3XUGXH2:/

WelcometothePurdueOWL
ThispageisbroughttoyoubytheOWLatPurdue
(https://owl.english.purdue.edu/).Whenprintingthispage,you
mustincludetheentirelegalnoticeatbottom.

Contributors:-DFN%DNHU$OOHQ%UL]HH(OL]DEHWK$QJHOL
Summary:
7KH0RGHVRI'LVFRXUVH([SRVLWLRQ'HVFULSWLRQ1DUUDWLRQ$UJXPHQWDWLRQ
('1$DUHFRPPRQSDSHUDVVLJQPHQWV\RXPD\HQFRXQWHULQ\RXUZULWLQJFODVVHV
$OWKRXJKWKHVHJHQUHVKDYHEHHQFULWLFL]HGE\VRPHFRPSRVLWLRQVFKRODUVWKH3XUGXH
2:/UHFRJQL]HVWKHZLGHVSUHDGXVHRIWKHVHDSSURDFKHVDQGVWXGHQWVQHHGWR
XQGHUVWDQGDQGSURGXFHWKHP

EssayWriting
7KLVUHVRXUFHEHJLQVZLWKDJHQHUDOGHVFULSWLRQRIHVVD\ZULWLQJDQGPRYHVWRD
GLVFXVVLRQRIFRPPRQHVVD\JHQUHVVWXGHQWVPD\HQFRXQWHUDFURVVWKHFXUULFXOXP
7KHIRXUJHQUHVRIHVVD\VGHVFULSWLRQQDUUDWLRQH[SRVLWLRQDQGDUJXPHQWDWLRQDUH
FRPPRQSDSHUDVVLJQPHQWV\RXPD\HQFRXQWHULQ\RXUZULWLQJFODVVHV$OWKRXJK
WKHVHJHQUHVDOVRNQRZQDVWKHPRGHVRIGLVFRXUVHKDYHEHHQFULWLFL]HGE\VRPH
FRPSRVLWLRQVFKRODUVWKH3XUGXH2:/UHFRJQL]HVWKHZLGHVSUHDGXVHRIWKHVHJHQUHV
DQGVWXGHQWVQHHGWRXQGHUVWDQGDQGSURGXFHWKHVHW\SHVRIHVVD\V:HKRSHWKHVH
UHVRXUFHVZLOOKHOS

Overview
7KHHVVD\LVDFRPPRQO\DVVLJQHGIRUPRIZULWLQJWKDWHYHU\VWXGHQWZLOOHQFRXQWHU
ZKLOHLQDFDGHPLD7KHUHIRUHLWLVZLVHIRUWKHVWXGHQWWREHFRPHFDSDEOHDQG
FRPIRUWDEOHZLWKWKLVW\SHRIZULWLQJHDUO\RQLQKHUWUDLQLQJ
(VVD\VFDQEHDUHZDUGLQJDQGFKDOOHQJLQJW\SHRIZULWLQJDQGDUHRIWHQDVVLJQHG
HLWKHUWREHGRQHLQFODVVZKLFKUHTXLUHVSUHYLRXVSODQQLQJDQGSUDFWLFHDQGDELWRI
FUHDWLYLW\RQWKHSDUWRIWKHVWXGHQWRUDVKRPHZRUNZKLFKOLNHZLVHGHPDQGVD
FHUWDLQDPRXQWRISUHSDUDWLRQ0DQ\SRRUO\FUDIWHGHVVD\VKDYHEHHQSURGXFHGRQ
DFFRXQWRIDODFNRISUHSDUDWLRQDQGFRQILGHQFH+RZHYHUVWXGHQWVFDQDYRLGWKH
GLVFRPIRUWRIWHQDVVRFLDWHGZLWKHVVD\ZULWLQJE\XQGHUVWDQGLQJVRPHFRPPRQJHQUHV
ZLWKLQHVVD\ZULWLQJ
%HIRUHGHOYLQJLQWRLWVYDULRXVJHQUHVOHWVEHJLQZLWKDEDVLFGHILQLWLRQRIWKHHVVD\
Whatisanessay?
7KRXJKWKHZRUGessayKDVFRPHWREHXQGHUVWRRGDVDW\SHRIZULWLQJLQ0RGHUQ
(QJOLVKLWVRULJLQVSURYLGHXVZLWKVRPHXVHIXOLQVLJKWV7KHZRUGFRPHVLQWRWKH
(QJOLVKODQJXDJHWKURXJKWKH)UHQFKLQIOXHQFHRQ0LGGOH(QJOLVKWUDFLQJLWEDFN
IXUWKHUZHILQGWKDWWKH)UHQFKIRUPRIWKHZRUGFRPHVIURPWKH/DWLQYHUEexigere
KWWSVRZOHQJOLVKSXUGXHHGXRZORZOSULQW





