Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Introduction ..........................................................................................................................
Technical Terms ....................................................................................................................
Learning Outcome #1 .......................................................................................................... 1
Information Sheet #1-1 ....................................................................................................... 2
Operation Sheet #1-1 .......................................................................................................... 6
Learning Outcome #2 .......................................................................................................... 8
Information Sheet #2.1 ....................................................................................................... 9
Activity Sheet #2.1 ............................................................................................................ 10
Learning Outcome #3 ........................................................................................................ 13
Job Sheet
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
1|Page
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
2|Page
Program/Course
Unit of Competency
Module
Electronic
INTRODUCTION
This module contains information and suggested learning activities on Computer Hardware
Servicing NC II. It includes the following competencies: plan and prepare for termination/
connections of electrical wiring/electronic circuits, terminate/connect electrical wiring/electronic
circuits, and test termination/connections of electrical wiring/electronic circuits.
It consists of three (3) learning outcomes. Each learning outcome contains learning activities
supported by each instructional sheet. Upon completion of this module, report to your teacher to
assess your achievement of knowledge and skills requirement of this module. If you pass the
assessment, you will be given a certificate of completion.
Plan and prepare for termination and connection of electrical wiring and electronic circuits.
LO2.
LO3.
REFERENCES:
1. Agpaoa, Feliciano, Interior and Exterior Wiring Troubleshooting, National books Store, 1991
2. Enriquez, Michael, Simple Electronics (Basic) Fully Illustrated, Antonio M. Andes Sr.
Electronics Book Series
3. www.electronics-lab.com
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
3|Page
4. www.wikipedia.com
Voltage
- The measure of the push on each electron which makes the electron
move. The term potential difference and voltage are often used
interchangeably to mean the push, thus, you may see the term
electromotive force (EMF) or just the word potential to describe the
electron push in certain instances.
Current
Resistance
Power
Resistor
Capacitor
Termination
OHS
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
4|Page
Program/ Course
Unit of Competency
Module #3
Learning Outcome 1: Plan and Prepare for Termination and Connection of Electrical
Wiring and Electronic Circuits
Assessment Criteria:
1.
2.
3.
4.
References:
1. Agpaoa, Feliciano, Interior and Exterior Wiring Troubleshooting, National books
Store, 1991
2. Enriquez, Michael, Simple Electronics (Basic) Fully Illustrated, Antonio M. Andes Sr.
Electronics Book Series
3. Cardenas, Elpidio, Fundamentals and Elements of Electricity, National Book Store,
1991
4. www.wikipedia.com
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
5|Page
Alternating Current or AC is the solution to the problem of DC. AC allows the flow of current
in two directions. Today, it is possible to step-up electricity, a power station, transmit it to
any distant place and step it down to for consumption. A transformer is the device used for
stepping-up or stepping-down AC voltage. Common sources of AC are found in our AC
outlet (Typically, 220 volts, in the Philippines).
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
6|Page
Ohms law states that, for a constant current, the current in a circuit is directly
proportional to the total voltage acting in the circuit and inversely proportional to the
total resistance of the circuit.
The law may be expressed by the following equation if the current I is in amperes, EMF E is
in volts, and the resistance R is in ohms.
The relationship of the foregoing three variables was discovered by Georg Simon Ohm,
who theorized that current is in direct proportion to resistance. The relationship is
explained algebraically, using this formula:
where:
R = E/I
E = IxR
I = E/R
Resistance
Voltage
Current
E EMF in Volts
R Resistance
I Current in Amperes
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
7|Page
A. Practice Problems:
1.
Required
I=?
E = 25 V
R = 25
G. I
H. P
2.
Required
I = 9A
E=?
R = 72
E. E
F. P
3.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
Required
8|Page
I = 25 A
E=?
P = 100W
C. R
4.
Required
I = 4.5A
E=?
