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  • Temperature in Trusses

    Încărcat de

    Kevin Jiang
    46 vizualizări26 pagini
    The document discusses how to analyze trusses that experience thermal changes or fabrication errors using the stiffness method. It is a three step process where first, the fixed end forces caused by the thermal/fabrication effects are calculated. Second, the displacements of the nodes are determined. And third, the member forces are obtained by superimposing the forces from the fixed ends and the displacements. An example is also provided to demonstrate the full three step analysis.

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    Temperate in trusses. For any solid mechanics courses.

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    The document discusses how to analyze trusses that experience thermal changes or fabrication errors using the stiffness method. It is a three step process where first, the fixed end forces caused by the thermal/fabrication effects are calculated. Second, the displacements of the nodes are determined. And third, the member forces are obtained by superimposing the forces from the fixed ends and the displacements. An example is also provided to demonstrate the full three step analysis.

    Drepturi de autor:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    46 vizualizări26 pagini

    Temperature in Trusses

    Încărcat de

    Kevin Jiang
    The document discusses how to analyze trusses that experience thermal changes or fabrication errors using the stiffness method. It is a three step process where first, the fixed end forces caused by the thermal/fabrication effects are calculated. Second, the displacements of the nodes are determined. And third, the member forces are obtained by superimposing the forces from the fixed ends and the displacements. An example is also provided to demonstrate the full three step analysis.

    Drepturi de autor:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    din 26

    Thermal Changes and Fabrication Errors in

    Trusses Using the Stiffness Method

    Trusseshavingthermalchanges&
    fabricationerrors
    Temperaturechangesandfabricationerrorsin
    trussescanleadtosignificantchangesinthe
    internalforcesinadditiontothedisplacements.

    Trusseshavingthermalchanges&
    fabricationerrors
    Thermaleffects

    Trusseshavingthermalchanges&
    fabricationerrors

    Trusseshavingthermalchanges&
    fabricationerrors
    Staticallydeterminateandindeterminatetrusses

    j - is the number of joints


    m is the number of members
    R is the number of reaction forces
    i is the degree of static indeterminacy, if i is negative, then the
    truss is unstable!

    Trusseshavingthermalchanges&
    fabricationerrors
    Staticallydeterminateandindeterminatetrusses

    Trusseshavingthermalchanges&
    fabricationerrors
    Ifsomeofthemembersofthetrussaresubjected
    toanincreaseoradecreaseinlengthdueto
    thermalchangesorfabricationerrors,thenitis
    necessarytousethemethodofsuperpositionto
    obtainthesolution
    Thisrequires3steps

    Trusseshavingthermalchanges&
    fabricationerrors
    First,thefixedendforcesnecessarytoprevent
    movementofthenodesascausedbytemperature
    orfabricationarecalculated

    Trusseshavingthermalchanges&
    fabricationerrors
    Second,equalbutoppositeforcesareplacedonthe
    trussatthenodes&thedisplacementofthenodes
    arecalculatedusingthematrixanalysis

    Trusseshavingthermalchanges&
    fabricationerrors
    Third,theactualforcesinthemembers&the
    reactionsonthetrussaredeterminedby
    superposingthese2results

    Trusseshavingthermalchanges&
    fabricationerrors
    Step1:Fixedendforces
    Thisprocedureisonlynecessaryifthetrussis
    staticallyindeterminate!
    If a truss member of length L is subjected to a
    temperature increase T, the member will
    undergo an increase in length of L = TL. If
    this displacement is fully restrained, a force
    equals AE T will develop, Thus:
    p1 N temp EAT
    p2 N temp EAT

    Trusseshavingthermalchanges&
    fabricationerrors
    Thefixedendforcesarethentransformedtothe
    globalcoordinatesystemasfollows:
    ptemp C p
    T

    IfatemperaturedecreaseoccursthenTbecomes
    negative&theseforcesreversedirectiontohold
    thememberinequilibrium.

    Trusseshavingthermalchanges&
    fabricationerrors
    If a truss member is made too long by an
    amount L before it is fitted into a truss, the
    force needed to keep the member at its design
    length L is EAL /L:
    p1 N fab

    EAL

    p2 N fab

    EAL

    Trusseshavingthermalchanges&
    fabricationerrors
    Inglobalcoordinates,theseforcesare:
    p fab C p
    T

    Ifthememberistooshort,thenLbecomes
    negative&theseforceswillreverse

    Trusseshavingthermalchanges&
    fabricationerrors
    Step2:Obtainingthedisplacementsofthenodes:
    Followingthestandardprocedure:
    SolveforU fromP =K U
    HoweverP isassembledfrom:
    pload ptemp p fab

    pload
    whereisduetoexternalmechanicalloading

    Trusseshavingthermalchanges&
    fabricationerrors
    Step3:ForcesintheMembers:
    Oncethenodaldisplacementsareobtained,the
    memberforcesaredeterminedbysuperposition:
    Forcesduetodisplacements(step2)
    +
    Forcesduetofixedends(step1)

    u C u ; p k u N OR p k u ; N p1 2 p2 2

    Ntotal N Ntemp N fab

    Example

    Example(cont)

    Example(cont)

    Example(cont)

    Example(cont)

    Example(cont)

    Example(cont)

    Example(cont)

    Example(cont)

    Example(cont)

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