3XUGXH2:/

ZKLFKPHDQVWRH[DPLQHWHVWRUOLWHUDOO\WRGULYHRXW7KURXJKWKHH[FDYDWLRQRI

WKLVDQFLHQWZRUGZHDUHDEOHWRXQHDUWKWKHHVVHQFHRIWKHDFDGHPLFHVVD\WR
HQFRXUDJHVWXGHQWVWRWHVWRUH[DPLQHWKHLULGHDVFRQFHUQLQJDSDUWLFXODUWRSLF
(VVD\VDUHVKRUWHUSLHFHVRIZULWLQJWKDWRIWHQUHTXLUHWKHVWXGHQWWRKRQHDQXPEHURI
VNLOOVVXFKDVFORVHUHDGLQJDQDO\VLVFRPSDULVRQDQGFRQWUDVWSHUVXDVLRQ
FRQFLVHQHVVFODULW\DQGH[SRVLWLRQ$VLVHYLGHQFHGE\WKLVOLVWRIDWWULEXWHVWKHUHLV
PXFKWREHJDLQHGE\WKHVWXGHQWZKRVWULYHVWRVXFFHHGDWHVVD\ZULWLQJ
7KHSXUSRVHRIDQHVVD\LVWRHQFRXUDJHVWXGHQWVWRGHYHORSLGHDVDQGFRQFHSWVLQWKHLU
ZULWLQJZLWKWKHGLUHFWLRQRIOLWWOHPRUHWKDQWKHLURZQWKRXJKWVLWPD\EHKHOSIXOWR
YLHZWKHHVVD\DVWKHFRQYHUVHRIDUHVHDUFKSDSHU7KHUHIRUHHVVD\VDUHE\QDWXUH
FRQFLVHDQGUHTXLUHFODULW\LQSXUSRVHDQGGLUHFWLRQ7KLVPHDQVWKDWWKHUHLVQRURRP
IRUWKHVWXGHQWVWKRXJKWVWRZDQGHURUVWUD\IURPKLVRUKHUSXUSRVHWKHZULWLQJPXVW
EHGHOLEHUDWHDQGLQWHUHVWLQJ
7KLVKDQGRXWVKRXOGKHOSVWXGHQWVEHFRPHIDPLOLDUDQGFRPIRUWDEOHZLWKWKHSURFHVV
RIHVVD\FRPSRVLWLRQWKURXJKWKHLQWURGXFWLRQRIVRPHFRPPRQHVVD\JHQUHV
7KLVKDQGRXWLQFOXGHVDEULHILQWURGXFWLRQWRWKHIROORZLQJJHQUHVRIHVVD\ZULWLQJ
Expositoryessays
Descriptiveessays
Narrativeessays
Argumentative(Persuasive)essays
Contributors:-DFN%DNHU$OOHQ%UL]HH(OL]DEHWK$QJHOL
Summary:
7KH0RGHVRI'LVFRXUVH([SRVLWLRQ'HVFULSWLRQ1DUUDWLRQ$UJXPHQWDWLRQ
('1$DUHFRPPRQSDSHUDVVLJQPHQWV\RXPD\HQFRXQWHULQ\RXUZULWLQJFODVVHV
$OWKRXJKWKHVHJHQUHVKDYHEHHQFULWLFL]HGE\VRPHFRPSRVLWLRQVFKRODUVWKH3XUGXH
2:/UHFRJQL]HVWKHZLGHVSUHDGXVHRIWKHVHDSSURDFKHVDQGVWXGHQWVQHHGWR
XQGHUVWDQGDQGSURGXFHWKHP

ExpositoryEssays
Whatisanexpositoryessay?
7KHH[SRVLWRU\HVVD\LVDJHQUHRIHVVD\WKDWUHTXLUHVWKHVWXGHQWWRLQYHVWLJDWHDQLGHD
HYDOXDWHHYLGHQFHH[SRXQGRQWKHLGHDDQGVHWIRUWKDQDUJXPHQWFRQFHUQLQJWKDWLGHD
LQDFOHDUDQGFRQFLVHPDQQHU7KLVFDQEHDFFRPSOLVKHGWKURXJKFRPSDULVRQDQG
FRQWUDVWGHILQLWLRQH[DPSOHWKHDQDO\VLVRIFDXVHDQGHIIHFWHWF
Pleasenote7KLVJHQUHLVFRPPRQO\DVVLJQHGDVDWRROIRUFODVVURRPHYDOXDWLRQDQG
LVRIWHQIRXQGLQYDULRXVH[DPIRUPDWV
7KHVWUXFWXUHRIWKHH[SRVLWRU\HVVD\LVKHOGWRJHWKHUE\WKHIROORZLQJ
Aclear,concise,anddefinedthesisstatementthatoccursinthefirst
paragraphoftheessay.
,WLVHVVHQWLDOWKDWWKLVWKHVLVVWDWHPHQWEHDSSURSULDWHO\QDUURZHGWRIROORZWKH
JXLGHOLQHVVHWIRUWKLQWKHDVVLJQPHQW,IWKHVWXGHQWGRHVQRWPDVWHUWKLVSRUWLRQRIWKH
KWWSVRZOHQJOLVKSXUGXHHGXRZORZOSULQW





