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Section A [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section

1. Which classes correspond to their characteristics correctly

I
II
III
IV
A

Class

Characteristic

Diplopod
Chilopoda
Arachnida
Crustacea

Poisonous claws
A pair of legs per segment
Body divided into head, thorax and abdomen
Fused cephalothorax

I and III

I and IV

II and III

II and IV

2. Three levels of biological diversity with their explanation are given in the table below.

Level of biological diversity

Explanation

Genetic diversity

I Different types of wild orchids can be found from highland to

lowland forests or on rocky limestone hills and peat swamp forest

Species diversity

II The size, shape and flowers of hybrid and wild orchids vary
within their respective species.

Ecosystem diversity

III Wild orchids could grow on the ground as terrestrial orchids,

on trees as epiphytes or on rocks as lithophytes

Which levels of biologycal diversity correspond to their explanation?

A
B
C
D

Genetic
diversity

Species
diversity

Ecosystem
Diversity

I
II
II
III

II
III
I
I

III
I
III
II

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3. Which of the following contributes most to the rate of chemical cycling in an ecosystem?
A.
B.
C.
D.

The rate of primary production

The efficiency of secondary production
The trophic efficiency of the ecosystem
The rate of decomposition

4. A study to estimate the population of a plant species, using the quadrat sampling method was
done in a field. Ten quadrats of 1m x 1m were placed randomly in the area. The result
obtained from the study is shown in the graph below.

Total number of plants

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1

10

quadrat number

Base on the graph above , what is the frequency of the plant in the area?
A

30%

50%

70%

73%

5. Which processes result in the greatest amount of genetic variation in a population?

A. Meiosis and mutation
B. Mutation and mitosis
C. Mitosis and natural selection
D. Natural selection and meiosis

6. Crow and pigeon cannot interbreed due to

A
gametic isolation
B
C
ecological isolation
D

temporal isolation
behavioral isolation

7. Two types of population growth of organisms X and Y are shown in the graph below.

Which is true of Z?
A

Lack of parental care

Resources become limited

The habitat was disturbed

The production of offspring is low

8. Which of the following statements is not true regarding the genetic code?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Genetic code is a triplet

Genetic code is specific
Genetic code AUG is the termination code
Genetic code AUG is the code for amino acid methionine

9. Self cross of snapdragon plants ( Antirrhunum majus) with pink flowers produced 200 plants
in the F1 generation. How many of it are plants with pink flowers?
A.

50

B.

75

C.

100

D.

150

10. In a population of cows at genetic equilibrium, 750 cows have dominant grey coats while the
remaining 250 cows have recessive white coat. What is the number of cows with
heterozygote genotype?
A. 0.5

B. 0.75

C. 375

D. 500

11. What are inducible enzymes?

A. Enzymes that are constantly synthesised and are not dependent on the presence of
inducers
B. Enzymes that are regularly produced but can be turned off in the presence of repressors
C. Enzymes synthesised in the presence of specific molecules called inducers
D. Enzymes that are regularly produced but that can be turned off in the presence of
corepressors

12. Bacteria were grown in a medium containing N15 and were then transferred to a medium
containing N14. After two DNA replications occurred, DNA samples were extracted and
centrifuged. The diagram below shows the expected outcome according to the three
hypotheses.

Which of the following is correctly matched?

I
II
A Dispersive
Conservative
B Conservative
Semi-conservative
C Conservative
Dispersive
D Semi-conservative
Dispersive

III
Semi-conservative
Dispersive
Semi-conservative
Conservative

13. Which enzymes are required to produce cDNA?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Reverse transcriptase and restriction enzyme

Reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase
Ligase and restriction enzyme
Ligase and DNA polymerase

14. How are single strands of DNA produced in PCR?

A.
B.
C.
D.

By heating the DNA from cells

By isolating the solution containing DNA
By adding Tag polymerase
By gel electrophoresis

15. The following shows the steps taken during a DNA fingerprinting process
I.
DNA treated with endonuclease
II.
Fragments separated by gel electrophoresis
III.
Radioactive probes with complementary base sequence are added
IV
Exposed to X-ray film
The correct sequence of the steps is
A.
B.
C.
D.

I, II, III, IV
III, I, II, IV
II, I, IV, III
I, II, IV, III

Section B [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section
16. Figure below summarizes the process of translation.

codon
ribosome
(a) Name the stage of translation process shown in figure above.

[1 mark]

.
(b) What is meant by codon?

[1 mark]

.
(c) Describe the role of the ribosome in translation.

[2 marks]

..
.
..
(d) Using the information in figure above, explain how amino acids become arranged into
the correct sequence in the primary structure of the protein.
[3 marks]

17. Gene technology has many uses including the production of golden rice. Golden rice contain
carotene, from which vitamin A is synthesised in human body. The rice was developed in
Switzerland by genetically modifying rice using gene from a daffodil (a flowering plant) and
a bacterium.
Figure below shows an artificial DNA sequence used.
Q

Daffodil gene

ter

Hyg resist

ter

Key
ter terminator
Hyg resist antibiotic resistance gene from bacterium

(a) (i)

Name the DNA segment labelled Q.

[1 mark]

(ii)

Explain the role of Q.

[1 mark]

(b) Outline how the genes might have been isolated from the donor organisms. [2 mark]
..
..
(c) (i)

Explain the importance of Hyg resistance gene in the procedure.

[2 marks]

.
.
.
(ii)

Why antibiotic resistance are now rarely used in gene technology? [1 marks]

(iii)

Suggest one alternative that can be used instead of an antibiotic gene.

[1 marks]

Section C [30 marks]

Answer any two questions in this section.

18. (a) Describe the general characteristics of Fungi

(b) Explain the range of uses of Fungi in food production.

[7 marks]
[8 marks]

19. (a) (i)Sketch a graph showing the survivorship curves for a population of human beings
(K strategists), a population of oysters (r strategists) and a population of hydras. [3 marks]
(ii) Using the graphs in (a)(i), explain the survival patterns of the population of humans,
oystersand hydras.
[4 marks]
(b) (i) State three types of distribution patterns of organisms in an ecosystem

[3 marks]

(ii) What distribution patterns are most common? Explain the advantages of the
distribution pattern to organisms.
[5 marks]

20. (a) Describe adaptive radiation as the factors involved in the formation of new species
[5 marks]
(b) By using suitable genetic symbols, explain the use of a recessive homozygous organism
in a breeding experiment to determine the genotype of an organism showing a dominant
phenotype.
[10 marks]