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E-ISSN: 2310-953X / P-ISSN: 2311-0228
DOI: 10.15192/PSCP.SA.2016.15.3.380386
Sci. Agri.
15 (3), 2016: 380-386
PSCI Publications
ABSTRACT
Plant growth substances are well-known to improve the source-sink
Received: 3 March, 2016
connection and encourage the translocation of photo-assimilates thereby
helping in effective flower formation, fruit and seed development and
Accepted: 16 June, 2016
ultimately increase the yield of crops. A pot experiment was conducted at
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during
Published: 20 July, 2016
November, 2013 to March, 2014 in a Randomized Complete Block Design
(RCBD) based on five replications with a view to find out the influence of
different plant growth regulators and their stages of application on the
growth and yield of soybean cv. BARI Soybean-6. Application of plant
growth regulators at different stages of plant showed significant effect on
plant height, number of branches plant -1, chlorophyll content (SPAD
value), average length of internode, dry weight plant -1 and seed yield of
soybean. Results showed that application of GA3 at vegetative stage
produced the tallest plant (61.16 cm) and longest average length of internode
(8.79 cm) and spray at flower initiation stage provided maximum SPAD
value (50.38). Kinetin at vegetative stage gave the highest dry weight (23.68
g plant-1) of soybean. Results also revealed that salicylic acid applied at
flower and pod initiation stage gave the highest number of branches plant-1
(11.00) and seed yield (6.38 g plant-1), compared to other growth regulators.
So salicylic acid acts an important role for increasing soybean yield, when
it was applied at flower and pod initiation stage.
2016 PSCI Publisher All rights reserved.
Key words: Foliar spray, Gibberellic acid, Glycine max (L.) Merr., Kinetin, Salicylic acid
Introduction
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) ranks first as an oilseed crop of the world. It has a remarkable value in agriculture
as a good supply of high quality plant protein and vegetable oils. Soybean seed contains 40-45% protein, 20-26%
carbohydrate, 20-22% oil and a high amount of Ca, P and vitamins (Rahman et al., 2011). In Bangladesh, about five thousand
hectares of land is under soybean cultivation and annual production is approximately 4 thousand metric tons with an average
yield of 1.5-2.3 t ha-1 (BARI, 2006). However, in farmers field its average yield is much lower due to lack of improved
agricultural practices of which different bioregulators application is an important determinant for better performance of
soybean.
Plant growth regulators when applied in very small quantity influence the plant growth. Several reports indicated that
application of growth regulator improved the plant growth and yield (Hernandez, 1997).
GA3 enlarged length of stem and flower number plant-1 (Lee et al., 1999). GA3 accelerated stem elongation and bud
development (Kabar, 1990). Kinetin increased the fresh weight by increasing stem diameter in morning glory but reduced
shoot length (Chaudhry and Khan, 2000). Salicylic acid is an endogenous signaling molecule and it has several functions,
particularly the suppression of germination and growth, intervention with root absorption, reduced leaf abscission and
transpiration (Ashraf et al., 2010; Hayat et al., 2010). Application of salicylic acid also significantly increased root dry weight.
Salicylic acid application to soybean and corn promoted dry weight and leaf area of plants (Khan et al., 2003). The use of
growth regulators is becoming popular to increase crop yield and varieties of such substances are available in the market which
is being utilized for crop production. Therefore, keeping in view the importance of different growth regulators in increasing
crop growth and yield, a study was carried out to compare the effect of GA3, salicylic acid and kinetin on the growth and yield
of soybean.
381
Statistical analysis
Collected data on different parameters were statistically analyzed by using MSTAT-C (Russel, 1994) program and
mean differences among the treatments were compared by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at 5% level of probability.
