Connecting with Computer Science Chapter 4 Review:

Chapter Summary:

Networking is essential to modern computing.

Networking requires a transmission medium to carry information from one computer device to
another.

Transmission media are rated in terms of their: bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate and
attenuation.

Copper wire has been the most widely used network conductor, primarily in the form of coaxial and
twisted pair cable.

Fiber-optic cable has a much higher band-width than copper conductors.

Cat 5 is a twisted pair copper cable used most commonly in Ethernet networks; it has a transmission
speed of up to 100 Mbps.

Wireless technologies allow networking to be conducted by using electromagnetic waves or light.

The IEEE 802.11 family of standards applies to wireless networking.

A protocol is a set of rules designed to facilitate communication and is essential to networking.

The OSI defines a set of protocols necessary for data communication; the 7 protocol layers are:
Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.

The main network types are: WAN, LAN, WLAN.

LAN topologies are: Star, Ring and Bus.

The most popular LAN technology is Ethernet, and token ring is another LAN technology.

Various hardware devices are used in networking, such as NICs repeaters, hubs, switches, bridges,
gateways routers and firewalls.

Voice telephone service is widely used to extend networks, and modems handle the conversion from
digital binary to analog audio to make using voice networks possible.

Transmission media are shared among users by using FDM and TDM techniques.

DSL, cable modems, and satellite are popular broadband WAN solutions.

Connecting with Computer Science Chapter 4 Review:

Key Terms:
10BaseT: (140)
100BaseT: (141)
10GBaseT: (141)
802.11: (144)
AM: (155)
ATM: (152)
Attenuation: (138)
Bandwidth: (138)
Bit Error Rate: (138)
Bluetooth: (144)
Bridge: (153)
Cable Modem: (159)
Cat5: (141)
CCITT: (147)
Coaxial: (139)
Datagram: (147)
DSL: (158)
Ethernet: (152)
FDDI: (152)
FDM: (158)
Fiber Optic: (141)
Firewall: (154)
FM: (155)
Gateway: (154)
Guided Media: (139)
Hub: (153)
IEEE: (142)
Impedance: (140)
Inductance: (140)
ISO: (146)
ISO OSI ref Model: (146)
LAN: (149)
Modem: (155)
NIC: (153)
Network topology: (150)
Node: (150)
PDU: (148)
PM: (155)
Protocol: (144)
Repeater: (153)
Router: (154)
Signal-to-Noise Ratio: (138)
Switch: (153)

A twisted pair Ethernet networking cable capable of transmitting at rates up to 10 Mbps

