,izak; Internet.

,izak; vd;why; xd;Wlndhd;W njhlu;GgLj;jg;gl;l tiyaikg;Gf;fspd; ,izg;ghFk;.

NkYk;>,jid tiyaikg;Gf;fspd; tiyaikg;G vdTk; miog;gu;.
Vnddpy;> ,J cs;Su; kw;Wk; cyfyhtpay; uPjpahd jdpg;gl;l> mur> tzpf> nghJ
tiyaikg;Gf;fis fk;gp> fk;gpapy;yh njhopEl;gj;jpd; cjtpAld; Nfhbf;fzf;fhd kf;fSf;F
gpuNahrd kpf;f gy;NtW Nritfis toq;fg;glf;$bathW ,izf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
,izaj;jpid ahUk; nrhe;jk; nfhd;lhl KbahJ.

,izaj;jpd; ed;ikfs;
1. tpiuthd> tpidj;jpwdhd> kypthd gy;Yhlf njhlu;ghlYf;F jfty; gupkhw;wj;jpw;Fk;
topNfhypaik.
Eg: E-mail, Video Conference
2. nra;jpfisAk; cyf elg;Gf;fisAk; clDf;Fld; mwpayhk;.
Eg: nra;jp ,izaj;jsq;fs;.
3. tpahghu eltbf;iffis cyfk; g+uhfTk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
Eg: E-Commerce
4. vz;zw;w Gj;jfq;fis tpUk;gpa Neuj;jpy; cyfpd; ve;j ghfj;jpypUe;Jk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s
KbAk;.
5. khztu;fs;
tpl;bypUe;jthNw
fy;tp
eltbf;iffis
njhlu
trjpaspf;Fk;.

,izaj;jpd; jPikfs;
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

mjpf Neutpuaj;ij Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wJ.

fzdpfs; er;R epuy; jhf;fj;jpw;F ,yFthf cl;gLk;.
fpilf;fg;gLk; jfty;fs; vg;nghoJk; ek;gfkhditay;y.
Mjpf Neuk; fzdpf;F Kd; ,Ug;gjdhy; cly; cs ghjpg;Gf;fs; Vw;gl tha;g;Gz;L.
r%f fyhrhu ghjpg;Gf;fis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

,izaj; jsq;fspy; cyhTjy;

,izaj; njhlu;ig Vw;gLj;jpa gpd; ,izaj;jpy; cyhTtjw;F gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; NjitahFk;.
1. tiyNkNyhb (Web Browser)
2. rPu;ik ts ,lg;gLj;jp (Universal Resource Locator-URL)

tiyNkNyhb (web Browser)

,izaj;jpy; ,izaj;jsq;fis / tiyg;gf;fq;fis ghu;itapLtjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; fzdp
nkd;nghUNs tiyNkNyhb vdg;gLk;.
cjhuzk;: ,d;unew; vf;];GNshuu; (Internet Explorer), nkhrpyh gau;nghf;];
(Mozilla Firefox), $fps; FNuhk; Google Chrome) , xg;Nguh (Opera)

rPu;ik ts ,lg;gLj;jp (Universal Resource Locator-URL)

,izaj;jsq;fis mZFtjw;fhf mtw;wpw;F jdpj;Jtkhd ngau; toq;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; mitNa rPu;ik
ts ,lg;gLj;jp vdg;gLk;.

http://www.learnbyself.com/e-books/english/ict.pdf
,jpy;
kPghl khw;W nrk;ik elg;G tof;F (http Hypertext transfer protocol) vd;gJ xU nrk;ik
elg;G tof;F (protocol)
www vd;gJ xU ,iza Nrit
learnbyself.com vd;gJ jsg; ngau; (Domain Name)
.com vd;gJ cau; kl;l jsk; (Top level domain)
e-books/english vd;gJ tsk; mike;Js;s ,lk;
ict.pdf tsf;Nfhg;G
cjhuzk;:
http://www.edupub.gov.lk
http://www.moe.gov.lk
http://www.nie.lk
http://www.google.com

,izar; nrk;ik elg;nghOq;F Kftup (Internet Protocol Address - IP )

,izaj;jpy; ,ize;Js;s xt;nthU fzpdpiaAk; jdpj;Jtkhf ,dq;fhz;gjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk; cs;s

