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>What is the main purpose of a DNS server?

DNS servers are used to resolve FQDN hostnames into
IP addresses and vice versa.

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>What is the port no of dns ?

53.
>What is a Forward Lookup?
Resolving Host Names to IP Addresses.
>What is Reverse Lookup?
It?s a file contains host names to IP mapping
information.

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>What is a Resource Record?

It is a record provides the information about the
resources available in the N/W infrastructure.
>What are the diff. DNS Roles?
Standard Primary, Standard Secondary, & AD
Integrated.
>What is a Zone?
Zone is a sub tree of DNS database.

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>Secure services in your network require reverse

name resolution to make it more difficult to
launch successful attacks against the services. To
set this up, you configure a reverse lookup zone
and proceed to add records. Which record types
do you need to create?
PTR Records
>SOA records must be included in every zone.
What are they used for ?
SOA records contain a TTL value, used by default in all
resource records in the zone. SOA records contain the
e-mail address of the person who is responsible for
maintaining the zone. SOA records contain the current
serial number of the zone, which is used in zone
transfers.
>By default, if the name is not found in the cache

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35.PREVENT E-MAIL MESSAGE

RECIPIENTS FROM USING REPLY ALL OR
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39.HOW TO CHANGE THE PRODUCT KEY FOR
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2007 OFFICE SYSTEM
40.TO AVOID "CHKDSK" WHICH STARTS
AUTOMATICALLY ,WHILE BOOTING
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62.WINDOWS ACTIVE DIRECTORY
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63.WINDOWS ACTIVE DIRECTORY
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64.ALL ABOUT WINDOWS 8

or local hosts file, what is the first step the client

takes to resolve the FQDN name into an IP
address ?
Performs a recursive search through the primary DNS
server based on the network interface configuration .
> What is primary, Secondary, stub & AD
Integrated Zone?
Primary Zone: - zone which is saved as normal text file
with filename (.dns) in DBS folder. Maintains a read,
write copy of zone database.
Secondary Zone: - maintains a read only copy of zone
database on another DNS server. Provides fault
tolerance and load balancing by acting as backup
server to primary server.
Stub zone: - contains a copy of name server and SOA
records used for reducing the DNS search orders.
Provides fault tolerance and load balancing.
> How do you manually create SRV records in
DNS?
This is on windows server go to run ---> dnsmgmt.msc
rightclick on the zone you want to add srv record to
and choose "other new record" and choose service
location(srv).
> What is the main purpose of SRV records ?
SRV records are used in locating hosts that provide
certain network services.
> Before installing your first domain controller in
the network, you installed a DNS server and
created a zone, naming it as you would name
your AD domain. However, after the installation
of the domain controller, you are unable to locate
infrastructure SRV records anywhere in the zone.
What is the most likely cause of this failure ?
The zone you created was not configured to allow
dynamic updates. The local interface on the DNS
server was not configured to allow dynamic updates.
> Which of the following conditions must be
satisfied to configure dynamic DNS updates for
legacy clients ?
The zone to be used for dynamic updates must be
configured to allow dynamic updates. The DHCP server
must support, and be configured to allow, dynamic
updates for legacy clients.
> At some point during the name resolution

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65.AVAYA TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

66.WINDOWS DESKTOP INTERVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
67.RAID LEVELS
68.DHCP INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
69.DNS INTERVIEW QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS

process, the requesting party received

authoritative reply. Which further actions are
likely to be taken after this reply ?
After receiving the authoritative reply, the resolution
process is effectively over.
> Name 3 benefits of using AD-integrated zones.
Active Directory integrated DNS enables Active
Directory storage and replication of DNS zone
databases. Windows 2000 DNS server, the DNS server
that is included with Windows 2000 Server,
accommodates storing zone data in Active Directory.
When you configure a computer as a DNS server,
zones are usually stored as text files on name servers
that is, all of the zones required by DNS are stored in a
text file on the server computer.
These text files must be synchronized among DNS
name servers by using a system that requires a
separate replication topology and schedule called a
zone transfer However, if you use Active Directory
integrated DNS when you configure a domain
controller as a DNS name server, zone data is stored
as an Active Directory object and is replicated as part
of domain replication.
> Your company uses ten domain controllers,
three of which are also used as DNS servers. You
have one companywide AD-integrated zone,
which contains several thousand resource
records. This zone also allows dynamic updates,
and it is critical to keep this zone up-to-date.
Replication between domain controllers takes up
a significant amount of bandwidth. You are
looking to cut bandwidth usage for the purpose of
replication. What should you do?
Change the replication scope to all DNS servers in the
domain.
>You are administering a network connected to
the Internet. Your users complain that everything
is slow. Preliminary research of the problem
indicates that it takes a considerable amount of
time to resolve names of resources on the
Internet. What is the most likely reason for this?
DNS servers are not caching replies.. Local client
computers are not caching replies The cache.dns file
may have been corrupted on the server.