A fast Ethernet networking cable made up of 4 twisted pairs of wire and capable of transmitting at 100Mbps
The fastest Ethernet networking cable, capable of transmitting at 10Gbps over twisted pairs of wire.
A family of specifications for WLANs developed by IEEE; Currently includes: 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n
(Amplitude Modulation) A technique of placing data on an alternating carrier wave by varying the signals amplitude; this technique
is often in modems.
A network technology based on transferring data in cells or packets of a fixed size at speeds up to 2.488 Gbps
A reduction in the strength of an electrical signal as it travels along a medium
A measurement of how much information can be carried in a given time period over a wired or wireless communication medium
usually measured in bps.
The percentage of bits that have errors in relation to the total number of bits received in a transmission; a measure of the quality of a
communication line.
A specification for short-range RF links between mobile computers, mobile phones, digital cameras and other portable devices.
A special type of network switch that can be configured to allow only specific network traffic through, based on the destination
address.
A type of digital modem that connects to a local cable TV line to provide a continuous connection to the Internet.
A popular Ethernet twisted pair communication cable capable of carrying data rates up to 100Mbps
A standards group involved in the development of the ISO OSI reference model.
Communication cable that consists of a center wire surrounded by insulation and then a grounded foil shield wrapped in steel or
copper braid.
A packet of information used in a connectionless network service that is routed to its destination by using an address included in the
datagrams header.
(Digital Subscriber Line) A method of sending and receiving data over regular phone lines, using a combination of FDM and TDM
A common method of networking computers in a LAN, using copper cabling at speeds up to 100Mbps
(Fiber Distributed Data Interface) A token passing, fiber optic cable protocol with support for data rates up to 100 Mbps; FDDI
networks are typically used as the main lines for WANs.
(Frequency-Division multiplexing) A technique for combining many signals on a single circuit by dividing available transmission
bandwidth by frequency into narrow bands, each used for a separate communication channel.
Guided network cable consisting of bundles of thin glass strands surrounded by a protective plastic sheath
A network device that protects a network by filtering out potentially harmful incoming and out-going traffic.
(Frequency Modulation) A technique of placing data on an alternating carrier wave by varying the signals frequency; this techniques
is often used in modems.
A network component, similar to a bridge that allows connecting networks of different types.
Physical transmission media, such as wire or cable.
A network device that functions as a multiport repeater; signals received on any port are immediately retransmitted to all other on
the hub.
An organization involved in formulating networking standards.
The opposition a transmission medium has toward the flow of alternating electrical currents
The magnetic field around a conductor that opposes changes in current flow
An organization that coordinates worldwide standards development.
A data communication model consisting of seven functional layers.
A network of computers in a single building or in close proximity.
A device that converts binary signals into audio signals for transmission over standard voice-grade telephone lines and converts the
audio signals back into binary.
A circuit board that connects a network medium to the system bus. And converts a computers binary information into a format
suitable for the transmission medium; each NIC has a unique 48-bit address.
A schematic description of the arrangement of a network, including its nodes and connecting lines.
Any addressable device attached to a network that can recognize, process or forward data transmissions.
(Protocol Data Unit) A data communication packet containing protocol information in addition to a data payload.
(Phase Modulation) A technique of placing data on an alternating carrier wave by varying the signals phase; the most common
modulation type in modems.
A set of rules designed to facilitate communication; protocols are heavily used in networking.
A network device used to amplify signals on long cables between nodes.
A network device, similar to a gateway that directs network traffic, based on its logical address
A measure of the quality of a communication channel.
A network repeater with multiple inputs and outputs; each input can be switched to any of the outputs, creating a point-to-point
circuit.

Connecting with Computer Science Chapter 4 Review:

Key Terms: (cont)
T1-LIne: (157)
TDM: (158)
Token Ring: (152)
Transmission Medium: (138)
Twisted Pair: (139)
Unguided Media: (139)
WAN: (149)
WLAN: (149)

A digital transmission link with capacity of 1.544 Mbps; T1 uses two pairs of normal twisted wires, the same used in most homes.
(Time Division Multiplexing) A technique for combining many signals on a single circuit by allocating each signal on a single circuit by
allocating each signal a fixed amount of time but allowing each signal the full bandwidth during an allotted time.
A LAN technology that has stations wired in a ring, in which each station constantly passes a special message token on to the next;
whichever station has the token can send a message.
A material with the capability to conduct electrical and/or electromagnetic signals.
A pair of insulated wires twisted together and used as a transmission medium in networking.
Transmission media that you cannot see, such as air or space, that carry radio or light signals.
A network in which computer devices are physically distant from each other, typically spanning cities, states or even continents.
A local network that uses wireless transmission instead of wires; the IEEE 802.11 protocol family is often used in WLANs.

Connecting with Computer Science Chapter 4 Review:

Test yourself:
1.) What are 2 types of transmission media?
2 types of transmission media are: Guided and Un-guided media.
2.) What are the four ways to rate transmission media?
The 4 ways to rate transmission media are:

Band Width.
Signal-to-noise ratio.
Bit error rate.
Attenuation.

3.) What are the 2 basic copper wire formats?

