THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS

June 2009

MATH2111
Higher Several Variable Calculus

(1) TIME ALLOWED 2 HOURS

(2) TOTAL NUMBER OF QUESTIONS 4
(3) ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
(4) THE QUESTIONS ARE OF EQUAL VALUE
(5) ANSWER EACH QUESTION IN A SEPARATE BOOK
(6) THIS PAPER MAY BE RETAINED BY THE CANDIDATE
(7) ONLY CALCULATORS WITH AN AFFIXED UNSW APPROVED STICKER
MAY BE USED

All answers must be written in ink. Except where they are expressly required pencils
may only be used for drawing, sketching or graphical work.

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Use a separate book clearly marked Question 1

1.

i) a) If Rn then give definitions for the following:

) a is an interior point of ;
) is an open set;
) is a closed set.
b) Use your definitions to prove that the for x0 Rn , > 0 and d a
metric on Rn , the set
B(x0 , ) = {x Rn : d(x0 , x) }
is closed.
ii) Suppose that f : R2 R is at least twice continuously differentiable.
Let x(t) = t + 1, y(t) = t2 + 1 and let g(t) = f (x(t), y(t)). Given that
f
(1, 1) = 1,
x
2f
(1, 1) = 0,
x2

f
(1, 1) = 1,
y

2f
(1, 1) = 2,
xy

and

2f
(1, 1) = 3,
y 2

find g 00 (0).
iii) Let f : R2 R be defined by f (x, y) = (x2 1)2 + y 2 .
a) Find the terms up to and including second order in the Taylor series
for f about the point (1, 0).
b) Find and classify all the critical points of f .

iv) Find the equation of the tangent plane at the point (1, , 0) to the surface
2
z = f (x, y) defined implicitly by
sin xy + sin yz + sin xz = 1.

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Use a separate book clearly marked Question 2

2.

i) Let f : R2 R2 be given by

f (x, y) =

x2 y + 2y x
3xy + 4x


.

a) Write down the Jacobian matrix of f .

b) Write down the limit that must vanish for f to be differentiable at
(0, 0).
c) Find an open set containing (0, 0) where f has a differentiable inverse.
d) Write down the derivative of this inverse at (0, 0). Which theorems
did you use to obtain this derivative?
e) Hence find an approximate solution of the equations
x2 y + 2y x = 0.01
3xy + 4x = 0.02.
ii) Let A be an invertible real symmetric n n matrix, q(x) = xT Ax be the
associated quadratic form and d be the usual Euclidean metric. Define
the sets
S = {x Rn : d(x, 0) = 1} and D = {x Rn : d(x, 0) 1}.
You may assume that q(x) = 2Ax.
a) Explain why q must attain a maximum and minimum value on both
S and D.
b) Use the method of Lagrange Multipliers to show that the maximum
and minimum of q on S are respectively the largest and smallest
eigenvalues of A.
c) Discuss whether the maximum and minimum values of q on S are
also the maximum and minimum values of q on D.
iii) The following triple integral, written in cylindrical coordinates,
Z

I=

2r2

r dz dr d
0

gives the volume of a certain body in R3 . Write down, but DO NOT

evaluate, the corresponding integrals for the volume in
a) Cartesian coordinates.
b) Spherical coordinates.

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Use a separate book clearly marked Question 3

3.

i) Let F be a vector field and a scalarvalued function.

a) True of false? The expression curl is well defined.
b) True of false? The expression curl curl F is well defined.
c) True of false? The expression div curl F is well defined.
ii) State Gauss divergence theorem.
iii) Define
F(x, y, z) := xi + yj + zk.
Apply Gauss divergence theorem to evaluate
ZZ
F dS
S

where S is the boundary of the box

W := [0, 2] [0, 3] [0, 1].
iv) A function f (x, y, z) is termed harmonic on a region E in R3 if f satisfies
Laplaces equation
2 f := f = fxx + fyy + fzz = 0
for all points (x, y, z) in E.
Suppose f is harmonic on a bounded region E enclosed by a smooth
surface S with n
the chosen unit normal vector on S.
a) Prove that the integral over S of f n
is zero.
b) Prove that
ZZ
ZZZ
f f n
dS =
|f |2 dV.
S

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v) Let v(t, x, y, z) be a continuously differentiable vector field over the region E and let p(t, x, y, z) be a continuously differentiable scalar-valued
function. The Conservation of Mass law is
ZZZ
ZZ
d
p(t, x, y, z) dV =
pv n
dS
dt
E
S
where S is the surface enclosing E.
a) Use Gauss divergence theorem and differentiation under the integral
sign to derive the continuity equation
pv +

p
= 0.
t

(1)

(In the first term of (1) the variable t is held fixed, while in the second
term of (1) the point (x, y, z) is held fixed.)
b) For E, a solid in space, let T (t, x, y, z) be a function with continuous
second derivatives that gives the temperature at time t at the point
(x, y, z) in E. Let k, and c be constants. Assuming the Conservation of Mass law with pv = kT and p = cT derive the diffusion
(heat) equation
k
T
= 2 T.
t
c

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Use a separate book clearly marked Question 4

4.

i) Let f (x) := |x| for x [, ] with f (x + 2) = f (x).

a) Calculate the Fourier series of f .
b) By differentiating your Fourier series from (a) (or otherwise) obtain
the Fourier series for

1,
0<x<
g(x) :=
1, < x < 0.
ii) Let h be continuous on [0, L] with h having onesided derivatives on (0, L)
and let be a constant. Consider the onedimensional heat equation:
2 uxx = ut ;
u(0, t) = 0 = u(L, t);
u(x, 0) = h(x).

(2)
(3)

a) Derive the Fourier series representation of the solution to (2) and (3)
making sure you justify your answer. (You may assume the Fourier
series converges to the solution.)
b) Use Weierstrass test to show that the above Fourier series solution
converges uniformly with respect to x and t for t t0 > 0 and 0
x L. (You do not need to show that the Fourier series converges
to the solution.)