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>What are the benefits of using Windows 2003

DNS when using AD-integrated zones?
If your DNS topology includes Active Directory, use
Active Directory integrated zones. Active Directory
integrated zones enable you to store zone data in the
Active Directory database.Zone information about any
primary DNS server within an Active Directory
integrated zone is always replicated.
Because DNS replication is single-master, a primary
DNS server in a standard primary DNS zone can be a
single point of failure. In an Active Directory integrated
zone, a primary DNS server cannot be a single point of
failure because Active Directory uses multimaster
replication.
Updates that are made to any domain controller are
replicated to all domain controllers and the zone
information about any primary DNS server within an
Active Directory integrated zone is always replicated.
Active Directory integrated zones: Enable you to
secure zones by using secure dynamic update.
Provide increased fault tolerance. Every Active
Directory integrated zone can be replicated to all
domain controllers within the Active Directory domain
or forest. All DNS servers running on these domain
controllers can act as primary servers for the zone and
accept dynamic updates.
Enable replication that propagates changed data only,
compresses replicated data, and reduces network
traffic. If you have an Active Directory infrastructure,
you can only use Active Directory integrated zones on
Active Directory domain controllers.If you are using
Active Directory integrated zones, you must decide
whether or not to store Active Directory integrated
zones in the application directory partition.
You can combine Active Directory integrated zones and
file-based zones in the same design. For example, if
the DNS server that is authoritative for the private
root zone is running on an operating system other
than Windows Server 2003 or Windows 2000, it
cannot act as an Active Directory domain controller.
Therefore, you must use file-based zones on that
server. However, you can delegate this zone to any
domain controller running either Windows Server 2003
or Windows 2000.
>You installed a new AD domain and the new (and

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first) DC has not registered its SRV records in DNS.

Name a few possible causes.
The machine cannot be configured with DNS client her own .
The DNS service cannot be run.
>What are the benefits and scenarios of using Stub
zones?
Understanding stub zones
A stub zone is a copy of a zone that contains only those
resource records necessary to identify the authoritative
Domain Name System (DNS) servers for that zone.
A stub zone is used to resolve names between separate DNS
namespaces. This type of resolution may be necessary when
a corporate merger requires that the DNS servers for two
separate DNS namespaces resolve names for clients in both
namespaces.
A stub zone consists of:
? The start of authority (SOA) resource record, name server
(NS) resource records, and the glue A resource records for
the delegated zone. The IP address of one or more master
servers that can be used to update the stub zone. The
master servers for a stub zone are one or more DNS servers
authoritative for the child zone, usually the DNS server
hosting the primary zone for the delegated domain name.
Use stub zones to:
? Keep delegated zone information current.
By updating a stub zone for one of its child zones regularly,
the DNS server hosting both the parent zone and the stub
zone will maintain a current list of authoritative DNS servers
for the child zone.
? Improve name resolution.
Stub zones enable a DNS server to perform recursion using
the stub zone's list of name servers without needing to
query the Internet or internal root server for the DNS
namespace.
? Simplify DNS administration.
By using stub zones throughout your DNS infrastructure, you
can distribute a list of the authoritative DNS servers for a
zone without using secondary zones. However, stub zones
do not serve the same purpose as secondary zones and are
not an alternative when considering redundancy and load
sharing.
There are two lists of DNS servers involved in the loading
and maintenance of a stub zone:
? The list of master servers from which the DNS server loads
and updates a stub zone. A master server may be a primary
or secondary DNS server for the zone. In both cases, it will
have a complete list of the DNS servers for the zone.
? The list of the authoritative DNS servers for a zone. This

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list is contained in the stub zone using name server (NS)

resource records. When a DNS server loads a stub zone,
such as widgets.example.com, it queries the master servers,
which can be in different locations, for the necessary
resource records of the authoritative servers for the zone
widgets.example.com. The list of master servers may
contain a single server or multiple servers and can be
changed anytime.

