Ierdd PDF

INSTANT EXPERT:
RoadwayRoadway-Data
Processing
5901 Peachtree-Dunwoody Road N.E.

Suite A-300
Atlanta, GA 30328-5548
(770) 396-0700 (800) 235-4972
FAX (770) 396-4290
www.trimble.com
Terramodel 9.8 Instant Expert: Roadway-Data Processing

4th Edition, Terramodel Release 9.8, December 2000
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Contents
Foreword .......................................................................................................5
OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................5
FILES FOR THIS GUIDE............................................................................................................5
Creating a Roadway Alignment....................................................................7

OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................7
STEP 1: OPEN AND RENAME THE PROJECT FILE ......................................................................7
STEP 2: ENTER ALIGNMENT DATA .........................................................................................9
The Beginning Point ..........................................................................................................9
Entering Lines and Curves ...............................................................................................10
Other Ways of Entering an Alignment..............................................................................13
STEP 3: STATION THE ALIGNMENT .......................................................................................13
STEP 4: NAME THE ALIGNMENT ...........................................................................................14
STEP 5: GENERATE AN ALIGNMENT REPORT .........................................................................14
STEP 6: LABEL THE ALIGNMENT ...........................................................................................15
Importing and Using Digital Data ..............................................................17

OVERVIEW ..........................................................................................................................17
STEP 1: IMPORT EXISTING ROADWAY DATA .........................................................................17
STEP 2: MODEL THE EXISTING DATA ...................................................................................17
STEP 3: IDENTIFY STATIONS AND OFFSETS ...........................................................................22
STEP 4: IMPORT FINISHED ROADWAY DATA .........................................................................23
STEP 5: MODEL THE FINISHED DATA ...................................................................................23
STEP 6: CALCULATE EARTHWORK VOLUMES ........................................................................27
Working With ..............................................................................................29

Cross-Section Data .....................................................................................29
OVERVIEW ..........................................................................................................................29
STEP 1: REGISTER ALIGNMENT .............................................................................................29
STEP 2: GENERATE CROSS-SECTIONS ...................................................................................32
STEP 3: CALCULATE EARTHWORK VOLUMES ........................................................................34
STEP 4: CREATE A CENTERLINE PROFILE...............................................................................36
Adjusting Surfaces ........................................................................................39

OVERVIEW ..........................................................................................................................39
STEP 1: CREATE A SUBGRADE TEMPLATE ..............................................................................39
STEP 2: DEFINE WIDTH TRANSITIONS ..................................................................................41
STEP 3: RECALCULATE VOLUMES .........................................................................................42
STEP 4: EDIT TIE SLOPES .....................................................................................................43
Plotting Cross-Sections and Plan Sheets ......................................................47

OVERVIEW ..........................................................................................................................47
STEP 1: PLOT CROSS-SECTIONS ...........................................................................................47
STEP 2: PLOT PLAN AND PROFILE SHEETS ............................................................................49
STEP 3: PAGE THROUGH THE PLAN SET ...............................................................................51
STEP 4: SEND SHEETS TO A PLOTTER....................................................................................52
Instant Expert: Roadway-Data Processing
Table of Contents
Trimble
Foreword
Overview
This guide is intended to help you learn how to use Terramodel for roadway projects. It
assumes that you have already installed and started Terramodel, and that you are
generally familiar with the capabilities of the software. Prior to using this guide, you
should have already gone through the Getting Started document, which provides an
overview of Terramodel. This guide focuses on applying Terramodel on a representative
roadway project, emphasizing data processing and surveying applications. For more
information on capabilities of the product, refer to the Terramodel Users Guide and the
online help system.
The figures in this guide are shown in a Windows 95 environment. If you are using
another version of Windows, you may find that some screen displays have a slightly
different appearance than those shown in this guide.
Files for this Guide

All files for the Instant Expert: Roadway-Data Processing guide are located in the
EXPERT directory on the Terramodel CD. The three numbers before the extension in
each file name tell you the chapter and step where the file will be used. For example, the
IERDD101.PRO file is used in chapter 1, step 1.
Files included for this guide are:
IERDD101.PRO
IERDD103.PRO
IERDD106.PRO
IERDD201.PRO
IERDD202.PRO
IERDD203.PRO
IERDD204.PRO
IERDD205.PRO
IERDD206.PRO
IERDD301.PRO
IERDD302.PRO
IERDD303.PRO
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IERDD304.PRO
IERDD401.PRO
IERDD402.PRO
IERDD403.PRO
IERDD404.PRO
IERDD501.PRO
IERDD502.PRO
IERDD503.PRO
IERDD504.PRO
IERDD201.PTS
IERDD202.MAP
IERDD204.MAP
IERDD204.PTS
While you need only one project file (IERDD101.PRO) to completely work through this
guide, for each major step, we have included a project file that is complete up to the end
of the previous major step. These additional files allow you to start at any major step if
you already know how to use the techniques described in previous steps. You can use
these files to check your work. You can also use these files to move on to the next major
step if you make a mistake, without having to completely start over.
For Best Results