3XUGXH2:/

HVVD\LWZLOOEHTXLWHGLIILFXOWWRFRPSRVHDQHIIHFWLYHRUSHUVXDVLYHHVVD\
Clearandlogicaltransitionsbetweentheintroduction,body,and
conclusion.
7UDQVLWLRQVDUHWKHPRUWDUWKDWKROGVWKHIRXQGDWLRQRIWKHHVVD\WRJHWKHU:LWKRXW
ORJLFDOSURJUHVVLRQRIWKRXJKWWKHUHDGHULVXQDEOHWRIROORZWKHHVVD\VDUJXPHQWDQG
WKHVWUXFWXUHZLOOFROODSVH
Bodyparagraphsthatincludeevidentialsupport.
(DFKSDUDJUDSKVKRXOGEHOLPLWHGWRWKHH[SRVLWLRQRIRQHJHQHUDOLGHD7KLVZLOODOORZ
IRUFODULW\DQGGLUHFWLRQWKURXJKRXWWKHHVVD\:KDWLVPRUHVXFKFRQFLVHQHVVFUHDWHV
DQHDVHRIUHDGDELOLW\IRURQHVDXGLHQFH,WLVLPSRUWDQWWRQRWHWKDWHDFKSDUDJUDSKLQ
WKHERG\RIWKHHVVD\PXVWKDYHVRPHORJLFDOFRQQHFWLRQWRWKHWKHVLVVWDWHPHQWLQWKH
RSHQLQJSDUDJUDSK
Evidentialsupport(whetherfactual,logical,statistical,oranecdotal).
2IWHQWLPHVVWXGHQWVDUHUHTXLUHGWRZULWHH[SRVLWRU\HVVD\VZLWKOLWWOHRUQR
SUHSDUDWLRQWKHUHIRUHVXFKHVVD\VGRQRWW\SLFDOO\DOORZIRUDJUHDWGHDORIVWDWLVWLFDO
RUIDFWXDOHYLGHQFH
Abitofcreativity!
7KRXJKFUHDWLYLW\DQGDUWIXOQHVVDUHQRWDOZD\VDVVRFLDWHGZLWKHVVD\ZULWLQJLWLVDQ
DUWIRUPQRQHWKHOHVV7U\QRWWRJHWVWXFNRQWKHIRUPXODLFQDWXUHRIH[SRVLWRU\ZULWLQJ
DWWKHH[SHQVHRIZULWLQJVRPHWKLQJLQWHUHVWLQJ5HPHPEHUWKRXJK\RXPD\QRWEH
FUDIWLQJWKHQH[WJUHDWQRYHO\RXDUHDWWHPSWLQJWROHDYHDODVWLQJLPSUHVVLRQRQWKH
SHRSOHHYDOXDWLQJ\RXUHVVD\
Aconclusionthatdoesnotsimplyrestatethethesis,butreaddressesitin
lightoftheevidenceprovided.
,WLVDWWKLVSRLQWRIWKHHVVD\WKDWVWXGHQWVZLOOLQHYLWDEO\EHJLQWRVWUXJJOH7KLVLVWKH
SRUWLRQRIWKHHVVD\WKDWZLOOOHDYHWKHPRVWLPPHGLDWHLPSUHVVLRQRQWKHPLQGRIWKH
UHDGHU7KHUHIRUHLWPXVWEHHIIHFWLYHDQGORJLFDO'RQRWLQWURGXFHDQ\QHZ
LQIRUPDWLRQLQWRWKHFRQFOXVLRQUDWKHUV\QWKHVL]HDQGFRPHWRDFRQFOXVLRQ
FRQFHUQLQJWKHLQIRUPDWLRQSUHVHQWHGLQWKHERG\RIWKHHVVD\
Acompleteargument
3HUKDSVLWLVKHOSIXOWRWKLQNRIDQHVVD\LQWHUPVRIDFRQYHUVDWLRQRUGHEDWHZLWKD
FODVVPDWH,I,ZHUHWRGLVFXVVWKHFDXVHRIWKH*UHDW'HSUHVVLRQDQGLWVFXUUHQWHIIHFW
RQWKRVHZKROLYHGWKURXJKWKHWXPXOWXRXVWLPHWKHUHZRXOGEHDEHJLQQLQJPLGGOH
DQGHQGWRWKHFRQYHUVDWLRQ,QIDFWLI,ZHUHWRHQGWKHH[SRVLWLRQLQWKHPLGGOHRIP\
VHFRQGSRLQWTXHVWLRQVZRXOGDULVHFRQFHUQLQJWKHFXUUHQWHIIHFWVRQWKRVHZKROLYHG
WKURXJKWKH'HSUHVVLRQ7KHUHIRUHWKHH[SRVLWRU\HVVD\PXVWEHFRPSOHWHDQG
ORJLFDOO\VROHDYLQJQRGRXEWDVWRLWVLQWHQWRUDUJXPHQW
ThefiveparagraphEssay
$FRPPRQPHWKRGIRUZULWLQJDQH[SRVLWRU\HVVD\LVWKHILYHSDUDJUDSKDSSURDFK
7KLVLVKRZHYHUE\QRPHDQVWKHRQO\IRUPXODIRUZULWLQJVXFKHVVD\V,ILWVRXQGV
KWWSVRZOHQJOLVKSXUGXHHGXRZORZOSULQW





