RESULT

Feed Concentration

Concentration of NaOH (CNaOH) = 0.05 mol/L

Standard Solution

Concentration of ethyl acetate (CEA) = 0.1 mol/L

Concentration of HCl (CHCl,std) = 0.25 mol/L
Volume of HCl (VHCl) = 10 mL = 0.01 L

Sample

Concentration of NaOH (CNaOH) = 0.1 mol/L

Volume of Sample (VS) = 50 mL = 0.05 L

Temperature: 35
Time (min)
Volume of titrating NaOH (mL)
Volume of quenching HCl unreacter with

1
9.0
3.6

5
25.0
10

10
19.5
7.8

15
19.0
7.6

20
12.0
4.8

25
11.4
4.56

NaOH in Sample (mL)

Volume of HCl Reacted with NaOH in

6.4

2.2

2.4

5.2

5.44

Sample (mL)
Mole of HCl Reacted with NaOH in

16

5.5

6.0

13

13.6

Sample (mol) (x10-4)

Mole of NaOH unreacted in Sample

16

5.5

6.0

13

13.6

(mol) (x10-4)
Concentration of NaOH unreacted with

3.2

1.1

1.2

2.6

2.72

Ethyl Acetate (mol/L) (X10-2)

Steady State Fraction Conversion of

0.36

0.78

0.76

0.48

0.456

NaOH
Concentration of NaOH reacted with

1.8

3.9

3.8

2.4

2.28

Ethyl Acetate (mol/L) (X10-2)

Mole of NaOH reacted with Ethyl

0.9

25

1.95

1.9

Acetate in Sample(mol) (X10-3)

Concentration of Ethyl Acetate reacted

1.8

3.9

3.8

2.4

2.28

with NaOH (mol/L) (X10-2)

Concentration of Ethyl Acetate unreacted

8.2

6.1

6.2

7.6

7.72

Time (min)
Volume of titrating NaOH (mL)
Volume of quenching HCl unreacter

1
18.3
7.32

5
18.4
7.36

10
18.7
7.48

15
18.8
7.52

20
18.5
7.4

25
18.4
7.36

with NaOH in Sample (mL)

Volume of HCl Reacted with NaOH in

2.68

2.64

2.52

2.48

2.6

2.64

1.2

1.14

(mol/L) (X10-2)
Temperature: 45

Sample (mL)
Mole of HCl Reacted with NaOH in

6.7

6.6

6.3

6.2

6.5

6.6

Sample (mol) (x10-4)

Mole of NaOH unreacted in Sample

6.7

6.6

6.3

6.2

6.5

6.6

(mol) (x10-4)
Concentration of NaOH unreacted with

1.34

1.32

1.26

1.24

1.3

1.32

Ethyl Acetate (mol/L) (X10-2)

Steady State Fraction Conversion of

0.732

0.736

0.748 0.752

0.74

0.736

NaOH
Concentration of NaOH reacted with

3.66

3.68

3.74

3.76

3.7

3.68

Ethyl Acetate (mol/L) (X10-2)

Mole of NaOH reacted with Ethyl

1.83

1.84

1.87

1.88

1.85

1.84

Acetate in Sample(mol) (X10-3)

Concentration of Ethyl Acetate reacted

3.66

3.68

3.74

3.76

3.7

3.68

with NaOH (mol/L) (X10-2)

Concentration of Ethyl Acetate

6.34

6.32

6.26

6.24

6.3

6.32

Time (min)
Volume of titrating NaOH (mL)
Volume of quenching HCl unreacter

1
17.9
7.16

5
18.1
7.24

10
17.5
7.0

15
17.2
6.88

20
18.2
7.28

25
19.2
7.68

with NaOH in Sample (mL)

Volume of HCl Reacted with NaOH in

2.84

2.76

3.0

3.12

2.72

2.32

Sample (mL)
Mole of HCl Reacted with NaOH in

7.1

6.9

7.5

7.8

6.8

5.8

Sample (mol) (x10-4)