Copy the project files for this guide to your hard disk. Although you can open project files
directly from the folder on the CD-ROM disk, you will find it easier to work with files on
your hard disk.
To copy the project files:

1.
From the Windows Desktop, open the TRIMBLE folder on your hard disk.
2.
Create a new folder named EXPERT.
Copy all of the files listed for this guide from the EXPERT folder on the CD-ROM disk
to the EXPERT folder on your hard disk.
Foreword
Creating a Roadway
Alignment
Overview
This chapter shows you how to create a roadway alignment using Terramodels
coordinate geometry (COGO) commands. It also demonstrates how to station and label
the alignment, and how to generate an alignment report.
Step 1: Open and Rename the Project File

Before you can start entering data for your project, you must either create a new project
file or open an existing file in which your data will be stored. For this guide, you will
open an existing file which contains no data and is provided on the CD. You can rename
this file with a name of your choice to avoid confusion with the file on the CD.
1.
Click the File menu. Click Open Project. Terramodel displays the Open file dialog
box (Figure 1-1).
Figure 1-1: Open file Dialog Box
2.
Navigate to the EXPERT folder in the TRIMBLE folder on your hard disk.
If you cannot find this folder, copy the listed files using the steps described in the
Foreword under For Best Results.
3.
Click IERDD101 to select this file.
4.
Click Open to open the project.
5.
Click the File menu, and click Save Project As. The Save Project As dialog box
appears.
Figure 1-2: Save Project As Dialog Box
6.
Type a new name in the File Name box, and click Save to save the file on your hard
drive.
Chapter 1: Creating a Roadway Alignment
Trimble
Step 2: Enter Alignment Data

On most roadway projects, you need to define an alignment that describes the location of
the roadusually by its centerline. In the following example, you will learn how to
create an alignment by using Terramodels coordinate geometry (COGO) commands.
You can also import data from other sources, as described in Chapter 3.
The Beginning Point

Terramodel provides a variety of ways to enter roadway alignment data. You can draw
alignment elements graphically on screen, type in coordinate data manually, or use a
combination of methods with various COGO commands. To begin entering alignment
data:
1.
With Terramodel running, make sure the current layer displayed in the upper left
portion of the screen is ROAD-CL.
2.
Click the Draw menu, and select Point. From the pull-down menu that appears,
select Point again. The Point command bar appears, as shown in Figure 1-3.
Figure 1-3: Point Command Bar
3.
In the Loc box, type in 9896.12, 9930.92 as the Northing and Easting. This point
represents the beginning of the project, so in the Name box, type BOP.
4.
Click the Point button to place the point. Click the Close button to exit the Point
command.
5.
Click the View menu, and select All. The beginning point is displayed, as shown in
the Figure 1-4.
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Figure 1-4: Beginning Point of Alignment
Entering Lines and Curves

