system on lease (since he could
not afford to buy them
instantly)…so that he would use
them only while working on his
project and return them once not
needed. I suggested him to go to
the CLOUD. His problem is
similar to most of the small and
medium businesses (SMBs) as
well as traditional enterprises in
verticals such as banking,
financial services and insurance
(BFSI), and manufacturing.
These companies have a specific
IT requirement but need to invest
a considerable amount of their
resources in acquiring and
maintaining the software and
hardware for the company. Also
sometimes they may require a
particular hardware or software
which may be costly so they either
have to find an alternate way out
or use the resources of some other
company which delays the
development of the project. The
solution is a revolutionary
concept called CLOUD
COMPUTING [CC] . Although
19 March 2010
3.Cloud
Computing
the concept of cloud computing
was present long ago it is poised
to take off now. But the question is
what is cloud computing?
CLOUD COMPUTING
refers to both the applications
delivered as services over the
Internet and the Hardware and
systems software in the
datacenters that provide those
services. It delivers higher
efficiency, massive scalability, and
faster, easier software
development. special kind of
software called middleware.
In cloud computing your
data is present on your machine
but on a remote server of the
company providing you the
s e r vice. In order to access your
The foundations of
The nextgeneration of
computing… A world
where the network is
the platform for
all Computing…
data you just need to install the
middleware software that will
connect you to the cloud when
needed and you can use the entire
services in the cloud (the net or
the remote server) as per your
requirement).
CSI-SAKEC
Anilkumar Panda
T.E.(I.T.)
Dhaval Savla
T.E.(computers)
The basic technologies for
cloud computing such as
horizontal scaling, distributed
computing nodes, virtualization
have been available for some time.
Virtualization the abstraction of
computer resources is the
cornerstone technology for all
cloud architectures.
Virtualization allows servers,
storage devices, and other
hardware to be treated as a pool of
resources rather than discrete
systems, so that these resources
can be allocated on demand.
Techniques such as
paravirtualization which allows
a single server to be treated as
multiple virtual servers, and
clustering which allows multiple
servers to be treated as a single
server.
A cloud computing
system , consists two sections: the
front end and the back end. They
connect to each other through a
network, usually the Internet .The
front end is the client's computer
and the applications required to
access the cloud computing
system. On the back end of the
system are the various
computers, servers and data
storage systems that create the
"cloud" of computing services.
Each application will have its own
dedicated server. Central server
administers the system,
monitoring traffic and client
demands to ensure everything
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 CSI-SAKEC Contributed Articles

r u n s s m o o t h l y. I t f o l l o w s
protocols and uses a Middleware
that allows networked TEC
computers to communicate with H TAI
each other. N MEN
Cloud Computing
provides the following three T
types of services:
1. Software as a Service (SaaS):
SaaS provides complete
application as a service to the
clients on demand via
paravirtualization.
E.g.:Salesforce.com
2.Platform as a Service
(PaaS):PaaS offerings can provide
for every phase of software
development and testing. Eg:
Google App Engine.
3. Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS): Servers, storage systems,
switches, routers, and other
systems are pooled (through
virtualization technology, for
example) to handle specific types
of workloads from batch
processing to server/storage
augmentation during peak loads Fig 1: Cloud Computing Architecture
over the network. E.g.: Amazon
Web Services, Joyent. users having to worry for peak cloud computing suitable for
Major advantages of
loads. business continuity and disaster
cloud computing are:
recovery.
1. It could bring hardware and 3. Batch processing can help
maintenance costs down. CC analyze blocks of terabytes of Thus, CC ushers in a new
systems give easy access to data simultaneously saving level of efficiency and economy in
software.. server hours. delivering IT resources on
2. Scalability via dynamic ("on- 4. Reliability is improved demand and thus creates new
demand") allocation of resources through the use of multiple market opportunities and
on a, self-service basis without redundant sites, which makes business models.

Know the RUN commands...

