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ABSTRACT
Localization plays a critical role in sensor based systems. Sensors that are location
aware broaden the types of sensor applications. Sensor environment contains
interferences and background noises, which make the current distance estimation
schemes difficult to the achieve high accuracy. This paper proposes an aggressive
rectangle truncation (ART) localization algorithm for locating objects in a fadingsignal sensor environment. The paper further presents a location verification
mechanism to increase the accuracy and consistency of the estimated object
location. Finally, we conduct real-world experiments to show that ART algorithm
implemented on Mica2 motes outstands the general triangulation algorithm.
Keywords: Sensor networks, fading-signal, localization, verification mechanism.
INTRODUCTION
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RELATED WORK
Many
existing
ranged-based
localization
algorithms have been proposed in wireless
environments, and triangulated based methods are
commonly used in the previous works [4, 18]. All of
the localization methods require a distance
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PRELIMINARY
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During
localization,
beacons
work
collaboratively to localize the object. In a radiofrequency (RF) based system, the distance
measurements, from the beacons to the objects,
depend on the correctness of the translation scheme
from RSSI to distance. The distance estimation can
be the visualized as the possible target locations lie
on a perimeter around the beacon position with the
radius of the estimated distance. The range of RSSI
at a distance could partially overlap with the range of
RSSI at another distance. If the range of a distance
measurement overlaps with that of a lower distance,
then the beacon could possibly overestimate the
distance to the target, and vice versa. For example,
the range of RSSI for distance at 400 cm overlaps
with that at 480 cm in Figure 1(b). A RSSI with
value 250 could potentially result in distance
estimation of 480 cm, but the distance is actually 400
cm. Since the distance could be over- or
underestimated, an upper bound of the estimated
distance, for a received RSSI from a beacon, is
establish to bind the possible target locations. Figure
2(a) shows the uncertainty region represents the
possible target locations. The solid line indicates the
upper bound for the received beacon information, but
the actual target location is supposed to be some
distance within the upper bound.
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(a)
(b)
AGGRESSIVE RECTANGLE
TRUNCATION (ART) ALGORITHM
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Beacon Priority
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= centroid(B2 B4 B5 K Bn )
K
= centroid(Bi Bi+2 Bi +3 K Bn )
K
= centroid(Bn2 Bn )
= centroid(Bn1 )
(1)
when i=1
when i = 2, , n-1 (2)
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(a) Case 1.
(b) Case 2.
(c) Case 3.
(d) Case 4.
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LOCATION VERIFICATION
MECHANISM (LVM)
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(a) P3 is sufficiently
close to the other
two points.
(b) P3 is sufficiently
close to one of the
two points.
(c) P3 cannot
confirm the
correct point.
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EXPERIMENT STUDY
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