With a beginning point established, you can proceed to enter line segments and curves
that define your alignment.
1.
Click Cogo, and select Traverse. The Traverse command bar appears.
Figure 1-5: Traverse Command Bar
2.
Make sure the Horizontal Distance mode is selected. Click the newly created point
(Point 1, the BOP) to define the setup point. The Traverse Options command bar
appears.
Figure 1-6: Traverse Options Command Bar
3.
Click the down arrow at the left side of the command bar, and select Bearing2d as
the option. This enables you to define the first segment of the alignment by its
bearing and horizontal distance. Then type in the bearing of S712715E (omitting
the symbols for degrees, minutes, and seconds) and the distance of 606.621 as shown
in Figure 1-6. Press ENTER, and the first line segment appears.
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4.
The next segment of the alignment is a curve. Click the down arrow again, and select
the PC option to define the point of curvature (PC). The command bar changes to
enable definition of a curve.
Figure 1-7: Traverse Curve Options Command Bar
5.
Click the PC/PI/PT button, and the Arc Input Properties dialog box appears. This
dialog box creates an arc if you provide just two known arc properties.
Figure 1-8: Arc Input Properties Dialog Box
6.
Type in a radius of 300 and an arc length of 116.427. Click the Right option button
for the curve direction, and click OK.
7.
Click the View menu, and select All. The first line segment and the first curve are
displayed, as shown in the Figure 1-9.
Figure 1-9: Display of First Line and Curve
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8.
Click the down arrow in the command bar again, and select Bearing2d as the option.
Note that the bearing of S491306E is already displayed since it is the forward
bearing defined by the curve you just entered. Type in the horizontal distance of
573.821, and press ENTER.
9.
Now select the PC option again, and click the PC/PI/PT button. Enter a radius of
195.376, a tangent length of 95.321, and click the Left curve direction button. Click
OK.
10. Click the down arrow in the command bar again, and select Bearing2d as the option.
Note that the bearing of N784604E is already displayed. Type in the horizontal
distance of 428.75, and press ENTER.
11. Select the PC option again, and click the PC/PI/PT button. Type in a radius of 300,
a delta of 212452 (omitting the symbols for degrees, minutes, and seconds), and
click the Left curve direction button.
12. To enter the final segment of the alignment, click the down arrow in the command
bar again, and select Bearing2d as the option. The bearing of N572112E is
already displayed. Type in the horizontal distance of 488.951, and press ENTER.
13. Click the Close button in the command bar, and click Cancel.
14. Click the View menu, and select All. The entire alignment is displayed, as shown in
Figure 1-10.
Figure 1-10: Completed Alignment
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13
Other Ways of Entering an Alignment

You have just created an alignment using various forms of Terramodels Traverse
command. While this is convenient when you have all of the alignment elements defined
ahead of time, occasionally you will want to edit or create a pline or set in plan view.
The SegEdit command allows you to do just thatusing a spreadsheet-like interface in
which you can specify the geometry of each individual line segment. To use the SegEdit
command, click the Cogo menu, and select Streets and SegEdit. For more information
on using the SegEdit command, refer to the on-line help system found by either pressing
the [f1] key or by clicking on the Help menu.
Step 3: Station the Alignment

After you have entered all the elements of a roadway alignment, you can station the
alignment. Stationing establishes a system for locating a point along the alignment based
on the horizontal distance from a known beginning point.
NOTE: If you are starting this tutorial at this point, open the IERDD103.PRO file. Save
the file to a new name, then continue these instructions.
1.
Click the Settings menu, and select Active Alignment. The Active Alignment
command bar appears.
Figure 1-11: Active Alignment Command Bar
2.
Click anywhere on the alignment. The alignment you just entered is now the active
alignment. It will be used as the default for any subsequent commands that require
you to select an alignment.
3.
Click the Edit menu, and select Station. The Station command bar appears.
Figure 1-12: Station Command Bar
4.
Type in 1500 in the Beginning Station edit box to assign a beginning station of
15+00, and press ENTER.
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Step 4: Name the Alignment

Now that the alignment is stationed, lets assign a name to the alignment.
1.
Click the Modify menu, and select Name. The Name command bar appears.
Figure 1-13: Name Command Bar
2.
Click anywhere on the alignment. Type Mainline in the New Name box, and click
OK.
3.
Press the spacebar to repeat the Modify Name command. (The spacebar can be
pressed to repeat any Terramodel command.) Click the end point of the alignment,
and type in EOP (end of project) in the New Name box. Click OK.
Step 5: Generate an Alignment Report

You can generate an alignment report to review and document the various elements of an
alignment. The reports are displayed within the report editor, where they can be modified
or printed to a file or printer.
1.
Click the Reports menu, and select User defined. The Reports command bar
appears.
Figure 1-14: Reports Command Bar
2.
Make sure Alignment is listed as the Report option. Then click the term Record in
the Objects box, and click anywhere on the alignment. The entire alignment should
have a ghosted appearance.
3.
Click OK. An alignment report is displayed, as shown in Figure 1-15.
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Figure 1-15: Alignment Report
4.
If you wish to print the alignment report, click the File menu, and select Print.
5.
To close the P3 Pad, click File and Close.
Step 6: Label the Alignment

