Cisco Small Cell Architecture Patrice Nivaggioli Consulting System Engineer SP EMEAR

Dubrovnik, Croatia, South East Europe
20-22 May, 2013
Cisco Small Cell

Architecture
Patrice Nivaggioli
CSE, SP EMEAR
2012
2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Connect
Agenda
Small Cell Solution Overview
Unified WLAN Access Network

Intelligent Core
Inter-Access Mobility
Addressing Exponential Growth of Traffic
Growth
1000
100
18x
Growth
Macro
Ubiquitous
Coverage
2G/3G/4G
Macro
Capacity
10
Spectrum
High Bandwidth
Consumer
1990 1995
2000
2005
2010 2015
Source: Agilent
Overall Capacity Increase not

Keeping Pace with Data Demand
Business
Community
Wi-Fi
Licensed
Small Cells (Licensed/Unlicensed)

is the answer to increase bpHz/m2
Small Cell Market Drivers
GROWTH IN
MOBILE DATA
LACK OF
SPECTRUM
ATTRACTIVE
ECONOMICS
OF OFFLOAD
WI-FI
UBIQUITOUS
IN DEVICES
High-growth Wi-Fi opportunities

are attracting intense competition
BIG SHIFT
TO INDOOR
CONSUMPTIO
N
Ciscos Small Cell solutions for SPs

Flexible Radio Technology
Small Cells: WiFi/Licensed/Converged APs to
increase Coverage and Capacity
Seamless Mobility
Next Generation Hotspots (NGH)
transforms Wi-Fi resulting in
mobile like authentication, roaming
Common Service, Control

Cisco Mobile Packet Core (MPC)
to monetize (policy, roaming,
analytics, advertising, etc)
Access Agnostic Services

GTPv2/PMIPv6 architecture for IP
service continuity across access
networks (Wi-Fi/3G/4G)
Cisco Connect
Cisco Small Cell Architecture

PROVISIONING
CISCO PRIME
Cisco 3G Small Cells

Enterprise and Home
Small Cell
Gateway
Cisco 3G Small Cell
for Aironet
Cisco Aironet Wi-Fi

Indoor & Outdoor
3G/4G
Core
Cisco ASR 5x00
Wireless Controller
Cisco 8510
SON
Subscriber/ MNO Gateway

Cisco ASR1000
QNS POLICY
Internet
Unified WLAN Access
2012
Cisco
Cisco Connect
Connect
77
SP Wi-Fi Access Components

Management
Prime
Mobility
Services
Controllers
WLC
Access
Points
Cisco Connect
RF Intelligence Helps Service Providers

Deliver High-Quality Service over Wi-Fi
ClientLink
BandSelect
Beamforming: focusing RF energy

towards clients
AP-assisted 5Ghz band selection
Up to 87% throughput improvement

20% range increase
Optimizes RF utilization
Frees up 2.4GHz space for single band
clients
Tested & validated by
Higher user density
CleanAir
Silicon-based spectrum analyzer
Automatically mitigate impact of
wireless interference
Self-healing, optimization
Network-wide visibility
What is Clientlink Technology?

Silicon-level intelligence that focuses DL RF energy
(Beamforming) directly to 802.11a/g clients
Higher Signal Strength Higher Throughput (up to 85%)
Higher Signal Strength More Range (~20%)
w/o Clientlink
Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

DL: 2010
Downlink
w/ Clientlink
10
What is CleanAir Technology?

Silicon-level intelligence to automatically mitigate the impact of
wireless interference, optimize network performance and reduce
troubleshooting costs
Classification processed on Access Point
Interference impact and data sent to WLC for real-time action
WCS and MSE store data for location, history, and troubleshooting
11
The move to 802.11ac

802.11ac
2.4GHz & 5.0GHz
5.0GHz only
MAC
Throughput
Spatial Streams
Modulation
Mbps
3500*
Mbps
290 Mbps 6.9 Gbps
1300
Mbps
45 Mbps 420 Mbps

