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HW12 Solutions
Solutions to HW12
Note: These solutions are D. J. Goodman, the authors of our textbook. I have annotated
and corrected them as necessary. Text in italics is mine.
Problem 10.10.2
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
where the last equality is justified by the fact that we are given that X(t) is wide sense
stationary. We see that neither E[Y (t)] nor RY (t, ) depend on t. Thus Y (t) is a wide
sense stationary process.
Problem 10.11.1
X(t) and Y (t) are independent wide sense stationary processes with expected values X and
Y and autocorrelation functions RX ( ) and RY ( ) respectively. Let W (t) = X(t)Y (t).
(a) Find W and RW (t, ) and show that W (t) is wide sense stationary.
(b) Are W (t) and X(t) jointly wide sense stationary?
(1)
In addition,
RW (t, ) = E [W (t)W (t + )]
(2)
= E [X(t)Y (t)X(t + )Y (t + )]
(3)
= E [X(t)X(t + )] E [Y (t)Y (t + )]
(4)
= RX ( )RY ( )
(5)
HW12 Solutions
(b) To examine whether X(t) and W (t) are jointly wide sense stationary, we calculate
RW X (t, ) = E [W (t)X(t + )] = E [X(t)Y (t)X(t + )] .
(6)
(7)
Since W (t) and X(t) are both wide sense stationary and since RW X (t, ) depends
only on the time difference , we can conclude from Definition 10.18 that W (t) and
X(t) are jointly wide sense stationary.
Problem 10.11.2
X(t) is a wide sense stationary random process. For each process Xi (t) defined below,
determine whether Xi (t) and X(t) are jointly wide sense stationary.
(a) X1 (t) = X(t + a)
(b) X2 (t) = X(at)
(1)
(2)
= RX ( ),
(3)
we have verified that X1 (t) is wide sense stationary. Now we calculate the cross
correlation
RXX1 (t, ) = E [X(t)X1 (t + )]
(4)
= E [X(t)X(t + + a)]
(5)
= RX ( + a).
(6)
Since RXX1 (t, ) depends on the time difference but not on the absolute time t, we
conclude that X(t) and X1 (t) are jointly wide sense stationary.
(b) Since E[X2 (t)] = E[X(at)] = X and
RX2 (t, ) = E [X2 (t)X2 (t + )]
(7)
= E [X(at)X(a(t + ))]
(8)
= E [X(at)X(at + a )] = RX (a ),
(9)
HW12 Solutions
we have verified that X2 (t) is wide sense stationary. Now we calculate the cross
correlation
RXX2 (t, ) = E [X(t)X2 (t + )]
(10)
= E [X(t)X(a(t + ))]
(11)
= RX ((a 1)t + ).
(12)
Except for the trivial case when a = 1 and X2 (t) = X(t), RXX2 (t, ) depends on both
the absolute time t and the time difference , we conclude that X(t) and X2 (t) are
not jointly wide sense stationary.
Problem 10.11.3
X(t) is a wide sense stationary stochastic process with autocorrelation function RX ( ) =
10 sin(21000 )/(21000 ). The process Y (t) is a version of X(t) delayed by 50 microseconds: Y (t) = X(t t0 ) where t0 = 5 105 s.
(a) Derive the autocorrelation function of Y (t).
(b) Derive the cross-correlation function of X(t) and Y (t).
(c) Is Y (t) wide sense stationary?
(d) Are X(t) and Y (t) jointly wide sense stationary?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(c) We have already verified that RY (t, ) depends only on the time difference . Since
E[Y (t)] = E[X(t t0 )] = X , we have verified that Y (t) is wide sense stationary.
(d) Since X(t) and Y (t) are wide sense stationary and since we have shown that RXY (t, )
depends only on , we know that X(t) and Y (t) are jointly wide sense stationary.
Comment: This problem is badly designed since the conclusions dont depend on the
specific RX ( ) given in the problem text. (Sorry about that!)
HW12 Solutions
Problem 11.2.1
Xn+1 + Xn + Xn1
.
3
hn Xin =
n=
1
1
1
Xi+1 + Xi + Xi1
3
3
3
(1)
(2)
i= j=
hi hj RX [n + i j]
(3)
1
1
1 X X
RX [n + i j]
9
(4)
1
(RX [n + 2] + 2RX [n + 1] + 3RX [n] + 2RX [n 1] + RX [n 2])
9
(5)
i=1 j=1
RY [n] =
n=0
|n| = 1
|n| = 2
otherwise
(6)
HW12 Solutions
Problem 11.2.2
RX [k] = RX (kTs ) = 10
(1)
(2)
(3)
Problem 11.3.1
2
21 22
1 1/2 1/4
CX = 21 20 21 = 1/2 1 1/2 .
(1)
2
1
0
2
2
2
1/4 1/2 1
From Definition 5.17, the PDF of X is
1 1
1
exp x CX x .
fX (x) =
2
(2)n/2 [det (CX )]1/2
(2)
Equivalently, we can write out the PDF in terms of the variables x1 , x2 and x3 . To do so
we find that the inverse covariance matrix is
4/3 2/3
0
C1
5/3 2/3
(3)
X = 2/3
0
2/3 4/3
A little bit of algebra will show that det(CX ) = 9/16 and that
1 1
2x2 5x2 2x2 2x1 x2 2x2 x3
x CX x = 1 + 2 + 3
.
2
3
6
3
3
3
(4)
4
2x21 5x22 2x23 2x1 x2 2x2 x3
+
+
.
fX (x) =
exp
3
6
3
3
3
3(2)3/2
(5)
It follows that
HW12 Solutions
Problem 11.3.2
(1)
(a) Following the approach of Equation (11.58), we can write the output Y3 = Y1 Y2 Y3
as
X0
X0
Y1
h1 h0 0 0
1 1
0 0
X1
X1
Y3 = Y2 = h2 h1 h0 0
(2)
=
1
1
1
0
X2
X2 .
Y3
0 h2 h1 h0
0
1 1 1
X3
|
{z
} X3
| {z }
H
X
We note that the components of X are iid Gaussian (0, 1) random variables. Hence
X has covariance matrix CX = I, the identity matrix. Since Y3 = HX,
2 2 1
CY3 = HCX H = HH = 2 3 2 .
(3)
1 2 3
Some calculation (by hand or by Matlab) will
5 4
1
1
CY3 =
4 5
3
1 2
1
2 .
(4)
2
(5)
(6)
(7)
HW12 Solutions
(b) To find the PDF of Y2 = Y1 Y2 , we start by observing that the covariance matrix
of Y2 is just the upper left 2 2 submatrix of CY3 . That is,
2 2
3/2 1
1
CY2 =
and CY2 =
.
(8)
2 3
1 1
Since det(CY2 ) = 2, it follows that
1
1 1
fY2 (y) =
exp y CY2 y
2
(2)3/2 [det (CY2 )]1/2
3 2
1
2
exp y1 2y1 y2 y2 .
=
2
(2)3/2 2
(9)
(10)
Problem 11.5.1
sin(2000 ) + sin(1000 )
.
2000
sin(x)
.
x
(1)
(2)
f
2000
5
rect
+
1,000
f
1,000
(3)
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
1500
1000
500
0
f
500
1000
1500
HW12 Solutions
Problem 11.6.1
(1)
We can find the PSD directly from Table 11.2 with 0.1|k| corresponding to a|k| . The table
yields
2 0.2 cos 2
1 (0.1)2
=
.
(2)
SX () = 1 +
2
1 + (0.1) 2(0.1) cos 2
1.01 0.2 cos 2