The 2 basic copper wire formats are:
Twisted pair.
Coaxial.
4.) What is the maximum frequency of Cat 5 cable?
The maximum frequency of Cat 5 cable is: 100MHz.
5.) What are examples of networking protocols?
Examples of networking protocols are:
HTTP protocol.
FTP protocol.
6.) How many layers are there in the OSI model?
There 7 layers in the OSI model.
7.) What is WAN?
WAN stands for Wide Area network. It allows for computers to connect internationally.
8.) What are the 3 LAN topologies?

Three LAN topologies are:

Bus.
Ring.
Star.

9.) Which of the 3 LAN topologies has emerged as the most popular?

With the advent of the internet; The Star topology has increased in popularity.

10.) What is a NIC?

A circuit board that connects a network medium to the system bus. And converts a computers
binary information into a format suitable for the transmission medium; each NIC has a unique 48-bit
address.

11.) Which network device can interpret and translate different network protocols?
Routers.
12.) What is the difference between a hub and a switch?
The difference between a switch and a hub is:
Switch: Not all the inputs and outputs are connected. Instead, the switch examines the inputs
packet header and switches a point-to-point connection to the output addressed by the packet.
Hub: All the inputs and outputs are connected.
13.) Which network device is designed to prevent damage to an inside network from an outside source?
Firewall.
14.) What frequency range are voice-grade telephone lines designed to carry?
The frequency range voice-grade telephone lines carry are designed to carry are: 300 to 3300Hz.
15.) What is the speed range for DSL?
The speed range for DSL is: 256 Kbps to 1.5Mbps.
16.) What is bandwidth?
A measurement of how much information can be carried in a given time period over a wired or
wireless communication medium usually measured in bps.
17.) How does a WLAN differ from a LAN?
WLAN differs from LAN in that WLAN is a wireless topology that spans continents as opposed to
being confined to one building, structure or area.
18.) What is the difference between AM and FM?
The difference between AM and FM are as follows:
AM: (Amplitude Modulation) A technique of placing data on an alternating carrier wave by
varying the signals amplitude; this technique is often in modems.
FM: (Frequency Modulation) A technique of placing data on an alternating carrier wave by
varying the signals frequency; this techniques is often used in modems.
19.) How many standard voice lines are equivalent to a T1 line?
There are: 28 standard voice lines on a T1 line.
20.) Which type of multiplexing combines signals on a circuit by dividing available transmission bandwidth
into narrow bands?
FDM: (Frequency Division Multiplexing) combines signals on a circuit by dividing available
transmission bandwidth into narrow bands.

Connecting with Computer Science Chapter 4 Review:

Practice Exercises
1.) Which is a better signal-to-noise ratio?
A. High.
2.) Fiber-optic cable is made of:
A. Glass.
3.) Which is a faster networking cable?
B. 100BaseT.
4.) Which of the following standards IS USED in wireless networking?
C. 802.11
5.) Which of the following IS NOT one of the OSI model layers?
B. Wireless
6.) Which of the OSI layers is responsible for guaranteed delivery of data?
C. Data-Link
7.) Which of the OSI layers is involved with a networks electrical specifications?
A. Physical
8.) Which of the following is a LAN topology?
C. Star
9.) A hub has a single input and single output.
B. False
10.) Normal speeds of a cable modem are approximately:
B. 1 Mbps
11.) DSL speeds range from:
A. 256 Kbps to 1.5 Mbps
12.) Standard voice-grade lines are designed to carry frequencies in the range of:
D. 300 Hz to 3300 Hz
13.) Modems convert binary digits into sounds by modulating tones.
A. True.
14.) Which of the following is not a network device?
C. Ramp
15.) Which of the following is used to connect a computer to a network?
B. NIC

16.) What factors reduce the strength of an electrical signal as it travels along a transmission medium?
D. Attenuation
17.) Which of the following is the most commonly used twisted pair cable category?
B. Cat 5
18.) Which type of guided medium is the least susceptible to attenuation and inductance?
C. Fiber-optic cable
19.) Which topology has become more popular with the advent of the Internet and home networking?
B. Star
20.) DSL is a combination of what two types of multiplexing?
A. FDM and TDM