Table 1. Weather data of the experimental site during the period from November, 2013 to March, 2014
Year
2013
2014
Month
November
December
January
February
March
Mean temperature (C )
Maximum
Minimum
28.1
6.88
25.36
5.21
21.17
15.46
24.30
19.12
29.78
22.37
Salicylic
50 ppm
acid
Kinetin
ppm
LSD(0.05)
500
Stages of application
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40
DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40
DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40
DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40
DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
75
51.32
90
52.38 bc
At harvest
48.20 bc
14.74 bc
27.40 cd
49.04 c
50.02
51.62 bc
50.64 bc
14.72 bc
14.62 bc
28.00 cd
27.60 cd
53.30 c
47.82 c
55.74
49.42
59.42 b
51.96 bc
55.70 bc
51.30 bc
15.86 a-c
27.80 cd
47.76 c
49.66
52.14 bc
53.78 bc
14.60 bc
30.00 cd
50.40 c
52.40
55.62 bc
54.34 b
14.00 c
14.64 bc
24.60 cd
29.60 cd
47.46 c
45.82 c
50.86
48.86
53.78 bc
56.28 bc
53.54 bc
52.30 bc
14.90 bc
38.00 a
55.64 a
59.24
61.46 a
59.84 a
14.70 bc
24.40 d
45.38 c
53.44
60.00 b
54.86 bc
16.48 ab
15.26 a-c
37.00 b
31.00 bc
54.28 c
54.28 b
58.00
50.02
58.34 bc
59.46 b
52.94 bc
53.84 a
14.92 bc
26.20 cd
53.60 c
52.24
59.36 b
58.84 b
16.12 a-c
30.20 cd
46.04 c
50.18
54.64 bc
51.66 bc
15.22 bc
14.50 bc
26.00 cd
28.80 cd
50.96 c
47.60 c
51.66
50.38
52.62 bc
48.50 c
58.28 b
44.74 c
2.186
6.507
9.862
ns
10.30
11.76
ns: non-significant
In a column, values with different letter(s) differed significantly at 5% level as per LSD.
382
Salicylic acid
50 ppm
Kinetin
ppm
LSD(0.05)
500
Stages of application
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage
(40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage
(50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage
(40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage
(50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage (40 and
50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage
(40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage
(50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage
(40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage
(50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
75 DAS
6.80 a-c
90 DAS
7.40 a-d
Harvest
9.00 a-c
4.40 ab
5.00 ab
5.60 b-e
7.00 b-d
7.00 c
5.00 ab
5.60 ab
6.00 a-e
6.20 d
9.00 a-c
4.80 ab
5.40 ab
5.20 c-e
7.40 a-d
8.80 a-c
3.80 b
3.80 b
4.20 e
7.20 b-d
7.60 bc
6.00 a
5.20 ab
5.60 b-e
6.80 cd
8.80 a-c
4.80 ab
5.00 ab
4.80 de
9.00 a-c
9.80 ab
5.20 ab
5.60 ab
6.20 a-d
7.80 a-d
11.00 a
5.80 ab
6.00 ab
6.60 a-d
9.00 a-c
8.20 bc
5.20 ab
6.00 ab
5.00 c-e
8.40 a-d
8.60 bc
5.80 ab
6.40 a
6.80 a-c
8.20 a-d
8.20 bc
5.40 ab
5.80 ab
5.80 a-e
9.40 ab
8.60 bc
3.80 b
4.80 ab
5.80 a-e
8.00 a-d
8.60 bc
6.00 a
6.80 a
7.60 a
9.00 a-c
8.60 bc
4.60 ab
6.40 a
6.20 a-d
9.80 a
9.40 ab
4.60 ab
6.40 a
7.40 ab
7.60 a-d
9.40 ab
1.998
2.416
2.305
2.055
2.459
In a column, values with different letter(s) differed significantly at 5% level as per LSD.
flower initiation stage which was statistically similar with salicylic acid when applied at pod and flower + pod initiation stage
whereas, the minimum (40.56) was recorded from kinetin when applied at vegetative stage. At 75 DAS, the highest
chlorophyll content (46.64) was obtained from salicylic acid with pod initiation stage which was statistically at par with water
spray at flower + pod initiation stage, GA3 with flower initiation stage and kinetin with flower + pod initiation stage whereas,
the lowest (33.78) was found from GA3 when sprayed at flower + pod initiation stage. Abdel-Wahid et al. (2008) reported that
chlorophyll content increased in Syngonium pod phyllum plant with the application of salicylic acid. It might be due to the
reduction in cell size resulting in dense cytoplasm. Chlorophyllase enzyme was responsible for chlorophyll growth retardant
which enhanced the chlorophyll content. From photo-oxidation application of salicylic acid protected the molecule of
chlorophyll and thereby increased chlorophyll content.