4
194 Mbps 4.8 Gbps
Mbps
Mbps
256 QAM
20 or 40 MHz
20, 40, 80, *80+80, 160

MHz
54
450
65
Mbps
Mbps
24
2
870
Mbps
Mbps
11
Mbps
Mbps
290
290
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
802.11
802.11b
1999
3
Spatial
Streams
Mbps
300
Key benefits:
Increased speed
Improved battery life
1730*
600
64 QAM
Channel Width
Mbps
8
Spatial
Streams
802.11ag
2003
802.11n
2007
2013
Wave 1
802.11ac
* Assumes 160 MHz channel width is available and usable
1
Spatial
Streams
2 Gigabit Ethernet Uplinks
65 Mbps 600 Mbps
PHY Rate
6900
Gigabit Ethernet Uplink
Band
802.11n
6900
2014
Wave 2
802.11ac
Cisco Connect
12
High density Wi-Fi for Connected Stadium

Ability to scale to support extreme capacities
Superbowl XLV had 942
indoor and outdoor Wi-Fi APs

deployed around stadium
Over 15,000 unique devices
connected to the network
High gain directional
antennas used with beam
width of 36 degrees used to
provide small cell coverage
With 3,000,000 sqft of
coverage, average cell size
approached 3000 sqft
Cisco 3G Small Cell Module for Aironet

Power/Backhaul/Real Estate Solved
Fully integrated, high performance, low cost 3G small cell for voice, data
and messaging services:
Cisco 3G Small Cell Module for
Reduced network costs and
operations with integrated design
Aironet
Reduced CapEx through reuse of
Ethernet connection and power

cabling
Install, power-up and go with zero
touch configuration
Secure, carrier-grade 3G base
station technology
Standards-based, operating as
Home Node B in the standard

3GPP Architecture for small cells,
with the specified Iuh interface
Cisco 3600 Aironet
Rapid-deployment licensed small cell addition to SP Wi-Fi
RESIDENTIAL
SMB
ENTERPRISE
VENUE
MICRO CELL
METRO CELL
POWER
20mW
7-13dBm
100mW
17-20dBm
5W
33-37dBm
4-8 Users
1 Node/site
8-16 Users
1 Node/Site
250mW
20-24dBm
16-32+ Users
1-10/10+
Node/Site
2W
24-33dBm
USERS
250mW
20-24dBm
16-32+ Users
1-10,10+
Node/Site
32-64+ Users
1 Node/Site
64-128 Users
1 Node/Site
ACCESS
Closed
Closed/Open
Open/Hybrid
Open
Open
Open
Hand Out
Hand Out,
SC2SC
Distributed/Hy
brid
Hybrid
Hand In/Out,
SC2SC
Hybrid
(w/ group
mgmnt)
Hand In/Out,
SC2SC
Hybrid
(Macro
integration)
Hand In/Out,
SC2SC
Hybrid
(Macro
Integration)
BACKHAUL
internet
Internet/Mana
ged
Internet
Other
Other
PROVISIONING
TR-069
TR-069
Hand In/Out,
SC2SC
Hybrid
(w/ group
mgmnt)
Internet/Mana
ged
TR-069
(w/ group
mgmnt)
TR-069
Other
TR-069
Other
HAND OVER
SON
Internet/Mana
ged
TR-069
(w/ group
mgmnt)
Cisco Connect
15
Cisco Connected Mobile Experiences

Three Stages to Engagement on WLAN
DETECT
CONNECT
ENGAGE
GUEST PRESENCE
GUEST ACCESS
GUEST EXPERIENCE
Mobile device
detection, registration
Seamless, secure
Wi-Fi onboarding
Location-based
content and services
Mobility Service Engine Analytics

Which area did people spend time at?
Most frequently used paths in the venue
Peak times in the store? New or repeat customers?
% of shoppers who walk by without entering
Cisco Connect
17
Mobility Service Engine Mobile Billboard

Marketing Dept
Guests inside Wi-Fi Hotspot
Billboard Management Platform
New Web Browser

