Dimapilis, Ma.

Carmela
HUB 31

AGENT:

The Course of Disease in Humans

CLINICAL HORIZON

Measles virus

HOST: Humans are the

primary host, but non-human
primates can also be a host

ENVIROMENTAL
FACTORS:

Human beings are

the only vector. Not found
in the environment

High concentration
of unvaccinated people

In places with poor

hygiene and lack of proper
nutrition

DEATH
CHRONIC STATE
DISABILITY

ILLNESS

full-body rash
Koplik's spots, small
red spots with bluewhite centers that
appear
inside
the
mouth.

A decrease in symptoms,
such as less coughing, lower
fever and overall feeling in
the body. Once the disease
has run its course, the
person will be immune from
the virus.

DISABILITY LIMITATION

EARLY DIAGNOSIS &

PROMPT TREATMENT

and

There is no specific medical

treatment for measles.

cleanliness
o Get the measles vaccine
o Boost

your

Immune

System

SPECIFIC PROTECTION
o
Isolation. Because
measles is highly contagious
from about four days before
to four days after the rash
breaks out, people with
measles shouldn't return to
activities in which they
interact with other people
during this period.
o
Vaccinate.
Be
sure that anyone who's at
risk of getting the measles
who hasn't been fully
vaccinated receives the
measles vaccine as soon as
possible.

PRIMARY PREVENTION

Conjunctivitis occurs in
most persons with
measles,
and
inflammation of the
cornea (keratitis) is
common

DEFECT
The virus infects the
mucous membranes, then
spreads throughout the
body including the brain.

PERIOD OF PATHOGENESIS

HEALTH PROMOTION
hygiene

infects the intestinal

tracts of most persons
with measles causing
diarrehea.

RECOVERY

cough
fever
red eyes
light sensitivity
muscle aches
runny nose
sore throat

PREPATHOGENESIS PERIOD

o Practice

Total-body skin rash and

flu-like symptoms,
including a fever, cough,
and runny nose.

SIGNS &
SYMPTOMS
TISSUE &
PHYSIOLOGIC
CHANGES

Rash that spreads down

the arms and trunk,
then over the thighs,
lower legs and feet.

Common
complications
from measles include otitis
media, bronchopneumonia,
laryngotracheobronchitis,
and diarrhea. Unvaccinated
young children are at
highest risk of measles and
its complications, including
death

SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for

symptoms, microbiological
and serological testing for
measles virus or anti-measles
antibodies

Have plenty of fluids

encourage extra rest.

FIRST
AID/TREATMENT:
There is currently no
treatment for measles other
than supportive care.

Good nutrition, and treatment of

dehydration
with
WHOrecommended oral rehydration
solution.

IMMUNIZATION: There is a
trivalent vaccine using liveattenuated virus of measles,
mumps and rubella (MMR)

If a fever is making
you
uncomfortable, you can have a
non-aspirin fever medicine, such
as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.

Two doses of vitamin A

supplements, given 24 hours
apart. This treatment restores
low vitamin A levels during
measles that occur even in wellnourished children and can help
prevent eye damage and
blindness.

SECONDARY PREVENTION

and

REHABILITATION
Monitor the disease using
effective surveillance, and
evaluate
programmatic
efforts to ensure progress
of health
Treatment of measles is
essentially supportive care
with maintenance of good
hydration and replacement
of fluids lost through
diarrhea
or
emesis.
Intravenous
(IV)
rehydration
may
be
necessary if dehydration is
severe
Patients should receive
regular follow-up care with
a primary care physician for
surveillance
of
complications arising from
the infection

TERTIARY PREVENTION