>What are the benefits and scenarios of using

Conditional Forwarding?
Rather than having a DNS server forward all queries it
cannot resolve to forwarders, the DNS server can
forward queries for different domain names to different
DNS servers according to the specific domain names
that are contained in the queries. Forwarding according
to these domain-name conditions improves
conventional forwarding by adding a second condition
to the forwarding process.
A conditional forwarder setting consists of a domain
name and the IP address of one or more DNS servers.
To configure a DNS server for conditional forwarding, a
list of domain names is set up on the Windows Server
2003-based DNS server along with the DNS server IP
address. When a DNS client or server performs a
query operation against a Windows Server 2003based DNS server that is configured for forwarding, the
DNS server looks to see if the query can be resolved
by using its own zone data or the zone data that is
stored in its cache, and then, if the DNS server is
configured to forward for the domain name that is
designated in the query (a match), the query is
forwarded to the IP address of a DNS Server that is
associated with the domain name. If the DNS server
has no domain name listed for the name that is
designated in the query, it attempts to resolve the
query by using standard recursion.

>What is the 224.0.1.24 address used for?

WINS server group address. Used to support auto
discovery and dynamic configuration of replication for
WINS servers. For more information, see WINS
replication overview WINS server group address. Used
to support auto discovery and dynamic configuration of
replication for WINS servers.
> Describe the importance of DNS to AD ?
When Microsoft began development on Active
Directory, full compatibility with the domain name

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system (DNS) was a critical priority. Active Directory

was built from the ground up not just to be fully
compatible with DNS but to be so integrated with it
that one cannot exist without the other. Microsoft's
direction in this case did not just happen by chance,
but because of the central role that DNS plays in
Internet name resolution and Microsoft's desire to
make its product lines embrace the Internet.
While fully conforming to the standards established for
DNS, Active Directory can expand upon the standard
feature set of DNS and offer some new capabilities
such as AD-Integrated DNS, which greatly eases the
administration required for DNS environments. In
addition, Active Directory can easily adapt to exist in a
foreign DNS environment, such as Unix BIND, as long
as the BIND version is 8.2.x or higher. When Microsoft
began development on Active Directory, full
compatibility with the domain name system (DNS) was
a critical priority.
Active Directory was built from the ground up not just
to be fully compatible with DNS but to be so integrated
with it that one cannot exist without the other.
Microsoft's direction in this case did not just happen by
chance, but because of the central role that DNS plays
in Internet name resolution and Microsoft's desire to
make its product lines embrace the Internet.
> What is the "in-addr.arpa" zone used for?
In a Domain Name System (DNS) environment, it is
common for a user or an application to request a
Reverse Lookup of a host name, given the IP address.
This article explains this process. The following is
quoted from RFC 1035: "The Internet uses a special
domain to support gateway location and Internet
address to host mapping. Other classes may employ a
similar strategy in other domains. The intent of this
domain is to provide a guaranteed method to perform
host address to host name mapping, and to facilitate
queries to locate all gateways on a particular network
on the Internet.
"The domain begins at IN-ADDR.ARPA and has a
substructure which follows the Internet addressing
structure. "Domain names in the IN-ADDR.ARPA
domain are defined to have up to four labels in addition
to the IN-ADDR.ARPA suffix. Each label represents one
octet of an Internet address, and is expressed as a
character string for a decimal value in the range 0-255
(with leading zeros omitted except in the case of a zero

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octet which is represented by a single zero).