KftupNa IP KftupahFk;.
,k;KftupahdJ jrkk; Gs;spfspdhy; Ntwhf;fg;gl;l 0 255 tiuahd ehd;F ngWkhdq;fspdhy;
Fwpf;fg;gLk;.
,k;KftupahdJ ,iza Nrit toq;fdupdhy; toq;fg;gLk; (Internet Service provider - ISP)
cjhuzk;:
120.255.23.7
255.234.4.56
10.250.45.19

Ms;fs Kftup (Domain Name)

XU ,izaj;jsj;jpid mZFtjw;fhf toq;fg;gl;Ls;s ngaNu Ms;fsg; ngauhFk;.
cjhuzk;
edupub.gov.lk
learnbyself.com
mahar.sch.lk
nie.lk
google.in
yahoo.co.uk
ngo.org
,jpy; .lk, .com, .in, .uk, .org vd;gd cau; kl;l Ms;fsg; ngau;fshFk;.
Xt;nthU cau;kl;l Ms;fsg; ngau;fSk; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fisf; Fwpf;Fk;

cau;kl;l Ms;fsg; ngau;

.lk
.com

cupa tpsf;fk;

,yq;if
thzpgk;

.in
.uk
.org
.net

,e;jpah
If;fpa ,uhr;rpak;
mur rhu;gw;w epWtdk;
tiyaikg;G

,izar; nra;gzp eilngWk; tpjk;

,izaj;ij mZFtjw;fhf rPu;ik ts ,lg;gLj;jp (URL) tiyNkNyhbapd; (Browser) Kftup
gl;bapy;; (Address Bar) jl;lr;R nra;ag;gl;L mt;tpizaj;jsk; Nritafj;jpypUe;J
tiyNkNyhbia te;J milAk; tiu gpd;tUk; nraw;ghLfs; ,lk;ngWk;.
1. gadu; tiyNkNyhbapy; rPu;ik ts ,lg;gLj;jpia(URL) Eioj;jy;
2. tiyNkNyhb URL ,id DNS Nritafj;jpw;F toq;Fjy;
3. Ms;fsg; ngau; toq;Feu;(Domain Name Server DNS) MdJ URL ,id IP
Kftupahd khw;Wk;.
4. mt; IP Kftupia nfhz;l ,iza Nritafj;jpw;F Nfhupf;if tplg;gLk;
5. ,iza Nritafk; Ntz;LNfhSf;F Vw;g HTML juTfs; toq;fg;gly;
6. tiyNkNyhb %ykhf HTML ,izag; gf;fj;ij jpiuapy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jy;

nrk;ik elg;G tof;Ffs; (Protocols)

,izaj;jpy; jfty;fisg; gupkhWfpd;wNghJ rpy tpjpfisg; gpd;gw;WtjpD}lhf
,lk;nghk;. mt;thwhd tpjpfis nrk;ik elg;G tof;Ffs; vd mwpag;gLk;.
gpd;tUk; nrk;ik elg;G
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

tof;Ffs;

,izaj;jpy;

gpd;tUk;

Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) - HTML Mtzg; gupkhw;wj;jpw;fhf

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) IP Kftup
gupkhw;wy; fl;Lg;ghL
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Nfhg;Gg; gupkhw;wk; (gjpNtw;wk; kw;Wk;
gjptpwf;fk;)
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) kpd;dQ;riy mDg;Gjy;
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) tO Vw;gLk NghJ njuptpj;jYk;
nra;jpf;
fl;Lg;ghLk;.

,izar; Nritfafq;fs;

,izakhdJ xU ngUk;gug;G tiyaikg;G (WAN) MFk;. ,J gadu; - Nritfk; khjpupf;fika

epu;khzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,jw;fhika ,izaj;jpy; cs;s vy;yh fzpdpfSk; xd;wpy; Nritg;gaeu; MfNth
Nrittoq;Feu; MfNth njhopw;gLtu;. ,izaj;jpy; gaeupd; fzpdpf;Fj; Njitahd tsq;fis
toq;Fk; fzdp Nritaff; fzpdp (Server) vd miof;fg;gLk;.

Nritaff; fzpdpfspypUe;J Nritfis> tsq;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; fzpdp gaeu; fzpdp.

Nritaff; fzpdpapYs;s jfty;fis Nritg; gaeUf;F toq;Fjy; jutpwf;fk; (Download) vd
miof;fg;gLk;.
Nritg; gaeupd; fzpdpaYs;s jfty;fis Nritaff; fzpdpapw;F toq;Fjy; gjpNtw;wk;(Upload)
vd miof;fg;gLk;.