Mole of NaOH unreacted in Sample

7.1

6.9

7.5

7.8

6.8

5.8

unreacted (mol/L) (X10-2)

Temperature: 55

(mol) (x10-4)

Concentration of NaOH unreacted with

1.42

1.38

1.5

1.56

1.36

1.16

Ethyl Acetate (mol/L) (X10-2)

Steady State Fraction Conversion of

0.716

0.724

0.7

0.688

0.728

0.768

NaOH
Concentration of NaOH reacted with

3.58

3.62

3.5

3.44

3.64

3.84

Ethyl Acetate (mol/L) (X10-2)

Mole of NaOH reacted with Ethyl

1.79

1.81

1.75

1.72

1.82

1.92

Acetate in Sample(mol) (X10-3)

Concentration of Ethyl Acetate reacted

3.58

3.62

3.5

3.44

3.64

3.84

with NaOH (mol/L) (X10-2)

Concentration of Ethyl Acetate

6.42

6.38

6.5

6.56

6.36

6.16

unreacted (mol/L) (X10-2)

SAMPLE OF CALCULATIONS
Sample: time = 1 min , temperature = 35;
(A) Volume of titrating NaOH (mL) = 9.0 mL = 0.009L
(B) Volume of quenching HCl Unreacted = C NaOH,std x (A)
with NaOH in Sample (mL)
C HCl, std
= 0.1 mol / L x 9.0 mL
0.25 mol/L
= 3.6 mL
(C) Volume of HCl Reacted with NaOH = VHCl (B)
in sample (mL)
= 10 mL 3.6 mL

= 6.4 mL = 0.0064 L
(D) Mole of HCl Reacted with NaOH in = C HCl, std x (C)
sample (mol)
= 0.25 mol/L x 0.0064 L
= 1.6 x 10-3 mol
(E) Mole of NaOH unreacted in Sample = (D)
(mol)
= 1.6 x 10-3 mol
(F) Concentration of NaOH unreacted = (D)
with Ethyl Acetate (mol/L)
VS
= 1.6 x 10-3 mol
0.05 L
= 0.032 mol/L
(G) Steady State Fraction Conversion = 1 (F)
of NaOH (XA)
CAO
= 1 - 0.032 mol/L
0.05 mol/L
= 0.36
(H) Concentration of NaOH reacted = CNaOH,O (F)
with Ethyl Acetate (mol/L)
= 0.05 mol/L - 0.032 mol/L
= 0.018 mol/L
(I) Mole of NaOH reacted with
Ethyl Acetate in Sample(mol)

= (H) x VS
= 0.018 mol/L x 0.05 L
= 9.0 x 10-4 mol

(J) Concentration of Ethyl Acetate = (I)

reacted with NaOH (mol/L)
Vs
= 9.0 x 10-4 mol
0.05 L
= 0.018 mol/L

(K) Concentration of Ethyl Acetate = CEA,O (J)

unreacted (mol/L)
= 0.1 mol/L 0.018 mol/L
= 0.082 mol/L

Temperature = 35
Time (min)
CA or (F)
ln CA

1
0.032
-3.442

5
0
-

10
0.011
-4.509
3.605 (3.442)
25 1
K 0.00679 min 1
K

15
0.012
-4.423

20
0.026
-3.649

25
0.0272
-3.605

GRAPH 1

Temperature = 45
Time (min)
CA or (F)
ln CA

1
0.0134
-4.313

5
0.0132
-4.328

10
0.0126
-4.374

15
0.0124
-4.390

20
0.013
-4.343

25
0.0132
-4.328

15
0.0156
-4.160

20
0.0136
-4.298

25
0.0116
-4.457

4.328 (4.313)
25 1
K 0.000625 min 1
K

GRAPH 2

Temperature = 55
Time (min)
CA or (F)
ln CA

1
0.0142
-4.255

5
0.0138
-4.283

10
0.015
-4.199

4.298 (4.283)
20 5
K 0.001min 1
K

GRAPH 3

PROCEDURE
Reactant Preparation Procedure
1. 0.05 M NaOH and 0.05 M Ethyl Acetate solutions is prepared in two separate 20
liter feed tanks.

