A)

B)
C)
D)

1.Through direct experience with animals, we come to anticipate that dogs will bark and
that birds will chirp. This best illustrates
the law of effect.
spontaneous recovery.
respondent behavior.
associative learning.

A)
B)
C)
D)

2.John B. Watson believed that psychology should be the science of

observable behavior.
cognitive processes.
genetic predispositions.
all of these factors.

A)
B)
C)
D)

3.Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly
brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person was a(n)
primary reinforcer.
unconditional stimulus.
immediate reinforcer.
conditioned stimulus.

A)
B)
C)
D)

4.Blinking in response to a puff of air directed to your eye is a

UR.
US.
CR.
CS.

A)
B)
C)
D)

5.Conditioning seldom occurs when a ________ comes after a(n) _____.

CS; US
UR; CS
secondary reinforcer; operant behavior
negative reinforcer; operant behavior

A)
B)
C)
D)

6.Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished, Marcy experienced an
unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin's new cocker spaniel. Her
unexpected nervousness best illustrates
latent learning.
spontaneous recovery.
delayed reinforcement.
shaping.
7.A year after surviving a classroom shooting incident, Angie still responds with terror at
the sight of toy guns and to the sound of balloons popping. This reaction best illustrates
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A)
B)
C)
D)

an unconditioned response.
operant conditioning.
latent learning.
generalization.

A)
B)
C)
D)

8.The law of effect was most clearly highlighted by

Pavlov's studies of conditioned salivation.
Garcia and Koelling's research on taste aversion.
Skinner's experiments on reinforcement.
Watson and Rayner's findings on fear conditioning.

A)
B)
C)
D)

9.In teaching her son to play basketball, Mrs. Richards initially reinforces him with praise
for simply dribbling while standing still, then only for walking while dribbling, and
finally only for running while dribbling. She is using a procedure known as
generalization.
partial reinforcement.
spontaneous recovery.
shaping.

A)
B)
C)
D)

10.If the onset of a light reliably signals the onset of food, a rat in a Skinner box will work to
turn on the light. In this case, the light is a ________ reinforcer.
partial
primary
conditioned
delayed

A)
B)
C)
D)

11.Airline frequent flyer programs that reward customers with a free flight after every
50,000 miles of travel illustrate the use of a ________ schedule of reinforcement.
fixed-interval
variable-interval
fixed-ratio
variable-ratio

A)
B)
C)
D)

12.Punishment ________ the rate of operant responding, and negative reinforcement

________ the rate of operant responding.
increases; decreases
decreases; increases
decreases; decreases
has no effect on; has no effect on

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A)
B)
C)
D)

13.An organism's ability to mentally anticipate that a US will follow a CS is most likely to
be highlighted by a(n) ________ perspective.
evolutionary
behaviorist
cognitive
neuroscience

A)
B)
C)
D)

14.If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward, the first
chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle. This best illustrates
operant conditioning.
observational learning.
respondent behavior.
spontaneous recovery.

A)
B)
C)
D)

15.An empathic husband who sees his wife in pain will exhibit some of the same brain
activity she is showing. According to many researchers, this best illustrates the
functioning of
cognitive maps.
spontaneous recovery.
mirror neurons.
extrinsic motivation.

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Answer Key
1.D
2.A
3.D
4.A
5.A
6.B
7.D
8.C
9.D
10.C
11.C
12.B
13.C
14.B
15.C

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