3XUGXH2:/

VWUDLJKWIRUZDUGWKDWLVEHFDXVHLWLVLQIDFWWKHPHWKRGFRQVLVWVRI
 DQLQWURGXFWRU\SDUDJUDSK
 WKUHHHYLGHQWLDU\ERG\SDUDJUDSKV
 DFRQFOXVLRQ
Contributors:-DFN%DNHU$OOHQ%UL]HH(OL]DEHWK$QJHOL
Summary:
7KH0RGHVRI'LVFRXUVH([SRVLWLRQ'HVFULSWLRQ1DUUDWLRQ$UJXPHQWDWLRQ
('1$DUHFRPPRQSDSHUDVVLJQPHQWV\RXPD\HQFRXQWHULQ\RXUZULWLQJFODVVHV
$OWKRXJKWKHVHJHQUHVKDYHEHHQFULWLFL]HGE\VRPHFRPSRVLWLRQVFKRODUVWKH3XUGXH
2:/UHFRJQL]HVWKHZLGHVSUHDGXVHRIWKHVHDSSURDFKHVDQGVWXGHQWVQHHGWR
XQGHUVWDQGDQGSURGXFHWKHP

DescriptiveEssays
Whatisadescriptiveessay?
7KHGHVFULSWLYHHVVD\LVDJHQUHRIHVVD\WKDWDVNVWKHVWXGHQWWRGHVFULEHVRPHWKLQJ
REMHFWSHUVRQSODFHH[SHULHQFHHPRWLRQVLWXDWLRQHWF7KLVJHQUHHQFRXUDJHVWKH
VWXGHQWVDELOLW\WRFUHDWHDZULWWHQDFFRXQWRIDSDUWLFXODUH[SHULHQFH:KDWLVPRUH
WKLVJHQUHDOORZVIRUDJUHDWGHDORIDUWLVWLFIUHHGRPWKHJRDORIZKLFKLVWRSDLQWDQ
LPDJHWKDWLVYLYLGDQGPRYLQJLQWKHPLQGRIWKHUHDGHU
2QHPLJKWEHQHILWIURPNHHSLQJLQPLQGWKLVVLPSOHPD[LP,IWKHUHDGHULVXQDEOHWR
FOHDUO\IRUPDQLPSUHVVLRQRIWKHWKLQJWKDW\RXDUHGHVFULELQJWU\WU\DJDLQ
+HUHDUHVRPHJXLGHOLQHVIRUZULWLQJDGHVFULSWLYHHVVD\
Taketimetobrainstorm
,I\RXULQVWUXFWRUDVNV\RXWRGHVFULEH\RXUIDYRULWHIRRGPDNHVXUHWKDW\RXMRWGRZQ
VRPHLGHDVEHIRUH\RXEHJLQGHVFULELQJLW)RULQVWDQFHLI\RXFKRRVHSL]]D\RX
PLJKWVWDUWE\ZULWLQJGRZQDIHZZRUGVVDXFHFKHHVHFUXVWSHSSHURQLVDXVDJH
VSLFHVKRWPHOWHGHWF2QFH\RXKDYHZULWWHQGRZQVRPHZRUGV\RXFDQEHJLQE\
FRPSLOLQJGHVFULSWLYHOLVWVIRUHDFKRQH
Useclearandconciselanguage.
7KLVPHDQVWKDWZRUGVDUHFKRVHQFDUHIXOO\SDUWLFXODUO\IRUWKHLUUHOHYDQF\LQUHODWLRQ
WRWKDWZKLFK\RXDUHLQWHQGLQJWRGHVFULEH
Choosevividlanguage.
:K\XVHhorseZKHQ\RXFDQFKRRVHstallion":K\QRWXVHtempestuousLQVWHDGRI
violent"2UZK\QRWmiserlyLQSODFHRIcheap"6XFKFKRLFHVIRUPDILUPHULPDJHLQ
WKHPLQGRIWKHUHDGHUDQGRIWHQWLPHVRIIHUQXDQFHGPHDQLQJVWKDWVHUYHEHWWHURQHV
SXUSRVH
Useyoursenses!
5HPHPEHULI\RXDUHGHVFULELQJVRPHWKLQJ\RXQHHGWREHDSSHDOLQJWRWKHVHQVHVRI
WKHUHDGHU([SODLQKRZWKHWKLQJVPHOOHGIHOWVRXQGHGWDVWHGRUORRNHG(PEHOOLVK
KWWSVRZOHQJOLVKSXUGXHHGXRZORZOSULQW