Experience
WLAN
Value-added services first

then hyper local ads
Real-time, Web-based,
Easy-to-use
Cisco Connect
18
Transforming Visitor Experience with Personalized, Managed Wi-Fi
3G
Local Services
Download Fernbank App
Hi, I am Jack.
You are now in the
Hear
Ill bethat
yourRoar?
tour
Great Room.
See how
DOWNLOAD
50%
COMPLETE
guide
today.
the Giganotosaurus
lived JESSICA_
millions of
years ago!
Business Intelligence
Promotions
Seamless
Handoff from 3G/4G
Context-Based
Analytics
Network
Services
Discovery
Turn
by Turn
navigation
Information
to
Wi-Fi
Using
AT&T
WISPr
Personalized
Application
Local
Services
Downloaded
Application
Tour
Discovery
Guide
on
Social
Networking
the on
Device
based
Location
Visitor
Location
Client or HotSpot 2.0
View Note Card

Continue
Please Follow
Route to find NatureQuest
Cisco Connect
19
Intelligent Core
Architecture
2012
Cisco
Cisco Connect
Connect
20
20
Cisco Licensed Small Cell and SP Wi-Fi

Architecture
CISCO RMS PROVISIONING
CISCO PRIME
Cisco 3G Small Cells

Enterprise and Home
Small Cell
Gateway
Cisco 3G Small Cell
for Aironet
Cisco Aironet Wi-Fi

Indoor & Outdoor
3G/4G
Core
Cisco ASR 5x00
Wireless Controller
Cisco 8510
SON
Subscriber/ MNO Gateway

Cisco ASR1000
QNS POLICY
Internet
Cisco SP Wi-Fi Architecture Overview

Hotspots/Metro and Residential Wi-Fi
SNMP / SOAP
Prime Infrastructure
Mobility Service Engine
DHCP / DNS
QNS Policy (AAA /

PCRF / Portal)
AAA / DB / HLR
SIGTRAN
RADIUS / CoA
CAPWAP
Internet
AP
WLC
Subscriber
Sessions
Service Flow
RG
CMTS
ISG
Subscriber
Services
Cisco Connect
22
Cisco SP Wi-Fi Architecture Overview

MPC/EPC Interworking
Prime Infrastructure
Mobility Service Engine
DHCP / DNS
SNMP / SOAP
QNS Policy (AAA /

PCRF / Portal)
AAA / DB / HLR
SIGTRAN
RADIUS / CoA
CAPWAP
Internet
AP
iWAG
WLC
GTPv1, PMIPv6, GTPv2*

Service Flow
RG
CMTS
ETHoGRE or
PMIPv6
Subscriber
Sessions
Subscriber
Services
GGSN/PGW
Cisco Connect
23
ASR5K Small Cell Gateway

Combined SeGW/HNBGW
Integrated SeGW (Optional)
HNB
NAT and Firewall Traversal

DHCP or IP Pools for IP address allocation
HNBGW Features
Iuh over
IPSec
Multiple authentication (X.509 & EAP-SIM/AKA)
3GPP R9 Standard compliance (Iuh, Iu over IP or ATM)

Full idle and active mode mobility
MSC
Open/Closed/Hybrid access mode
HLR
Intelligent Paging
Iu Flex for multi CN connectivity
S/GGS
N
Future Capabilities
3GPP R10 compliance
Feature integration (SGSN/GGSN, PDG)
Internet
Intern
et
AAA
Iurh Support
Presence/Location Service API (XMPP interface)
EMS
Enterprise integration
Cisco Connect
24
Small Cell Solution (SCS) 1.0 Reference

Solution Architecture Shipping Today
AP
RMS Client
(TR069, CMHS)
Radio Stack
Radio HW
Full AP
Mgmt
and Provisioning
Registration, Activation,
Care:
XML/HTTP
Mgmt
over
TLS
Up to 16 active Users
Closed/Open access
HDPA (14.4 Mbps/5.7Mbps)
RMS
DMZ
Iuh protocol
TR-069
Interference monitoring
PMG
HTTP
LB/
XMPP (max
Configurable output power
SSL
24dBm/250mW)
BAC
Several form factors:
NTP
Consumer Access Point
Iuh,
Enterprise Access Point CMHS
CS, PS
Over
Integrated Wi-Fi/Femto
IPSec
SP OSS
DCC
UI
CAR
TR-069 standard compliance