P = 350 W
A. E
B. R
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
9|Page
A Simple circuit contains the minimum things needed to have a functioning electric
circuit. A simple circuit requires the following:
AC/DC source
Equipment that will operate on either an AC or DC power source
Battery A dc voltage source containing two or more cells that convert
chemical energy to electrical energy.
Cell- Single unit used to convert chemical energy into a DC electrical
voltage.
FUSE
Once you design a simple circuit on electronics, it
is important to include a
fuse in the primary or
secondary of a transformer.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
10 | P a g e
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
11 | P a g e
I.
series with one of the connecting wires of simple circuit affords a means of
controlling the current in the circuit.
Switch function
o When the switch is closed, the electron finds an interrupted path in the
circuit.
o Open is the OFF position of the switch, while closed is the ON position.
o When the switch is opened, the current delivered by the power supply is
normally insufficient to jump the switch gap in the form of an arc and the
electron flow in the circuit is blocked.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
12 | P a g e
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
13 | P a g e
Circuit Symbol
Function of Component
Wire
Wires joined
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
14 | P a g e
Power Supplies/Source
Component
Circuit Symbol
Function of Component
Cell
Battery
DC supply
AC supply
Fuse
Transformer
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
15 | P a g e
Earth
(Ground)
Circuit Symbol
Function of Component
Lamp (lighting)
Lamp (indicator)
Heater
Motor
Bell
Buzzer
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
16 | P a g e
Inductor
(Coil, Solenoid)
Switches
Component
Circuit Symbol
Push Switch
(push-tomake)
Function of Component
A push switch allows current to flow only when the
button is pressed. This is the switch used to operate a
doorbell.
Push-to-Break
Switch
On-Off Switch
(SPST)
2-way Switch
(SPDT)
Dual On-Off
Switch
(DPST)
A. Identify each of
these symbols:
PC HARDWARE
SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
17 | P a g e
COMPONENTS
SYMBOLS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
COMPONENT
FIGURE
1.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
18 | P a g e
2.
3.
4.
A simple circuit contains the minimum things needed to have a functioning electric
circuit
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
19 | P a g e
source
CONSUMING
Connecting device
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
20 | P a g e
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
21 | P a g e
-COM
+ POS
(Black)
(Red)
2. Check if the pointer rests exactly at the infinite zero position in ohmmeter range.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
22 | P a g e
Zero Ohm
Adjustment
knob
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
23 | P a g e
Note:
The pointer should deflect
towards zero ohm reading
Zero
ohm
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
24 | P a g e
B.
Resistance Measurements
1. Always do the Initial Steps in Using Analog Multi-tester.
2. In testing resistors, capacitors, diodes etc. do not touch both test probe lead,
because our body also has resistance that could affect the reading value of the
electronic components we are testing.
3. If you do not know the value of the resistor to be measured, find the ohmmeter
selector setting until you have a clear reading in the ohmmeter scale.
Ohmmeter Scale
(From infinite to Zero)
Infinite Resistance
open resistor Open
connection or
Ohm
Adjustment
Zero
Resistance
Short
Ohmmeter
Selector
connection
Range
(x1, x10, x1K, x10K
ohms)
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
25 | P a g e
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
26 | P a g e
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
27 | P a g e
C.
Voltage Measurement
Set the selector knob to the proper scale range. The chosen scale range must be higher
that the anticipated voltage to be measured. The settings for AC and DC illustrates below
and voltmeter scale where the voltage read.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
28 | P a g e
+ POS (red)
- COM (black)
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
29 | P a g e
Be careful in testing DC voltages especially in polarity. Be sure that the positive test
probe (red) is at the positive voltage supply and the negative test probe (black) is at the
negative or common ground of the supply voltage.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
30 | P a g e
As illustrated, the deflection of the pointer differs from example 5. Do not be confused
because the only difference is the setting, not the voltage. The first setting sets at 10 volts.
This setting is more sensitive than 50 volts setting. Be careful in setting the voltage. In
testing voltage like in our example, the best setting for 9 volts is at 10-volt setting. Because
it reads more clearly than 50-volt or higher. Do not test 9-volt or higher in 0.5 or 2.5 volts
setting. It can damage your tester.