3XUGXH2:/

WKHPRPHQWZLWKVHQVHV
Whatwereyouthinking?!
,I\RXFDQGHVFULEHHPRWLRQVRUIHHOLQJVUHODWHGWR\RXUWRSLF\RXZLOOFRQQHFWZLWK
WKHUHDGHURQDGHHSHUOHYHO0DQ\KDYHIHOWFUXVKLQJORVVLQWKHLUOLYHVRUHFVWDWLFMR\
RUPLOGFRPSODFHQF\7DSLQWRWKLVHPRWLRQDOUHVHUYRLULQRUGHUWRDFKLHYH\RXUIXOO
GHVFULSWLYHSRWHQWLDO
Leavethereaderwithaclearimpression.
2QHRI\RXUJRDOVLVWRHYRNHDVWURQJVHQVHRIIDPLOLDULW\DQGDSSUHFLDWLRQLQWKH
UHDGHU,I\RXUUHDGHUFDQZDONDZD\IURPWKHHVVD\FUDYLQJWKHYHU\SL]]D\RXMXVW
GHVFULEHG\RXDUHRQ\RXUZD\WRZULWLQJHIIHFWLYHGHVFULSWLYHHVVD\V
Beorganized!
,WLVHDV\WRIDOOLQWRDQLQFRKHUHQWUDPEOLQJRIHPRWLRQVDQGVHQVHVZKHQZULWLQJD
GHVFULSWLYHHVVD\+RZHYHU\RXPXVWVWULYHWRSUHVHQWDQRUJDQL]HGDQGORJLFDO
GHVFULSWLRQLIWKHUHDGHULVWRFRPHDZD\IURPWKHHVVD\ZLWKDFRJHQWVHQVHRIZKDWLW
LV\RXDUHDWWHPSWLQJWRGHVFULEH
Contributors:-DFN%DNHU$OOHQ%UL]HH(OL]DEHWK$QJHOL
Summary:
7KH0RGHVRI'LVFRXUVH([SRVLWLRQ'HVFULSWLRQ1DUUDWLRQ$UJXPHQWDWLRQ
('1$DUHFRPPRQSDSHUDVVLJQPHQWV\RXPD\HQFRXQWHULQ\RXUZULWLQJFODVVHV
$OWKRXJKWKHVHJHQUHVKDYHEHHQFULWLFL]HGE\VRPHFRPSRVLWLRQVFKRODUVWKH3XUGXH
2:/UHFRJQL]HVWKHZLGHVSUHDGXVHRIWKHVHDSSURDFKHVDQGVWXGHQWVQHHGWR
XQGHUVWDQGDQGSURGXFHWKHP

NarrativeEssays
Whatisanarrativeessay?
:KHQZULWLQJDQDUUDWLYHHVVD\RQHPLJKWWKLQNRILWDVWHOOLQJDVWRU\7KHVHHVVD\V
DUHRIWHQDQHFGRWDOH[SHULHQWLDODQGSHUVRQDODOORZLQJVWXGHQWVWRH[SUHVV
WKHPVHOYHVLQDFUHDWLYHDQGTXLWHRIWHQPRYLQJZD\V
+HUHDUHVRPHJXLGHOLQHVIRUZULWLQJDQDUUDWLYHHVVD\
Ifwrittenasastory,theessayshouldincludeallthepartsofastory.
7KLVPHDQVWKDW\RXPXVWLQFOXGHDQLQWURGXFWLRQSORWFKDUDFWHUVVHWWLQJFOLPD[DQG
FRQFOXVLRQ
Whenwouldanarrativeessaynotbewrittenasastory?
$JRRGH[DPSOHRIWKLVLVZKHQDQLQVWUXFWRUDVNVDVWXGHQWWRZULWHDERRNUHSRUW
2EYLRXVO\WKLVZRXOGQRWQHFHVVDULO\IROORZWKHSDWWHUQRIDVWRU\DQGZRXOGIRFXVRQ
SURYLGLQJDQLQIRUPDWLYHQDUUDWLYHIRUWKHUHDGHU
Theessayshouldhaveapurpose.
KWWSVRZOHQJOLVKSXUGXHHGXRZORZOSULQW