· Calc --Calculator · Osk -- to access on screen keyboard

· Control --Displays Control Panel
· Hostname --Returns Computer's name
· Logoff -- to logoff the computer
· Nslookup--Returns your local DNS server
· Ping --Sends data to a specified host/IP
·Sysedit -- Edit system startup files
·Taskmgr --Task manager
· WinWord -- to open Microsoft word
· Write -- Used to open WordPad

CACHE March 2010 20

Contributed Articles
EN
N M
H TAI
TEC
Cryptography is a
technique used to hide the
meaning of a message. It is
derived from the Greek word
kryptos (hidden). This is different
from steganograhic techniques. In
cryptography one is not hiding
the actual message, only the
meaning of the message. If a
message were to fall into the
hands of the wrong person,
cryptography should ensure that
that message could not be read.
Typically the sender and receiver
agree upon a message scrambling
protocol beforehand and agree
upon methods for encrypting and
decrypting messages. Thus
Cryptography can be defined as
the science of encrypting and
decrypting messages.
In Cryptography the
message to be encrypted is
referred as plain text while the
encrypted message is referred as
cipher text.
FIRST CIPHER
The first cipher was made
by Julius Caesar who used it to
communicate with his generals. It
is named 'Caesar Box' after the
c r e a t o r .
The system goes as follows:
First select a message to be
encrypted. Make sure the length
of the characters your message is a
p e r f e c t s q u a r e .
For example: "CAESAR BOX"
Write it in a square grid (here, 3*3
21 March 2010
T
4.CRYPTOGRAPHY
g r i d
C A
S A
B O
Now read it horizontally....
The encrypted message shall
CSBAAOERX.
ENIGMA
The need to encrypt
messages appeared at the end of
World War I (although encryption
techniques had already existed
for a long time).
It was a Dutchman living in
Germany, Dr. Arthur Scherbius,
who developed the Enigma
machine for commercial
purposes; this machine was used
to encode messages. The
machine's price at the time
(equivalent to 30,000 euros today)
made it a miserable failure.
Codes that can be used
Concealing secret messages
For example:
CALL
Can Alter Lavender Laces.
Or we can use transposition or
substitution system or both under
cipher system.
You can either re-arrange letters in a
pre-planned pattern or realign letters
of alphabet.
For Instance,
The quick brown fox jumps over the
CSI-SAKEC
Rushabh Pasad
T.E. (I.T.)
) lazy dog.
E
R Would read
X
Eht kciuq nworb xof spmuj revo eht
be yzal god.
This can be easily encoded.
Monoalphabetic Substitution
A monoalphabetic
substitution is one where a letter
of plaintext always produces the
same letter of ciphertext. This
cryptographic technique is used
very extensively nowadays
The operation is very
similar to the Caesar Cipher, with
the exception that the cipher
alphabet does not have the order
which it had in the previous
examples (which are just special
cases of monoalphabetic
substitutions). An example of a
monoalphabetic substitution is
s h o w n b e l o w .
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 CSI-SAKEC Contributed Articles

One may naïvely think

that this cipher is secure, after all
there are 26! (approx. 4 x 10 26)
different cipher alphabets to
choose from, however the letter
frequencies and underlying
patterns will be unchanged - and
as such the cipher can be solved
by pen and paper techniques.
These more advanced techniques
include looking systematically at
the position of letters in words in
order to identify vowels, pattern
words, and looking at the letter
frequencies, though common
pairings (TH, HE etc.) may come
up.
The most common
English letters are ETAIN... It is
highly likely that in any
ciphertext, we have some matches
- though it is not a certainty. It
should also be noted that the most
commontrigraph (three letter
sequence) in English is 'THE'.
PC-Bar Code
If you look in your
refrigerator or pantry, you will
TEC
H TAI
find that just about every package
you see has a UPC bar code
printed on it. In fact, nearly every
item that you purchase from a
grocery store, department store
and mass merchandiser has a
UPC bar code on it somewhere.
Have you ever wondered where
these codes come from and what
they mean?
"UPC" stands for
Universal Product Code. UPC
bar codes were originally created
to help grocery stores speed up
the checkout process and keep
better track of inventory, but the
system quickly spread to all other
retail products because it was so
successful.
A standard UPC code has
12 digits. First 6 are the
N
MEN
T
Manufacturer Identification
Number, next 5 digits are the item
code and the last digit is the check
digit.
Cryptography is
emerging as a very important tool
in the field of security today. With
s e c u r i t y b e c o m i n g a ve r y
important field in the world of
today, cryptography is being
catapulted into the limelight
together with other methods of
security. Indeed cryptography is
one of the first lines of defense
against hackers and crackers in
today's world. .