AP Software Download Mgmt
Northbound interface/API for OSS&BSS
AAA / RADIUS
integration
Whitelists
Access Control list management
HNB status monitoring
Highly
scalable and flexible architecture
RAN
DHCP
ASR 5000
IuCS
Firewall
Upload
Server
CNR
SeGW
ASR 5000 integrated SeGW/HNBGW

CS, etc.
PS
Multifunction platform: S/GGSN, LTE Iuh,
EPC,
High capacity (up to 1Mios HNB per full chassis)
Alarms
3GPP Compliance (Iuh, Iu-CS & -ps)
& KPIs
Alarms
1:n Stateful redundancy& KPIs
Alarms
& KPIs
Open/Closed Mode
Full mobility
Prime Mobility
Prime Mobility for Fault, Performance,
Configuration
Femto
Prime
Prime
Prime
NMS
Central
Performance
Network
SP MSC
HNB-GW
IuPS
SP SGSN or
GGSN
Alarms
& KPIs
SP NMS
Provided by
Operator
Cisco Connect
25
Cisco Prime for Mobility
Cisco Prime
Performance Manager
Cisco Prime
Infra*
NBI
Cisco Prime
Central
Cisco Prime
Network
Cell Site, RAN Backhaul, Evolved Packet Core, Data Center
Meeting the Mobile Network and Service Requirements of Both Today and Tomorrow
Quantum Network Suite for Policy

A Policy Platform for Network Service Innovation
Source: O2 UK in Small Cells Summit,

London June 2012
Cisco Connect
28
Source: O2 UK in Small Cells Summit,

London June 2012
cSON: a mandatory requirement for Small Cells
Cisco Connect
29
Cisco SON Use Cases

Automatic
Parameter
Organization
(Plug & Play)
APO
Automatic
Neighbor
Relations
ANR
Coverage &
Capacity
Optimization
and
Interference
management
DIM
Load
Balancing
& Traffic
Shaping
DLB
Radio-aware
traffic
management
RATM
Mass Event
Handling
MEH
Mobility
robustness
optimization
MRO
Synchronization and Coordination

Self Organization
Macro cells
Self Optimization
Small cells
Self Healing
Core Network
Multi-Vendor API
Cisco Connect
30
2012
Cisco
Cisco Connect
Connect
31
31
Inter-Access Mobility Requirements

Overview
Multiple Interface on UE and Connection Management
-
Requires Network functions like HS20 and ANDSF

Requires Device functions like Connection Manager
Fast Roaming
- To be further investigated in standards for Residential (Fast Re-authentication with Key
sharing)
IP session persistency
-
Requires DSMIPv6 or MIPv4 client in client based approach

For Network Localized Mobility
-
It requires a Virtual IP intf. on the UE which hides the Mutiple Intf. to the applications
It requires a Common IP Anchor for the Session like a PGW
For 3G WiFi, it requires S4 SGSN model and LTE capable devices
IP Flow Mobility
-
Traffic Class to segregate Flows on different interface (upstream) and networks

(downstream)
Not available on UE today
History of SP Wi-Fi Authentication

UNTRUSTED WI-FI NETWORK
TRUSTED WI-FI
NETWORK
Web-Based Auth/No Encryption

Mostly Hotspot Side Business
Auto
Portal
Page
Portal
Page
Web-Logon
802.11
1997
Apple
Airport
Web
Auth
1999
802.1x/802.11i 3G Offload
802.1x
802.11i
WISPr
MAC based TAL
EAP-FAST
EAP-SIM
EAP-TLS
WISPr
1.0
Apple
iPhone
WISPr
2.0
HS2.0
2003
2007
2010
2011
Cisco Connect
33
Can you tell me your

network info?
Before I associate?
HS20 Sample Scenario
Manual Setup
1. Power-on or unlock the phone