3XUGXH2:/

0DNHDSRLQW7KLQNRIWKLVDVWKHWKHVLVRI\RXUVWRU\,IWKHUHLVQRSRLQWWRZKDW\RX
DUHQDUUDWLQJZK\QDUUDWHLWDWDOO"
Theessayshouldbewrittenfromaclearpointofview.
,WLVTXLWHFRPPRQIRUQDUUDWLYHHVVD\VWREHZULWWHQIURPWKHVWDQGSRLQWRIWKHDXWKRU
KRZHYHUWKLVLVQRWWKHVROHSHUVSHFWLYHWREHFRQVLGHUHG&UHDWLYLW\LQQDUUDWLYH
HVVD\VRIWHQWLPHVPDQLIHVWVLWVHOILQWKHIRUPRIDXWKRULDOSHUVSHFWLYH
Useclearandconciselanguagethroughouttheessay.
0XFKOLNHWKHGHVFULSWLYHHVVD\QDUUDWLYHHVVD\VDUHHIIHFWLYHZKHQWKHODQJXDJHLV
FDUHIXOO\SDUWLFXODUO\DQGDUWIXOO\FKRVHQ8VHVSHFLILFODQJXDJHWRHYRNHVSHFLILF
HPRWLRQVDQGVHQVHVLQWKHUHDGHU
TheuseofthefirstpersonpronounIiswelcomed.
'RQRWDEXVHWKLVJXLGHOLQH7KRXJKLWLVZHOFRPHGLWLVQRWQHFHVVDU\QRUVKRXOGLW
EHRYHUXVHGIRUODFNRIFOHDUHUGLFWLRQ
Asalways,beorganized!
+DYHDFOHDULQWURGXFWLRQWKDWVHWVWKHWRQHIRUWKHUHPDLQGHURIWKHHVVD\'RQRWOHDYH
WKHUHDGHUJXHVVLQJDERXWWKHSXUSRVHRI\RXUQDUUDWLYH5HPHPEHU\RXDUHLQFRQWURO
RIWKHHVVD\VRJXLGHLWZKHUH\RXGHVLUHMXVWPDNHVXUH\RXUDXGLHQFHFDQIROORZ
\RXUOHDG
Contributors:-DFN%DNHU$OOHQ%UL]HH(OL]DEHWK$QJHOL
Summary:
7KH0RGHVRI'LVFRXUVH([SRVLWLRQ'HVFULSWLRQ1DUUDWLRQ$UJXPHQWDWLRQ
('1$DUHFRPPRQSDSHUDVVLJQPHQWV\RXPD\HQFRXQWHULQ\RXUZULWLQJFODVVHV
$OWKRXJKWKHVHJHQUHVKDYHEHHQFULWLFL]HGE\VRPHFRPSRVLWLRQVFKRODUVWKH3XUGXH
2:/UHFRJQL]HVWKHZLGHVSUHDGXVHRIWKHVHDSSURDFKHVDQGVWXGHQWVQHHGWR
XQGHUVWDQGDQGSURGXFHWKHP

ArgumentativeEssays
Whatisanargumentativeessay?
7KHDUJXPHQWDWLYHHVVD\LVDJHQUHRIZULWLQJWKDWUHTXLUHVWKHVWXGHQWWRLQYHVWLJDWHD
WRSLFFROOHFWJHQHUDWHDQGHYDOXDWHHYLGHQFHDQGHVWDEOLVKDSRVLWLRQRQWKHWRSLFLQ
DFRQFLVHPDQQHU
Pleasenote6RPHFRQIXVLRQPD\RFFXUEHWZHHQWKHDUJXPHQWDWLYHHVVD\DQGWKH
H[SRVLWRU\HVVD\7KHVHWZRJHQUHVDUHVLPLODUEXWWKHDUJXPHQWDWLYHHVVD\GLIIHUV
IURPWKHH[SRVLWRU\HVVD\LQWKHDPRXQWRISUHZULWLQJLQYHQWLRQDQGUHVHDUFK
LQYROYHG7KHDUJXPHQWDWLYHHVVD\LVFRPPRQO\DVVLJQHGDVDFDSVWRQHRUILQDOSURMHFW
LQILUVW\HDUZULWLQJRUDGYDQFHGFRPSRVLWLRQFRXUVHVDQGLQYROYHVOHQJWK\GHWDLOHG
UHVHDUFK([SRVLWRU\HVVD\VLQYROYHOHVVUHVHDUFKDQGDUHVKRUWHULQOHQJWK([SRVLWRU\
HVVD\VDUHRIWHQXVHGIRULQFODVVZULWLQJH[HUFLVHVRUWHVWVVXFKDVWKH*('RU*5(
$UJXPHQWDWLYHHVVD\DVVLJQPHQWVJHQHUDOO\FDOOIRUH[WHQVLYHUHVHDUFKRIOLWHUDWXUHRU
SUHYLRXVO\SXEOLVKHGPDWHULDO$UJXPHQWDWLYHDVVLJQPHQWVPD\DOVRUHTXLUHHPSLULFDO
KWWSVRZOHQJOLVKSXUGXHHGXRZORZOSULQW