2. The concentration of 0.1 M NaOH solution is to be confirmed by titrating a small

amount of it with 0.1 M HCl using phenolphthalein as indicator. The concentration
of ethyl acetate solution is evaluated by the following manner. First, 0.1 M NaOH
solution is added to a sample of the feed solution such that the 0.1 M NaOH
solution is in excess to ensure all of the ethyl acetate has reacted. This mixture is
let to be reacting overnight. On the following day, the amount of unreacted NaOH
is determined by direct titration with standard 0.1 M HCl. The ethyl acetate real
concentration is then recorded.
3. 1 liter of quenching solution of 0.25 M HCl and 1 liter of 0.1 M NaOH is prepared
for back titration.
Experiment A:
1. The overflow tube in the reactor is being adjusted to give a desired working
volume (2.5liters). The pump P1 was switched on to start on pumping 1.25
liters of 0.1M ethyl acetate form the feed tank into reactor. The pump P1
stopped.
2. Then the pump P2 was switched on and started to pump another 1.25 liters of
the 0.1M NaOH into the reactor. When the 2.5 liters volume is reached, then
the pump P2 were being stopped. The stirrer then being switched on and the
speed was set in the mid range (180rpm). The time is being observed. The start
time are recorded.
3. 10ml of the 0.25M HCL were quickly measured in a flask.
4. After 1 minute of reaction, sampling valve V7 opened to collect 50ml sample.
10ml of the 0.25M HCL are immediately added into the sample. The HCL
quench the reaction between ethyl acetate and sodium hydroxide.
5. The mixture was titrated with the 0.1M NaOH to evaluate the amount of unreacted HCL. This had provided us with the information to determine the
amount NaOH in
Experiment B:
1. The overflow tube in the reactor is being adjusted to give a desired working
volume (2.5liters). The pump P1 was switched on to start on pumping 1.25
liters of 0.05M ethyl acetate form the feed tank into reactor. The pump P1
stopped.

2. Then the pump P2 was switch on and starts to pump another 1.25 liters of the
0.05M NaOH into the reactor. The heater was switched on and the temperature
was set to be 30c when the heater is fully immersed. The cooling water being
run. The pump P2 was being stopped when the 2.5 liters of volume are
reached. The stirrer then being switches on and the speed was set in the mid
range (180rpm). The time is being observed. The start time are recorded.
3. 10ml of the 0.25M HCL were quickly measured in a flask.
4. After 1 minute of reaction, sampling valve V7 opened to collect 50ml sample.
10ml of the 0.25M HCL are immediately added into the sample. The HCL
quench the reaction between ethyl acetate and sodium hydroxide.
5. The mixture was titrated with the 0.1M NaOH to evaluate the amount of unreacted HCL. This had provided us with the information to determine the
amount NaOH in feed solution which has reacted.
6. Steps 4 and 5 were repeated for reaction times of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25.
7. The experiment was repeated for reaction temperatures 35C, 45C and 55C.
8. The graph of ln CA vs time (min) was plotted and value of K was determined.

REFERENCES
1) Mohd Danish et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 2, ( Part -2) February 2015,
pp.74-78

2) Fogler, H. S., 2014. Continuous-Flow Reactors . In: Elements Of Chemical

Reaction Engineering, Fourth Edition. s.l.:Pearson New International Edition,
pp. 12-13.
3) Levenspiel,O,Chemical Reaction Engineering, John Wiley, 1972
4) Robert H.Perry, Don W.Green, Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook,
McGraw Hill,1998
5) H. Scott Fogler, 2014, Element of Chemical Reaction Engineering, 4th edition,
Pearson New International Edition.