,izar; Nritaff; fzpdpfs; gpd;tUkhW

1. tiyr; Nritafk; (Web Server): ,izaj;jsq;fis Nrkpj;J itj;jYk; Nritg;gaeu; fzpdpfSf;F
toq;Fjy;.
2. mQ;ry; Nritafk; (Mail Server): kpd;dQ;riy Nrkpj;J itj;jy;> Nritg; gaeupd;
fzpdpf;F toq;Fjy;.
3. jsg; ngau; Nritafk; (Domain Name Server): URL ,id IP Kftupahf khw;Wjy;

,izaj;jpd; Nritfs;
,izaj;jpy; fpilf;fg;gLk; Nritfs; gpd;tUkhW.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

cyfshtpa tiy (World Wide Web - WWW)

kpd;dQ;ry; (Electronic Mail - E-Mail)
Nfhg;Gg; gupkhw;wk; (File Transfer)
njhiy mZFif (Remote Access)
Nfhg;Gg; gfpu;T (File Sharing)
gy;Y}lf trjp toq;fy; (Streaming of multimedia)
Njlw; nghwpfs; (Search Engines)

cyfshtpa tiyaikg;G www (world wide web)

www MdJ ,izak; %yk; njhiytpyhd fzdpapypUe;J jfty;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhf
,izaj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLk; xU NritahFk;.
,izaj;jpD}lhf njhlu;Gnfhs;sj;jf;f cyfshtpa uPjpapy; cs;s kP,izg;Gf;fshy;
(Hyperlink) njhlu;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s Mtzq;fspd; njhFg;Ng www MFk;.
,t; Mtzq;fs; cyfshtpa uPjpapy; ,Uf;ff; $ba ,iza Nritafq;fspy; (Internet
servers)itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
www MdJ Tim Burners Lee vd;w Rtpw;rpyhe;ij Nru;e;j tpQ;Qhdpapdhy;
mwpKfk; nra;a;gl;lJ.
tiyf;flg;gplj;jpj;jpd; njhlf;fg; gf;fk; Kfg;Gg; gf;fk;(Home Page) vdg;gLk;.

Nfhg;Gg; gupkhw;wk; (File Transfer)

,izaj;jpy; ghupa Nfhg;Gf;fis xU fzpdpapypUe;J ,d;DnkhU fzpdpap;w;F
gupkhWtjw;fhf Nfhg;G gfpu;T nrk;ik elg;G tof;Ffs; (File Transfer Protocol)
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,t;thW Nfhg;Gf;fis gupkhWtjw;fhd Nrit ,izaj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLk;
njhiy
mZfy;
(Remote
Access)
njhiy mZfy; Nritapidg; gad;gLj;jp ,izaj;jpy; cs;s fzpdpia njhiytpypUe;jthNw
fl;Lg;gLj;j
KbtJld>
nra;gzpfisAk;
Nkw;nfhs;sTk;
trjpfis
toq;Fk;.
njhiy
mZfy;
%yk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;
gzpfSf;F
cjhuzq;fs;
1. Nritaff; fzpdpapYs;s nkd;nghUs;fis Nritg;gaeupd; fzpdpf;F epWTjy;
2.
Nritg;
gaeupd;
fzpdpapYs;s
tOf;fis
eptu;j;jp
nra;jy;
Fwpj;j gaeupd; mDkjpapd;w; mtupd; fzpdpapy; cs;s Kf;fpakhd juTfisAk; jfty;fisAk;
NtnwhU
gaeu;
fsthLjy;
Hacking
vdg;gLk;.
Nfhg;Gg;
gfpu;T
(File
Sharing)
Nritaff; fzpdpapYs;s tsq;fis Nritg;gaeupd; fzpdpfSf;fpilapy; $l;lhfg; gad;gLj;Jjy;
Nfhg;Gg;

gfpu;T
vd
miof;fg;gLk;.
cjhuzk;: ,izaj;jpD}lhf guPl;irg; ngWNgWfisg; gu;itapLk; NghJ ngWNgWfisf;
nfhz;bUf;ff;
$ba mf;Nfhg;ghdJ Vuhskhd Nritg;gaeupdhy; xNu jlitapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
gy;Y}lf
trjp
toq;fy;
(Streaming
of
multimedia)
,izaj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ghl(text)> xsp> xyp tbtpyike;j tpj;jparhkhd tifj;j juTfis
fzpdpfSf;fpilNa gupkhWtjw;F KbAkhf ,Uf;Fk;.