Table 4. Effect of different plant growth regulators and stages of application on the chlorophyll content of soybean leaf
Plant
growth
regulator
Control (water)
Salicylic
50 ppm
acid
Kinetin
ppm
LSD(0.05)
500
Stages of application
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage (40 and 50
DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
60 DAS
47.58 a-d
75 DAS
41.22 a-c
24.62 a-c
21.42 bc
21.90 bc
32.20 a
31.54 a
32.06 a
44.12 a-d
44.66 a-d
46.78 a-d
40.70 a-c
40.60 a-c
43.34 ab
22.62 a-c
32.78 a
43.08 b-d
39.30 b-d
22.60 a-c
22.96 a-c
20.96 c
29.52 ab
25.60 b
31.32 ab
45.68 a-d
50.36 a
49.44 ab
42.50 a-c
46.64 a
44.58 ab
23.58 a-c
30.32 ab
40.70 cd
36.38 cd
21.92 bc
24.32 a-c
24.46 a-c
34.08 a
30.86 ab
33.64 a
50.38 a
47.60 a-d
44.04 a-d
46.54 a
39.30 b-d
33.78 d
22.36 a-c
32.04 a
40.56 d
36.26 cd
27.26 a
26.10 ab
24.02 a-c
33.22 a
31.00 ab
32.64 a
44.68 a-d
47.66 a-c
43.70 a-d
42.20 a-c
44.22 ab
39.30 b-d
5.081
5.939
7.086
6.274
In a column, values with different letter(s) differed significantly at 5% level as per LSD.
(1989) observed that kinetin application increased the branch number and leaves of soybean which ultimately increased the
shoot dry weight. It might be due to kinetin increase the absorption to water and nutrient, activate the photosynthesis process,
increase the metabolism of this nutrition by plant and movement to the fruits, increase the growth and storage as dry weight
which finally leads to increase the dry weight.
Table 5. Effect of different plant growth regulators and stages of application on the average length of internode of soybean
Plant growth
regulator
Control
(water)
Salicylic acid
50 ppm
Kinetin
ppm
500
Stages of application
LSD(0.05)
75 DAS
6.05 c
5.63 c
6.65 bc
6.09 c
5.59 c
6.15 c
6.67 bc
5.03 c
8.79 a
5.41 c
5.81 c
8.17 ab
5.37 c
5.39 c
5.17 c
5.63 c
1.744
In a column, values with different letter(s) differed significantly at 5% level as per LSD.
Table 6. Effect of different plant growth regulators and stages of application on the dry weight plant-1 at different DAS and seed yield of
soybean
Plant growth
regulator
Control
(water)
Salicylic acid
50 ppm
Kinetin
ppm
LSD(0.05)
500
Stages of application
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40
DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50
DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40
DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50
DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40
DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50
DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40
DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50
DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
90 DAS
6.75 c-e
Harvest
13.07 cd
Seed yield
(g plant-1)
1.87 c
0.54 a-e
2.15 ab
6.44 de
14.88 b-d
1.83 c
0.53 a-e
1.83 b
5.94 ef
16.88b-d
2.90 bc
0.51 a-e
2.86 a
4.75 g
14.40 b-d
2.92 bc
0.67 a
1.43 b
5.94 ef
14.25 b-d
3.30 bc
0.50 a-e
2.26 ab
7.26 cd
16.94 b-d
3.58 bc
0.51 a-e
1.51 b
7.33 cd
17.15 b-d
3.21 bc
0.39 e
1.88 b
5.47 fg
12.65d
6.38 a
0.43 c-e
1.78 b
7.20 cd
17.70bc
4.52 a-c
0.60 a-c
1.50 b
6.45 de
17.62 b-d
2.48 bc
0.57 a-d
1.87 b
7.61 bc
17.09 b-d
2.16 bc
0.50 a-e
2.04 ab
7.25 cd
23.49 a
4.92 ab
0.54 a-e
1.68 b
6.74 ce
23.68 a
4.50 a-c
0.53 a-e
1.93 ab
8.33 b
19.10 ab
4.70 ab
0.40 de
1.68 b
10.05 a
18.95 ab
3.21 bc
0.48 b-e
1.91 b
7.65 bc
17.86 bc
3.93 a-c
0.17
0.92
0.92
5.02
1.402
In a column, values with different letter(s) differed significantly at 5% level as per LSD.
385
386