Feldspar: an abundant rock-forming mineral typically occurring as colourless

1.

or pale-coloured crystals and consisting of aluminosilicates of potassium, sodium, and

calcium
Chemical
Composition

KalSi308 Potassium Aluminum Silicate

Hardness

Typically off-white or shades of red, orange and

brown, occasionally green.
One perfect cleavage and one good cleavage
that meet at nearly 90
6 (harder than glass)

Specific Gravity

2.6

Color
Cleavage

2.Quartz hard mineral consisting of silica, found widely in igneous and metamorphic rocks and
typically occurring as colourless or white hexagonal prisms. It is often coloured by impurities (as
in amethyst, citrine, and cairngorm).

3.olivine:an olive-green, grey-green, or brown mineral occurring widely in basalt, peridotite, and
other basic igneous rocks. It is a silicate containing varying proportions of magnesium, iron, and
other elements

Physical Properties of Olivine

Chemical
Classification
Color

Silicate
Usually olive green, but can be yellow-green to bright green; iron-rich specimens are
brownish green to brown

Streak

Colorless

Luster

Vitreous

Diaphaneity
Cleavage

Transparent to translucent
Poor cleavage, brittle with conchoidal fracture

Mohs Hardness

6.5 to 7

Specific Gravity

3.2 to 4.4

Diagnostic Properties
Chemical

Green color, vitreous luster, conchoidal fracture, granular texture

Typically (Mg, Fe)2SiO4. Ca, Mn, and Ni rarely occupy the Mg and Fe positions.

Composition
Crystal System

Orthorhombic
Gemstones, a declining use in bricks and refractory sand

Uses

4.augite: a dark green or black aluminosilicate mineral of the pyroxene group. It occurs in many
igneous rocks, including basalt, gabbro, and dolerite.v

The Mineral augite

Chemical
Formula
Transparency
Specific
Gravity
Luster
Cleavage

(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al)(Al,Si)2O6
Opaque. Translucent in thin sections.
3.2 - 3.6
Vitreous, dull
1,2 - prismatic at cleavage angles of 87 and 93
(Characteristic of minerals in the pyroxene group). May
also exhibit parting in one direction.

hornblende:a dark brown, black, or green mineral consisting of a silicate of calcium,

magnesium, and iron, occurring in many igneous and metamorphic rocks.

asbestos: a highly heat-resistant fibrous silicate mineral that can be woven into

fabrics, and is used in brake linings and in fire-resistant and insulating materials.

fabric containing asbestos.

1.

talc:.
talcum powder.
2.
2.
a white, grey, or pale green soft mineral with a greasy feel, occurring as translucent
masses or laminae and consisting of hydrated magnesium silicate
chlorite: a dark green mineral consisting of a basic hydrated aluminosilicate of magnesium
and iron. It occurs as a constituent of many rocks, typically forming flat crystals resembling
mica.

kyanite: a blue or green crystalline mineral consisting of aluminium silicate, used in heatresistant ceramics.

Garnet: any of a class of silicate minerals including this, which belong to the cubic system and
have the general chemical formula A3B2(SiO4)3 (A and B being respectively divalent and trivalent
metals).

Calcite: a white or colourless mineral consisting of calcium carbonate. It is a major constituent of

sedimentary rocks such as limestone and is deposited in caves to form stalactites and
stalagmites.

pyrite: a shiny yellow mineral consisting of iron disulphide and typically occurring as
intersecting cubic crystals