SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

EMBEDDED SOFTWARE:

The Software is like the brain of the Embedded System.An Embedded

System Process exexcutes soft ware that is specific to a given application
of that system.

The application scenario makes embedded software special and different

from that of standard desktop software. You have varying requirements
and the characteristic of hardware platform is also different

The instruction codes and data in the final phase are placed in the ROM/
Flash Memory for all the tasks that are executed when the system
runs.The soft ware is called ROM image.

Embedded Software is a unique placement and arrangement of bytes for

a instruction and data
A machine implementable software file is like a table having in each
rows the address and bytes. The bytes are saved at each address of the
system memory.
EMBEDDED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS :

The development process can be shown in diagram. There are Cycles of

Editing-Testing-Debugging during the development phases.

The developer uses four main approaches to the edit-test-debug cycle.

They are

An IDE or Protoype Tool

Simulators
In-Circuit Emulator
Target system

FIG 4.1
Development process of an Embedded system

FIG 4.2
Edit-Test-Debug cycle during the implementation phase of development process
INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT:
It consists of simulators with editors, compilers,assemblers.an IDE must
have the following features.
It has a facility for defining a processor family as well as defining a
processor family as well as defining its version.
It has source code engg tools which incorporates the
editor,compiler,assembler,linker,locater,logic analyzer,stethoscope and
help
It has the facility of a user definable assembler to support newer version
or type of processor

 The design process divides into no of sub parts .each programmer is

assigned independent but linked tasks
It debugs by single stepping
It has facility for synchronizing the internal peripherals

FIG 4.3
Simple integrated developed environment

SIMULATORS:

Simulator uses knowledge of Target processor or

microcontroller,and target system architecture on the host processor
It uses linker and locator to port the cross-compilation of the codes
in RAM and functions like the code that would have run at the
actual target system.
Simulator software also simulates hardware units such as emulator,
peripherals,network and input-output devices on host
A simulator remains independent of a particular targeted system
IN-CIRCUIT EMULATOR:

ICE provides a greater flexibility and ease for developing various

applications on a single system instead of testing multiple targeted
systems.

 ICE is a circuit for emulating the target system that remains

independent of a particular targeted system processor, usable
during the development phase for most of the target systems that
will incorporate a particular microcontroller chip.
ICE is an emulator of the microprocessor of target circuit, such that
a host system connects to ICE through a serial link for debugging
purposes. ICE emulates various versions of a microcontroller
family during development phase using the remaining part of the
target circuit.
TARGET SYSTEM:
Target system differs from a final system . Target system interfaces with
the computer as well works as a standalone system .In target system
might be repeated downloading of the codes during the development
phase.
Target system copy made that later on functions as embedded system .
A target system has a processor,ROM memory,RAM for stack,
Temporary variables and memory buffers,peripherals and interfaces.

Designer later on simply copies it into final system or product.

Final system may employs ROM in place of flash, EEPROM or EPROM

in embedded system

Processor and hardware part once chosen remains fixed, the application
software codes have to be perfected by a number of runs and tests.

While the cost of the processor is quite small, the cost of developing a
final targeted system is quite high and Needs a larger time frame than the
hardware circuit.

FIG 4.4 TARGET SYSTEM

HOST AND TARGET MACHINES:
During the development process a host system is used before locating
and burning the code in the target board.

The target board hardware and software are later copied to get the final
embedded system which will function exactly as the one tested and
debugged and finalized during the development process.

The target system differs from a final system. It interfaces with the
computer as well works as a standalone system. It might be repeated
downloading of the codes into it during the development phase.
USING A HOST SYSTEM:
Most system is a pc or workstation or laptop. It has following hardware
Processor with cables
RAM
ROMBIOS
Large memory on disk
Key board
Display monitor
Mice

 Network connection
To be a full fledged computer it has software tools and must include
Program development kit for IDE
HOST processor compiler and cross compiler
Cross - Assembler
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT TOOL KIT:
Create source file that stores the edited file.
It has an editor. It is used for Writing c codes also used for
entry,addition,deletion,insert,appending and merging.
A high level language is machine independent when we use high level
language c a tool is needed for obtaining the machine codes for a target
system. Each language needs a compiler.
The development kit contains an interpreter, compiler, dissembler,
assembler,linker,loader,cross compiler, cross Assembler
Code generaion tools are used for creating and compiling at the host
system using latest software tools like profiler, memory scope.
Interpreter does expression by expression translation to the machine
executable codes.it helps in online execution of the codes
Compiler uses the complete set of the expressions it may also include the
expressions from the library routines and it helps in offline programming
for obtaining executable machine codes.
Dissembler translates the object codes into mnemomics form of assembly
language
An Assembler is a programme that translates the assembly mnemonics
into binary opcodes and instructions that is into an executable file called
object file.
A linker links the needed object code files and library code files .