Kill Processes from Command Prompt!!!

Open up an Administrative level Command Prompt :

C:\>taskl ist ....(to see all of the running processes)

Image Name PID Session Name Mem Usage

=========== === ============ ==========
notepad.exe 25304 Console 5,852 K

to kill the notepad process run:

C:\>Taskkill /IM notepad.exe /F
or
C:\>Taskkill /PID 25304 /F (only the specific instane of firefox will be terminated. )

The /F flag is kills the process forcefully.

CACHE March 2010 22

How to crack an interview... CSI-SAKEC

A C E last
An Interview is the
stage in placement
F
O leave anythingprocess, one cannot afford to
C E T to chance. Face to Face
A
F revealsgives an insight into the interview process and
how one can emerge from the grueling
Placement Interviews.This article has been written with the
help of excerpts from the interviews of Anish Venugopal, Sashank
Shah, Sagar Gupta, Akshay Rao, graduates from SAKEC.

1.How do you go 2. Does the 3.How important is

about the preliminary experience of working in a it to have knowledge of
preparations? Which subjects student organization help in current affairs and business
should be brushed up before any way while giving the news? How to remain abreast
the interview? interview? with it?
Ans: Working in a student
organization adds an edge to
Ans: Before going for an Ans: Business updates are
your Resume. It inculcates basic
interview one should brush up essential for Group
qualities that one needs to
all programming languages Discussion rounds and HR
survive in corporate
that one has mentioned in their interview. To be abreast with it
world like it improves your
resume. Being acquainted with one can refer Business Today,
communication skills,
the basic concepts of The Analyst, mint or even
confidence level, teaches you
engineering subjects is a Economic Times. You can also
how to be a team player ,how to
prerequisite. subscribe to online portals like
co-ordinate in a group and
SiliconIndia.com.
makes you a better manager.

5. Can you give some tips on

4.How to crack the aptitude 6.How to cope up with
the Group Discussion round?
test and how to prepare for nervousness and tension
the same? inside the interview room?
Ans: In GD it is important to
Ans: To crack the aptitude test
speak sense. It is also about Ans: Inside the interview room
one should have clear
listening to others and coming try to stay calm and composed.
concepts of secondary school
to a common conclusion at the It is human tendency to feel
mathematics. Vocabulary is
end. One should understand nervous but show confidence in
another important aspect in
the topic well and try to note your abilities and try to
clearing aptitude tests. One
down the punching points. establish eye contact with the
can solve a few aptitude test
If one can direct the interviewer. Also be specific
papers to get a hands-on
discussion, nothing like it, else while answering the questions,
practice and also an idea
have regular and effective don't provide any vague or
about how to
contributions. hypothetical information.
tackle such tests.

23 March 2010 CACHE

 CSI-SAKEC
7. Mention some questions
that the interviewee can
ask the interviewer
Ans: This is the easiest question
of the interview and hence one
can impress the interviewer
here. Learn a little bit of the
company and ask some
question related to work or the
company's background. This
will show your interest towards
working in that specific
company. Its too early to ask
about salary, vacation, etc. so
Skip such questions.
8. How much do
extra and co curricular
activities count?
Ans: Activities related to career
and profession matter at the time
of interview. Working on some
projects or doing internships can
help in grabbing the top-notch
job. Also participating in
Technical festival of various
colleges can add a
point in the resume.
9. How
important is your academic
performance?
Ans: Academic performance
helps in clearing the criteria for
many companies, apart from
giving a boost to one’s
confidence before the
recruitment process, recruiters
have a tendency to look for
people with better percentages.
But having practical knowledge
and real-world skills are more
important.
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How to crack an interview...
FAC
ET
O FA
CE
10.What not to do at an
interview?
Sharpen your wit!!!
Ans: It is very important to take
note of what not to do in an
Try to answer the following
interview as this can prevent one
frequently asked interview
from making any major blunders
questions.
or mistakes. One should not rush
to the person who has already
1. What are your salary
been interviewed. Try to be
expectations?
simple and straightforward
2. What can you do for this
.Politely apologize if you make
company?
any mistake.Also don't fumble
3. How are you different from
or panic, be yourself and
others who have been
maintain your confidence.
interviewed?
4. What is the color of the wall
behind you?(you haven’t noticed
11. How to the color when you entered)
handle tricky and weird 5. How many steps have you
questions? climbed up?
6. Why are you wearing such
color coordinated clothes?
Ans: Such questions test the
7. How will you move mount
smartness and confidence of the
Fuji?
interviewee so don't avoid them.
8. How it is possible to place
One should answer such
four points that are equidistance
questions to the best of one's
from each other?
ability and understanding.
9. You have to draw three
Never say anything negative
concentric circles with a line
about yourself. Whatever
passing through their center
question is posed make sure you
without lifting hand.
give a positive spin to your
10. You are given a cake; one of
answer. This is especially true
its corner is broken. How will u
regarding question about things
cut the rest into
you have mentioned as your
two equal parts?
weaknesses. Whatever weakness
you may have listed, make sure
(Note: Answers to these
you can justify how you have
questions are given on
tried to work on your weakness
Page 31 . )
and that you have achieved
some progress.
March 2010 24
Acquaint yourself with gizmos... CSI-SAKEC