3XUGXH2:/

UHVHDUFKZKHUHWKHVWXGHQWFROOHFWVGDWDWKURXJKLQWHUYLHZVVXUYH\VREVHUYDWLRQVRU
H[SHULPHQWV'HWDLOHGUHVHDUFKDOORZVWKHVWXGHQWWROHDUQDERXWWKHWRSLFDQGWR
XQGHUVWDQGGLIIHUHQWSRLQWVRIYLHZUHJDUGLQJWKHWRSLFVRWKDWVKHKHPD\FKRRVHD
SRVLWLRQDQGVXSSRUWLWZLWKWKHHYLGHQFHFROOHFWHGGXULQJUHVHDUFK5HJDUGOHVVRIWKH
DPRXQWRUW\SHRIUHVHDUFKLQYROYHGDUJXPHQWDWLYHHVVD\VPXVWHVWDEOLVKDFOHDUWKHVLV
DQGIROORZVRXQGUHDVRQLQJ
7KHVWUXFWXUHRIWKHDUJXPHQWDWLYHHVVD\LVKHOGWRJHWKHUE\WKHIROORZLQJ
Aclear,concise,anddefinedthesisstatementthatoccursinthefirst
paragraphoftheessay.
,QWKHILUVWSDUDJUDSKRIDQDUJXPHQWHVVD\VWXGHQWVVKRXOGVHWWKHFRQWH[WE\
UHYLHZLQJWKHWRSLFLQDJHQHUDOZD\1H[WWKHDXWKRUVKRXOGH[SODLQZK\WKHWRSLFLV
LPSRUWDQWexigenceRUZK\UHDGHUVVKRXOGFDUHDERXWWKHLVVXH/DVWO\VWXGHQWV
VKRXOGSUHVHQWWKHWKHVLVVWDWHPHQW,WLVHVVHQWLDOWKDWWKLVWKHVLVVWDWHPHQWEH
DSSURSULDWHO\QDUURZHGWRIROORZWKHJXLGHOLQHVVHWIRUWKLQWKHDVVLJQPHQW,IWKH
VWXGHQWGRHVQRWPDVWHUWKLVSRUWLRQRIWKHHVVD\LWZLOOEHTXLWHGLIILFXOWWRFRPSRVH
DQHIIHFWLYHRUSHUVXDVLYHHVVD\
Clearandlogicaltransitionsbetweentheintroduction,body,and
conclusion.
7UDQVLWLRQVDUHWKHPRUWDUWKDWKROGVWKHIRXQGDWLRQRIWKHHVVD\WRJHWKHU:LWKRXW
ORJLFDOSURJUHVVLRQRIWKRXJKWWKHUHDGHULVXQDEOHWRIROORZWKHHVVD\VDUJXPHQWDQG
WKHVWUXFWXUHZLOOFROODSVH7UDQVLWLRQVVKRXOGZUDSXSWKHLGHDIURPWKHSUHYLRXV
VHFWLRQDQGLQWURGXFHWKHLGHDWKDWLVWRIROORZLQWKHQH[WVHFWLRQ
Bodyparagraphsthatincludeevidentialsupport.
(DFKSDUDJUDSKVKRXOGEHOLPLWHGWRWKHGLVFXVVLRQRIRQHJHQHUDOLGHD7KLVZLOODOORZ
IRUFODULW\DQGGLUHFWLRQWKURXJKRXWWKHHVVD\,QDGGLWLRQVXFKFRQFLVHQHVVFUHDWHVDQ
HDVHRIUHDGDELOLW\IRURQHVDXGLHQFH,WLVLPSRUWDQWWRQRWHWKDWHDFKSDUDJUDSKLQWKH
ERG\RIWKHHVVD\PXVWKDYHVRPHORJLFDOFRQQHFWLRQWRWKHWKHVLVVWDWHPHQWLQWKH
RSHQLQJSDUDJUDSK6RPHSDUDJUDSKVZLOOGLUHFWO\VXSSRUWWKHWKHVLVVWDWHPHQWZLWK
HYLGHQFHFROOHFWHGGXULQJUHVHDUFK,WLVDOVRLPSRUWDQWWRH[SODLQKRZDQGZK\WKH
HYLGHQFHVXSSRUWVWKHWKHVLVwarrant
+RZHYHUDUJXPHQWDWLYHHVVD\VVKRXOGDOVRFRQVLGHUDQGH[SODLQGLIIHULQJSRLQWVRI
YLHZUHJDUGLQJWKHWRSLF'HSHQGLQJRQWKHOHQJWKRIWKHDVVLJQPHQWVWXGHQWVVKRXOG
GHGLFDWHRQHRUWZRSDUDJUDSKVRIDQDUJXPHQWDWLYHHVVD\WRGLVFXVVLQJFRQIOLFWLQJ
RSLQLRQVRQWKHWRSLF5DWKHUWKDQH[SODLQLQJKRZWKHVHGLIIHULQJRSLQLRQVDUHZURQJ
RXWULJKWVWXGHQWVVKRXOGQRWHKRZRSLQLRQVWKDWGRQRWDOLJQZLWKWKHLUWKHVLVPLJKW
QRWEHZHOOLQIRUPHGRUKRZWKH\PLJKWEHRXWRIGDWH
Evidentialsupport(whetherfactual,logical,statistical,oranecdotal).
7KHDUJXPHQWDWLYHHVVD\UHTXLUHVZHOOUHVHDUFKHGDFFXUDWHGHWDLOHGDQGFXUUHQW
LQIRUPDWLRQWRVXSSRUWWKHWKHVLVVWDWHPHQWDQGFRQVLGHURWKHUSRLQWVRIYLHZ6RPH
IDFWXDOORJLFDOVWDWLVWLFDORUDQHFGRWDOHYLGHQFHVKRXOGVXSSRUWWKHWKHVLV+RZHYHU
VWXGHQWVPXVWFRQVLGHUPXOWLSOHSRLQWVRIYLHZZKHQFROOHFWLQJHYLGHQFH$VQRWHGLQ
WKHSDUDJUDSKDERYHDVXFFHVVIXODQGZHOOURXQGHGDUJXPHQWDWLYHHVVD\ZLOODOVR
GLVFXVVRSLQLRQVQRWDOLJQLQJZLWKWKHWKHVLV,WLVXQHWKLFDOWRH[FOXGHHYLGHQFHWKDW
PD\QRWVXSSRUWWKHWKHVLV,WLVQRWWKHVWXGHQWVMREWRSRLQWRXWKRZRWKHUSRVLWLRQV
DUHZURQJRXWULJKWEXWUDWKHUWRH[SODLQKRZRWKHUSRVLWLRQVPD\QRWEHZHOOLQIRUPHG
KWWSVRZOHQJOLVKSXUGXHHGXRZORZOSULQW