"Host addresses are represented by domain names
that have all four labels specified." Reverse Lookup
files use the structure specified in RFC 1035.
For example, if you have a network which is
150.10.0.0, then the Reverse Lookup file for this
network would be 10.150.IN-ADDR.ARPA. Any hosts
with IP addresses in the 150.10.0.0 network will have
a PTR (or 'Pointer') entry in 10.150.IN- ADDR.ARPA
referencing the host name for that IP address. A single
IN- ADDR.ARPA file may contain entries for hosts in
many domains. Consider the following scenario. There
is a Reverse Lookup file 10.150.IN-ADDR.ARPA with
the following contents: Exp : 1.20 IN PTR
WS1.ACME.COM.
> What are the requirements from DNS to support
AD?
When you install Active Directory on a member server,
the member server is promoted to a domain controller.
Active Directory uses DNS as the location mechanism
for domain controllers, enabling computers on the
network to obtain IP addresses of domain controllers.
During the installation of Active Directory, the service
(SRV) and address (A) resource records are
dynamically registered in DNS, which are necessary for
the successful functionality of the domain controller
locator (Locator) mechanism.
To find domain controllers in a domain or forest, a
client queries DNS for the SRV and A DNS resource
records of the domain controller, which provide the
client with the names and IP addresses of the domain
controllers. In this context, the SRV and A resource
records are referred to as Locator DNS resource
records.
When adding a domain controller to a forest, you are
updating a DNS zone hosted on a DNS server with the
Locator DNS resource records and identifying the
domain controller. For this reason, the DNS zone must
allow dynamic updates (RFC 2136) and the DNS server
hosting that zone must support the SRV resource
records (RFC 2782) to advertise the Active Directory
directory service. For more information about RFCs,
see DNS RFCs.
If the DNS server hosting the authoritative DNS zone
is not a server running Windows 2000 or Windows
Server 2003, contact your DNS administrator to

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determine if the DNS server supports the required

standards. If the server does not support the required
standards, or the authoritative DNS zone cannot be
configured to allow dynamic updates, then modification
is required to your existing DNS infrastructure.
For more information, see Checklist: Verifying DNS
before installing Active Directory and Using the Active
Directory Installation Wizard.
Important
The DNS server used to support Active Directory must
support SRV resource records for the Locator
mechanism to function. For more information, see
Managing resource records. It is recommended that
the DNS infrastructure allows dynamic updates of
Locator DNS resource records (SRV and A) before
installing Active Directory, but your DNS administrator
may add these resource records manually after
installation. After installing Active Directory, these
records can be found on the domain controller in the
following location: systemroot\System32\Config
\Netlogon.dns .
> What does a zone consist of & why do we
require a zone?
Zone consists of resource records and we require zone
for representing sites.
> What is Caching Only Server?
When we install 2000 & 2003 server it is configured as
caching only server where it maintains the frequently
accessed sites information and again when we access
the same site for next time it is obtain from cached
information instead of going to the actual site.
> What is forwarder?
When one DNS server can?t receive the query it can
be forwarded to another DNS once configured as
forwarder.
> What is secondary DNS Server?
It is backup for primary DNS where it maintains a read
only copy of DNS database.
> How to enable Dynamic updates in DNS?
Start>Program>Admin tools> DNS >Zone properties.
> What are the properties of DNS server?
INTERFACES, FORWARDERS, ADVANCED, ROUTINGS,
SECURITY, MONITORING, LOGGING, DEBUG
LOGGING.

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> Properties of a Zone ?

General, SOA, NAMESERVER, WINS, Security, and
ZONE Transfer.
> What is scavenging?
Finding and deleting unwanted records.
> What are SRV records?
SRV are the service records, there are 6 service
records. They are useful for locating the services.
> What are the types of SRV records?
MSDCS:Contains DCs information.
TCP:Contains Global Catalog, Kerberos & LDAP
information.
UDP:Contains Sites information.
Sites:Contains Sites information.
Domain DNS Zone:Conations domain?s DNS specific
information.
Forest DNS zone:Contains Forest?s Specific
Information.
> Where does a Host File Reside?
c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc.
> What is SOA?
Start of Authority: useful when a zone starts. Provides
the zone startup information.
> What is a query?
A request made by the DNS client to provide the name
server information.
> What are the diff. types of Queries?
Recursion, iteration.
> Tools for troubleshooting DNS?
DNS Console, NSLOOKUP, DNSCMD, IPCONFIG, Logs.
> What is WINS server? where we use WINS
server? difference between DNS and WINS?
WINS is windows internet name service used to
resolve the NetBIOS(computer name)name to IP
address.This is proprietary for Windows.You can use in
LAN.DNS is a Domain Naming System, which resolves
Host names to IP addresses. It uses fully qualified
domain names. DNS is an Internet standard used to
resolve host names.
> What is new in Windows Server 2003 regarding
the DNS management?
When DC promotion occurs with an existing forest, the
Active Directory Installation Wizard contacts an