2. Select Wi-Fi network
(vulnerable to rogue AP)
3. Go to Webauth
4. Browse webpage and enter right

credential, usually ID/PWD
5. Choose roaming plan
Regular
Client
Hotspot 2.0
Automatic Setup
Client
1. Power-on or unlock the phone
2. Handset automatically validates
network and initiates connection.
NAI Realm / 3GPP Cellular Info
Domain Name (hotspot operators
FQDN = Fully Qualified Domain
Name)
HS2.0 Info
6. Start Internet
Makes Wi-Fi easy-to-use and secure like 3G cellular
Yes! Here it is:

PLMN ID: {208, 00}
EAP Method = EAP-SIM
802.11u enabled network is compatible with non-11u devices!

Cisco Connect
34
Cisco Access Policy Control (c-ANDSF)

Mobile Packet Core
3G/4G
Macro Site
AAA
Femto Cell
Stadium/
Hotspot
OCS
PCRF
HSS
SPR
S14
c-ANDSF
IP
Backhaul
eWAG/ePDG
SGW/PGW/MME
Best user experience for smart phones and tablets
including non-SIM devices
SP
Services
Internet
Network controlled access selection including QoS
considerations
Simple policies based on location, time of day, user status
and available networks

Bi-directional and efficient S14 interface
Intelligent client
Cisco Connect
35
Inter Access Mobility

S2a based Example
CAPWAP
Intra-Access Mobility
FSR
FSR
HSS
AP
WLC
SWa
CAPWAP
iWAG
MAPCON,
IFOM, Session
Persistency
S6b
GTPv2
SWx
WLC
AP
eNodeB
WLAN AAA
SGW /MME
PMIPv6 or GTPv2
PGW
Cisco Connect
36
Inter Access Mobility

S2b based Example
HLR
AP
Untrusted Wi-Fi Access

IKEv2/IPSEC
tunnel
SWm
ePDG
WLAN AAA
SWx
MAPCON,
IFOM, Session
Persistency
AP
S6b
GTPv2
eNodeB
SGW /MME
PMIPv6 or GTPv2
PGW
Cisco Connect
37
Dynamic selection of PGW

3GPP to Wi-Fi
HSS knows which PGW is the UE PDN anchored.

This was provided by SGSN/MME
Upon ACCESS AUTHO REQ from the WAG, the

AAA provides the allocated PGW with the
corresponding PDN info to the WAG, after querying
the HSS that provides that information as part of
the UE Subscriber data, providing also the MN-NAI
to use in the PBU
PGW updates AAA using AUTHO REQ and the

AAA does the same with the HSS
HSS knows which PGW is the UE PDN anchored.

This was provided by PGW.
During the Attach Procedure, the MME will perform

a LU and SDR where the UE PDN Subscription
information is provided.
UE dependencies as this has to set Handover

Indication FLAG.
WAG
SGW/MME/SGSN
S6a/S6d
STa
SWx
S6b
AAA
HSS
PGW
Wi-Fi to 3GPP
WAG
SGW/MME/SGSN
S6a/S6d
STa
SWx
HSS
S6b
AAA
PGW
Cisco Connect
38
Converged LTE/Wi-Fi Architecture Vision

Integrated Licensed and Un-licensed
ANDSF
& CSG
Server
S1-MME/IPSec
LTE
S11
HetNet
Policy &
Charging
S1-u
HeNB
Internet
SAE
GW:
LTE
Trusted
Wi-Fi
Security
D-SON
802.11
MME
HeNB
GW
S2-u
WTP
Security
Converged Gateway
Cisco Universal Small Cell
WLC
CAPWAP/DTLS
SON
S2-c
C-SON
Server
Thank you.
Cisco Connect
40

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Dubrovnik, Croatia, South East Europe

20-22 May, 2013

Cisco Small Cell

Unified WLAN Access Network

Addressing Exponential Growth of Traffic

Overall Capacity Increase not

Small Cells (Licensed/Unlicensed)

Small Cell Market Drivers

High-growth Wi-Fi opportunities

Ciscos Small Cell solutions for SPs

Common Service, Control

Access Agnostic Services

2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.