D Z ! Bored of the
E N
R hand clock
common hour hand- minute
-T
TE CH display, dream of environ-
friendly comp... Nowdays there are gadgets
that solve every query, every whim of the
consumer. TECH-TRENDZ brings to you a plethora of
gadgets-from the ‘currently hot’ ones to the ‘soon to be
releasing ones....’

25 March 2010 CACHE

 CSI-SAKEC Acquaint yourself with gizmos...

TEC
H -TR
E ND
Z!

CACHE March 2010 26

Check your fun-quotient...
CROSS-QUOTIENT
Across
1. Keeping track of links to content.
2. Search retrieving matches for partially/misspelled
words.
5. Evolving protocol for syndication & sharing of
contents.
7. Optimizing website to get better results in search
engine.
8. Small text string stored on user's comp by a web
browser.
10. Favorite language of CGI programmers.
11. n/w of educational sites separate from the Internet.
12. Program that prowls internet for publicly accessible
resources.
15. s/w tool for locating people on other Internet sites.
17. Tool to test whether a host is reachable across an IP
n/w.
23. Standard protocol for email retrieval.
24. Link between pages in a website.
25. Location on which a website is placed.
27 March 2010
CSI-SAKEC
26. Synonym for cyber piracy.
27. Main trunk connections of the Internet.
29. Provide client station with access to shared resources
on n/w.
31. Device that forwards data packets between n/w.
33. One who attempts to gain infamy in chats or on
forums?
34. Unique visitor to the site from a campaign source.
35. Listing given by search engine in response to
keyword inquiry.
Down
1. Communication protocols used to connect host to the
Internet.
2. A fiber optic n/w transmitting data at 100 mbps.
3. Act of sending unsolicited bulk emails.
4. A http server& open source application.
6. Web service that combines two or more tools to create
a new service.
7. Java server side module.
8. A hacker.
9. A freeware browser.
13. Equivalent to 'Favorites' of Internet Explorer.
14. Program used to view HTML documents.
16. s/w monitoring activities of user while he/she
navigates the Internet.
18. One who searches the Internet for references of
himself?
19. Etiquettes on the Internet.
20. A message or a message fragment.
21. An online dairy of journal.
22. Site, an exact copy of the Internet site.
27. Unit of data transmission speed.
28. Method of moving caffeine across WANs.
30. Abbr, serial line Internet protocol.
32. A family of wed feed formats.
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 CSI-SAKEC Check your fun-quotient...

UPLIFT
YOUR
IQ
7.This is a number crossword puzzle. Enter
one numeral character into each square. The
1.A man builds a house rectangular in
clue consists of mathematical operations.
shape. All sides have southern
(e. g. "D.6 x 3" means, that the number you
exposure. A big bear walks by,
are looking for is three times bigger than
what color is the bear? Why?
number D.6).
2.The day before yesterday I was 25 and the
next year I will be 28. This is true only one
day in a year. What day is my birthday?

3. Using the given programming language,

the following words have their equivalents
next to them, what should FOX be?