3XUGXH2:/

RUXSWRGDWHRQWKHWRSLF
Aconclusionthatdoesnotsimplyrestatethethesis,butreaddressesitin
lightoftheevidenceprovided.
,WLVDWWKLVSRLQWRIWKHHVVD\WKDWVWXGHQWVPD\EHJLQWRVWUXJJOH7KLVLVWKHSRUWLRQRI
WKHHVVD\WKDWZLOOOHDYHWKHPRVWLPPHGLDWHLPSUHVVLRQRQWKHPLQGRIWKHUHDGHU
7KHUHIRUHLWPXVWEHHIIHFWLYHDQGORJLFDO'RQRWLQWURGXFHDQ\QHZLQIRUPDWLRQLQWR
WKHFRQFOXVLRQUDWKHUV\QWKHVL]HWKHLQIRUPDWLRQSUHVHQWHGLQWKHERG\RIWKHHVVD\
5HVWDWHZK\WKHWRSLFLVLPSRUWDQWUHYLHZWKHPDLQSRLQWVDQGUHYLHZ\RXUWKHVLV
<RXPD\DOVRZDQWWRLQFOXGHDVKRUWGLVFXVVLRQRIPRUHUHVHDUFKWKDWVKRXOGEH
FRPSOHWHGLQOLJKWRI\RXUZRUN
Acompleteargument
3HUKDSVLWLVKHOSIXOWRWKLQNRIDQHVVD\LQWHUPVRIDFRQYHUVDWLRQRUGHEDWHZLWKD
FODVVPDWH,I,ZHUHWRGLVFXVVWKHFDXVHRI:RUOG:DU,,DQGLWVFXUUHQWHIIHFWRQWKRVH
ZKROLYHGWKURXJKWKHWXPXOWXRXVWLPHWKHUHZRXOGEHDEHJLQQLQJPLGGOHDQGHQG
WRWKHFRQYHUVDWLRQ,QIDFWLI,ZHUHWRHQGWKHDUJXPHQWLQWKHPLGGOHRIP\VHFRQG
SRLQWTXHVWLRQVZRXOGDULVHFRQFHUQLQJWKHFXUUHQWHIIHFWVRQWKRVHZKROLYHGWKURXJK
WKHFRQIOLFW7KHUHIRUHWKHDUJXPHQWDWLYHHVVD\PXVWEHFRPSOHWHDQGORJLFDOO\VR
OHDYLQJQRGRXEWDVWRLWVLQWHQWRUDUJXPHQW
Thefiveparagraphessay
$FRPPRQPHWKRGIRUZULWLQJDQDUJXPHQWDWLYHHVVD\LVWKHILYHSDUDJUDSKDSSURDFK
7KLVLVKRZHYHUE\QRPHDQVWKHRQO\IRUPXODIRUZULWLQJVXFKHVVD\V,ILWVRXQGV
VWUDLJKWIRUZDUGWKDWLVEHFDXVHLWLVLQIDFWWKHPHWKRGFRQVLVWVRIDDQLQWURGXFWRU\
SDUDJUDSKEWKUHHHYLGHQWLDU\ERG\SDUDJUDSKVWKDWPD\LQFOXGHGLVFXVVLRQRI
RSSRVLQJYLHZVDQGFDFRQFOXVLRQ
Longerargumentativeessays
&RPSOH[LVVXHVDQGGHWDLOHGUHVHDUFKFDOOIRUFRPSOH[DQGGHWDLOHGHVVD\V
$UJXPHQWDWLYHHVVD\VGLVFXVVLQJDQXPEHURIUHVHDUFKVRXUFHVRUHPSLULFDOUHVHDUFK
ZLOOPRVWFHUWDLQO\EHORQJHUWKDQILYHSDUDJUDSKV$XWKRUVPD\KDYHWRGLVFXVVWKH
FRQWH[WVXUURXQGLQJWKHWRSLFVRXUFHVRILQIRUPDWLRQDQGWKHLUFUHGLELOLW\DVZHOODVD
QXPEHURIGLIIHUHQWRSLQLRQVRQWKHLVVXHEHIRUHFRQFOXGLQJWKHHVVD\0DQ\RIWKHVH
IDFWRUVZLOOEHGHWHUPLQHGE\WKHDVVLJQPHQW

&RS\ULJKWE\TheWritingLab TheOWLatPurdueDQGPurdueUniversity$OO
ULJKWVUHVHUYHG7KLVPDWHULDOPD\QRWEHSXEOLVKHGUHSURGXFHGEURDGFDVWUHZULWWHQRUUHGLVWULEXWHG
ZLWKRXWSHUPLVVLRQ8VHRIWKLVVLWHFRQVWLWXWHVDFFHSWDQFHRIourtermsandconditionsoffairuse

KWWSVRZOHQJOLVKSXUGXHHGXRZORZOSULQW