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existing DC to update the directory and replicate from

the DC the required portions of the directory.
If the wizard fails to locate a DC, it performs debugging
and reports what caused the failure and how to fix the
problem. In order to be located on a network, every
DC must register in DNS DC locator DNS records. The
Active Directory Installation Wizard verifies a proper
configuration of the DNS infrastructure. All DNS
configuration debugging and reporting activity is done
with the Active Directory Installation Wizard.
> SOA records must be included in every zone.
What are they used for?
SOA records contain a TTL value, used by default in all
resource records in the zone. SOA records contain the
e-mail address of the person who is responsible for
maintaining the zone. SOA records contain the current
serial number of the zone, which is used in zone
transfers.
By default, if the name is not found in the cache or
local hosts file, what is the first step the client takes to
resolve the FQDN name into an IP address? Performs a
recursive search through the primary DNS server
based on the network interface configuration.
> How do I clear the DNS cache on the DNS
server?
Go to cmd prompt and type ipconfig /flushdns .
> What is the main purpose of SRV records?
SRV records are used in locating hosts that provide
certain network services.
> Before installing your first domain controller in
the network, you installed a DNS server and
created a zone, naming it as you would name
your AD domain. However, after the installation
of the domain controller, you are unable to locate
infrastructure SRV records anywhere in the zone.
What is the most likely cause of this failure?
The zone you created was not configured to allow
dynamic updates. The local interface on the DNS
server was not configured to allow dynamic updates.
> What is the "." zone in my forward lookup
zone?
This setting designates the Windows 2000 or Windows
Server 2003 DNS server to be a root hint server and is
usually deleted. If you do not delete this setting, you
may not be able to perform external name resolution

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to the root hint servers on the Internet.

> Do I need to configure forwarders in DNS?
No. By default, Windows 2000 DNS uses the root hint
servers on the Internet; however, you can configure
forwarders to send DNS queries directly to your ISP's
DNS server or other DNS servers. Most of the time,
when you configure forwarders, DNS performance and
efficiency increases, but this configuration can also
introduce a point of failure if the forwarding DNS
server is experiencing problems.
The root hint server can provide a level of redundancy
in exchange for slightly increased DNS traffic on your
Internet connection. Windows Server 2003 DNS will
query root hints servers if it cannot query the
forwarders.
> Should I point the other Windows 2000-based
and Windows Server 2003-based computers on
my LAN to my ISP's DNS servers?
No. If a Windows 2000-based or Windows Server
2003-based server or workstation does not find the
domain controller in DNS, you may experience issues
joining the domain or logging on to the domain. A
Windows 2000-based or Windows Server 2003-based
computer's preferred DNS setting should point to the
Windows 2000 or Windows Server 2003 domain
controller running DNS.
If you are using DHCP, make sure that you view scope
option #15 for the correct DNS server settings for your
LAN.
> Do I need to point computers that are running
Windows NT 4.0 or Microsoft Windows 95,
Microsoft Windows 98, or Microsoft Windows 98
Second Edition to the Windows 2000 or Windows
Server 2003 DNS server?
Legacy operating systems continue to use NetBIOS for
name resolution to find a domain controller; however it
is recommended that you point all computers to the
Windows 2000 or Windows Server 2003 DNS server
for name resolution.
> What if my Windows 2000 or Windows Server
2003 DNS server is behind a proxy server or
firewall?
If you are able to query the ISP's DNS servers from
behind the proxy server or firewall, Windows 2000 and
Windows Server 2003 DNS server is able to query the

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root hint servers. UDP and TCP Port 53 should be open

on the proxy server or firewall.
> What should I do if the domain controller
points to itself for DNS, but the SRV records still
do not appear in the zone?
Check for a disjointed namespace, and then run
Netdiag.exe /fix.
You must install Support Tools from the Windows 2000
Server or Windows Server 2003 CD-ROM to run
Netdiag.exe.
> How do I set up DNS for a child domain?
To set up DNS for a child domain, create a delegation
record on the parent DNS server for the child DNS
server. Create a secondary zone on the child DNS
server that transfers the parent zone from the parent
DNS server.
Note Windows Server 2003 has additional types of
zones, such as Stub Zones and forest-level integrated
Active Directory zones, that may be a better fit for
your environment. Set the child domain controller to
point to itself first. As soon as an additional domain
controller is available, set the child domain controller to
point to this domain controller in the child domain as
its secondary.

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8/6/2015 4:26 PM