In testing AC Voltages, it does not matter if the test probes are interchanged.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
31 | P a g e
D.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
32 | P a g e
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
33 | P a g e
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
34 | P a g e
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
35 | P a g e
Sample 1: 4 - Band
Give the value and tolerance of the
resistor band: orange, brown, red ,
silver. As shown below
Solution:
Orange
Brown
Red
1st digit:
Orange
-3
2nd digit:
Brown - 1
3rd digit:
Red
- x100
4th digit:
Silver
- +10%
Silver
Therefore:
31 x 100 = 3.1 kilo ohms (K) + 10%
Sample 2: 5 Band
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
Resistor value
36 | P a g e
Solution:
1st digit:
Green
-5
2nd digit:
Violet
-7
3rd digit:
Gray
-8
4th digit:
Brown - x10
5th digit:
Brown - + 1%
Therefore:
Green
Violet
Gray
Brown
Brown
Resistor value
We, and many others, were taught a little sentence to remember the sequence of
the resistor colors like Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Gray, and
White, which refers to: Black Boy Rape One Young Girl but Violet Gives Willingly. As you
will agree this saying no longer applies to the society we live in today for obvious offending
reasons. And we are hesitant to even mention it but fact is, it was part of our learning for
decades and so we decided to mention it for reference purposes only.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
37 | P a g e
Sample 3: 4 Band
Give the value and tolerance of the
resistor band: yellow, blue, brown,
gold. As shown below
Solution:
Yellow
Blue
Brown
1st digit:
Yellow - 4
2nd digit:
Blue
-6
3rd digit:
Brown
- x10
4th digit:
Gold
- + 5%
Gold
Therefore:
46 x 10 = 460 ohms () + 5%
Sample 4: 5 Band
Resistor value
Solution:
Violet
Orang
e
Orange
Yello
Red
PC HARDWARE
SERVICING
w
1st digit:
Violet
-7
2nd digit:
Red
-2
3rd digit:
Yellow - 3
4th digit:
Orange
- x1000
5th digit:
Orange
- + 3%
Therefore:
38 | P a g e
Note:
K = Kilo ohm () = 1,000 ohms ()
M = Mega ohms () = 1,000,000 ohms ()
Example 1:
What is the possible resistance value of 100 + 10%
Since the tolerance of the given resistor is + 10%
Solution:
Decimal equivalent for 10%
For + 10%
100 + (100 x 0.10) = 110 (maximum)
Given resistance
For 5%
100 (100 x 0.10) - 90 (minimum)
To get familiarized with abbreviations in values, used below 4700 or 4K7, 1000 or 1K,
which is all the same. _ Every thousand (1000) is called a K which stands for Kilo. The M
stands for Mega (million). 1 Mega is 1000K or 1000 000 ohms. So 4K7 means 4 thousand
and 7 hundred or 4700 ohms. 6K8 means 6 thousand and 8 hundred or 6800 ohm. One
more example, 1M2 means 1million and 200,000 or 1,200,000
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
39 | P a g e
Ohms. Here are a couple more: 1K92 = 1.92K = 1920 ohms, 100E = 100 ohms, 19K3 = 19.3K
= 19300 ohms, 1M8=1.8M, etc., etc. These are abbreviations you find everywhere in the
industry, schematics, diagrams and whatever. It is normal and takes a bit of time to get
used to.
SELF-CHECK 3.1.4
A. Resistor Reading. Give the value and tolerance of the color-band resistor.
Tolerance: _________________
Red
Red
Red
silver
Tolerance: _________________
orange
red
yellow
gold
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
40 | P a g e
Tolerance: _________________
brown
black
orange
silver
Tolerance: _________________
white
blue
violet
silver
Tolerance: _________________
green
violet
green
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
41 | P a g e
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
42 | P a g e
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
43 | P a g e