CLICK = 100501100K
MILK = 1000150K
LOG = 50OG
LIFE = 501FE
ALIVE = A5015E
FOX = ==?==
CLUES
4.What word is represented by this Across:
arrangement of letters?
A.1 = D.6 x 3
HROOOBD
A.4 = A.7 x A.7
A.5 = (D.3 x 7) - 1
5.What number comes next in this sequence:
A.6 = A.1 + A.5
A.7 = D.3
1 23 124 1251 26127 128129 ==?==
Down:
6.Name an ancient invention, which is still D.1 = ?
used in some parts of the world today, that D.2 = A.7 x 6
allows people to see through walls. D.3 = D.6 + 6
What can this be? D.4 = A.4 - 210
D.6 = (D.2 + 9) x 1/7

(Note: Answers to these questions are given on page 31 . )

CACHE March 2010 28

Winners of CSI-SAKEC events CSI-SAKEC

E RS
CH IEV
D A
TE
EN CSI-SAKEC has been
TAL instrumental in conducting
competitions enabling students stretch their
limits and apply their knowledge.We take this
opportunity to congratulate the: 'Winners(2007-2009).’

Abhishek Mehta Lithin Thomas

1st position 1st position (Zodiac)
Zeal Eureka

Piyush Upadhay Pankaj Savla

1st position 1st position (Zodiac)
Flash & dreamweaver Eureka

Chandrakant Deshmukh Bharat Vishwakarma

2nd position tie 2nd position (DishitaBharat)
Flash & dreamweaver Eureka

Nikit Vora Dishita Trivedi

2nd position tie 2nd position (DishitaBharat)
Flash & dreamweaver Eureka

29 March 2010 CACHE

 CSI-SAKEC Winners of CSI-SAKEC events

People succeed at everything TAL

E NTE
if they enjoy doing it. DA
CHI
E VER
S
Viral Vira
1st position
Virtual DJ 1

Bhavi Savla Sagar Dedhia

2nd position 1st position (Maverick)
Virtual DJ 1 iDeveloper

Sudatta C Jithin T K
3rd position 1st position (Maverick)
Virtual DJ 1 iDeveloper

Anand biswas
1st position Saurabh Raje
Virtual DJ 2 2nd position (CodeMasters)
iDeveloper

Prasad Parawadi Suyash Pavanoji

2nd position 2nd position (CodeMasters)
Virtual DJ 2 iDeveloper

Shruti Narain
3rd position
Virtual DJ 2

CACHE March 2010 30

Help corner CSI-SAKEC

CROSS- QUIOTENT SHARPEN

YOUR WIT!!
1.The best that company can offer based on my
qualification and my capability.
2.With my hard work and dedication, I would like to
contribute my bit for the company which would take
it to new heights.
3.I don't know the others so I cannot tell you the
difference but I can tell you that I have a curious mind
which also loves to accept challenges and due to its
curiosity it learns more.
4.It is the same as the wall in front of you.
5.I wish to climb even more steps in my life than I
have just climbed(Assuming that I have no idea)
6.Because I feel comfortable in this pair, makes me
look good.
7.An ideal response would be to break the question
down, and try solving it in stages. First, you'd have to
UPLIFT YOUR IQ estimate the amount of material to be moved, so pick
1. The bear is white since the house is built othe hypothetical numbers for density of the soil and the
North Pole. height of Mount Fuji (you'd get extra points for
2. He was born on December 31st and spoke knowing that information), and use the formula for
about it on January 1st. volume of a cone to calculate the volume of material.
3. FO10: where Roman numerals exist they are Extrapolate that to get the mass of material to be
replaced by their modern equivalents, V = 5, moved. Finally, tackle the actual transport part:
X = 10, L = 50 etc. estimate that a backhoe can excavate x tons per day,
4. Robin Hood. and a truck can move y tons per trip. Assume z hours
5.1301311: The sequence 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, per day and so on.
etc. has been broken into chunks of 1, 2, 3, 4 etc. 8. Only 3 points can be equidistant from each other.
6. A window! But if one places points in the shape of a pyramid
7. A1=135 D1=1651 then its possible to place four points at equal distance
A4=2601 D2=306 from each other.
A5=356 D3=51 9.Start the line complete one circle move inside
A6=491 D4=2391 circles along the line and then draw second circle.
A7=51 D6=45 Like wise rest.
10. Slice the cake!

31 March 2010 CACHE

CSI-SAKEC