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Authors calculations, based on data from Child Care Aware State Fact Sheets
and the U.S. Census ACS 2014 estimates. http://www.usa.childcareaware.org/
advocacy-public-policy/resources/reports-and-research/statefactsheets/.
Child Care Aware of America. 2015 State Fact Sheets, data collected represents
2014. http://www.usa.childcareaware.org/advocacy-public-policy/resources/reportsand-research/statefactsheets/.
2
Ibid.
National Institute for Early Education Research. The State of Preschool 2015:
State Preschool Yearbook Executive Overview. Pg 18. http://nieer.org/sites/nieer/
files/Executive%20Summary%202015.pdf.
Calculated by author from publicly available data from U.S. Census ACS 2014
Estimates, National Head Start Association State Fact Sheets, and Office of Child
Care CCDF Statistics; assumes no program overlap. All data from 2014.
6
Schulman, Karen; Blank, Helen. National Womens Law Center. Building Blocks:
State Child Care Assistance Policies 2015. Table 2: Waiting Lists for Child Care
Assistance. Pg 26. https://nwlc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/CC_RP_Building
_Blocks_Assistance_Policies_2015.pdf.
7
Examples include: National Research Council and Institute of Medicine (2000)
From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development.
Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development. Jack P.
Shonkoff and Deborah A. Phillips, eds. Board on Children, Youth, and Families,
Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, D.C.:
National Academy Press. https://www.nap.edu/catalog/9824/from-neurons-toneighborhoods-the-science-of-early-childhood-development. Wein, Harrison. National
Institutes of Health. Early Childhood Program Has Enduring Benefits. June 20,
2011. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/early-childhood-pro
gram-has-enduring-benefits.
Wein, Harrison. NIH Research Matters. National Institutes of Health. Early Childhood Program Has Enduring Benefits. 2011. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/
nih-research-matters/early-childhood-program-has-enduring-benefits.
8
Zaslow, M., Anderson, R., Redd, Z., Wessel, J., Tarullo, L. and Burchinal, M. (2010).
Quality Dosage, Thresholds, and Features in Early Childhood Settings: A Review
of the Literature, OPRE 2011-5. Washington, D.C.: Office of Planning, Research and
Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services. http://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/opre/quality_
review_0.pdf.
11
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Administration for Children &
Families Office of Child Care. Child Care and Development Block Grant Act (CCDBG)
of 2014: Plain Language Summary of Statutory Changes. November 18, 2014.
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/occ/resource/ccdbg-of-2014-plain-language-summaryof-statutory-changes.
13
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Administration for Children &
Families Office of Child Care. Early Childhood Training & Technical Assistance System.
Data Explorer & State Profiles. Accessed July 6, 2016. All licensing requirements
are reported from the ECTTA systems data set from the last year available (2013
and 2014), which predates the CCDF authorization. States may have made updates to
these licensing requirements subsequently. https://childcareta.acf.hhs.gov/data.
14
National Association for the Education of Young Children. NAEYC Early Childhood Program Standards and Accreditation Criteria & Guidance for Assessment.
Pg 98. April 1, 2016. http://www.naeyc.org/files/academy/file/AllCriteriaDocument.pdf.
15
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Administration for Children &
Families Office of Child Care. Early Childhood Training & Technical Assistance System.
Data Explorer & State Profiles. Accessed July 6, 2016. https://childcareta.acf.hhs.
gov/data.
16
17
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Administration for Children &
Families Office of Child Care. Early Childhood Training & Technical Assistance System.
Data Explorer & State Profiles. Accessed July 6, 2016. Ohio does not license family
child care homes, and does not require a criminal history record for group child
care. South Dakota does not license either of these settings. https://childcareta.
acf.hhs.gov/data.
18
19
Ibid.
Ibid.
20
Ibid.
21
22
Ibid.
23
Ibid.
24
Ibid.
25
The Build Initiative & Child Trends. A Catalog and Comparison of Quality Rating
and Improvement Systems (QRIS) [Data System]. Retrieved from http://qriscompendium.org/ on July 7, 2016. Data updated as of October 31, 2015. All data on QRIS
systems described and analyzed accessed from the QRIS Compendium website or
data queried from the report generation tool.
26
Ibid.
27
Ibid.
28
Ibid.
30
Center for Advanced Study of Teaching and Learning. Curry School of Education.
University of Virginia. Measuring and Improving Teacher-Student Interactions in
PK12 Settings to Enhance Students Learning. http://curry.virginia.edu/uploads/
resourceLibrary/CLASS-MTP_PK-12_brief.pdf.
31
The Build Initiative & Child Trends. A Catalog and Comparison of Quality Rating
and Improvement Systems (QRIS) [Data System]. Retrieved from http://qriscompendium.org/ on July 7, 2016. Data updated as of October 31, 2015. All data on QRIS
systems described and analyzed accessed from the QRIS Compendium website or
data queried from the report generation tool.
32
Ibid.
33
Ibid.
35
See: Institute of Medicines report brief, Transforming the Workforce for Children
Birth Through Age 8: A Unifying Foundation, April 1, 2015, http://www.national
academies.org/hmd/Reports/2015/Birth-To-Eight.aspx; CSG Knowledge Center blog
coverage of the Department of Educations report on the same subject, June 17, 2016,
http://knowledgecenter.csg.org/kc/content/department-education-report-highlightschallenges-early-childhood-education-workforce; The UC-Berkeley Center for the
Study of Child Care Employments Early Childhood Workforce Index and corresponding report, July 7, 2016, http://cscce.berkeley.edu/early-childhood-workforce-index/.
37
Ibid. Pg 3.
38
Ibid. Pg 4.
39
40
41
Ibid.
42
43
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Administration for Children &
Families Office of Child Care. Early Childhood Training & Technical Assistance System.
Data Explorer & State Profiles. Accessed July 6, 2016. Data current as of October 1,
2013, https://childcareta.acf.hhs.gov/data.
44
45
Ibid.
Sarah Smith, CSG Graduate Fellow, ssmith@csg.org