Terramodel provides timesaving tools for automatically labeling various alignment
elements, such as stations, tick marks, and curve data. To label the mainline alignment at
this stage of a project, you use the Draft menu commands.
1.
Click the Draft menu, and select Label HAL. The Label Road HAL command bar
appears.
Figure 1-16: Label Road HAL Command Bar
2.
Click the Settings button to display the Horizontal Alignment Labeling dialog box.
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Figure 1-17: Horizontal Alignment Labeling
This dialog box allows you to customize your HAL labels by defining which layer
will contain the labels, as well as dimension and spacing of labels. You can also size
and position minor ticks on the alignment, select text styles, customize curve tables,
and select various other settings. More information on this dialog box can be found
in the online help system. For now, click OK to close the dialog box.
3.
Click the Label button in the command bar, and click anywhere on the alignment.
The record number of the alignment, along with the beginning and ending stations, is
displayed. Click OK. The alignment elements are automatically labeled. Click the
Close button in the command bar.
4.
Click the View menu, and select Zoom to zoom in on the second curve. You should
see a display similar to Figure 1-18.
Figure 1-18: Labeled Alignment
Trimble
Importing and Using

Digital Data
Overview
This chapter shows you how to import data from other sources, such as files created by
survey data collectors. You will learn how to import both existing and finished survey
data, create digital terrain models (DTMs) from the data, and calculate earthwork
volumes by comparing the existing and finished surfaces.
Step 1: Import Existing Roadway Data

Terramodel allows you to directly import both existing and proposed roadway data and
use the information just like you would use data generated within Terramodel. The first
task is to import the existing data from an external file, such as that generated by a survey
data collector.
1.
Click the L Set button, and click the ROAD-PLAN LABELS layer. Click the Visible
box to turn off this layer, and click OK.
2.
Click the down arrow next to the layer selection box, and select ROAD-TOPO as the
current layer.
3.
Click the File menu. Click Download/Import and then Asciipts_i. The Points
source file dialog box opens.
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18
Figure 2-1: Points source file Dialog Box
4.
Click the File(s) Browse button and select the file IERDD201.PTS in the
TRIMBLE\EXPERT folder. Click Next and the View file contents dialog box opens.
Figure 2-2: View file contents Dialog Box
5.
Enter the data order as N E Z D. Each letter must be separated by a space or comma.
A file contents list box displays and lets you scroll through the points file to
determine its format. Note that this script will import files that use spaces or commas
to separate the values. Click Next and the Point settings dialog box opens.
6.
Set the Point layer to ROAD-TOPO. Click Next and the Point descriptor expansion
dialog box opens. Click Next and the Import summary dialog box opens.
7.
Click Import to import the points. A second Import summary dialog box opens.
8.
Click Finish. The Terramodel display automatically updates to show all of the
visible objects.
Chapter 2: Importing and Using Digital Data
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This particular file lists the easting, a space, northing, a space, and elevation for a single
point on each line. Some points interspersed throughout the file also have a name after the
elevation. Because the file doesnt contain point numbers, we can have Terramodel
automatically assign point numbers.
An import script simplifies the process of importing data. In addition to the options
shown in this example the following options can be controlled by editing the script:
The Point layer.
A starting point ID (number).
A limiting boundary, where only points within the boundary are imported.
A coordinate shift.
A point ID (number) shift.
Step 2: Model the Existing Data

Once you have imported existing data, you can generate contours and perform other
modeling tasks. Lets create breaklines and generate contours for the data just imported.
1.
Click the Draft menu, and select Linework from Points. The Map Points command
bar appears.
Figure 2-3: Map Points Dialog Box
2.
Right-click in the graphics area of the screen. For any Terramodel command that
includes selection options, you can display these options by right-clicking in this
manner. From the pop-up menu that appears, click Layer as the selection method.
The term Layer is highlighted in the Points box. Click one of the points imported.
All points on the layer are selected.
3.
Click the Map file button. The Open Line Mapping File dialog box appears.
4.
Navigate to the same directory where you have placed the instant expert project files.
Click the file named IERDD202.MAP, and click Open.
5.
Click the Properties button in the command bar. The Map Points Properties dialog
box appears.
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Figure 2-4: Map Points Properties Dialog Box
6.
Make sure the beginning and ending line-identifying symbols are + and -,
respectively. These symbols are used to generate linework based on survey point
codes, and allow multiple uses of individual point types, like ditches. You can use
any symbols up to 44 characters long, but make sure everyone involved in the project
uses the same symbols throughout. Click the Edit mapfile button, and an editing
window appears.
7.
The current mapfile is displayed using your default text editor. The point names, line
types, layers, and colors to be used are shown as in Figure 2-5. You can edit this
information to meet your project needs. Descriptions of the various mapping
elements are included in Table 2-2.
Figure 2-5: File Editor for Mapping File
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Table 2-2: Mapping File Elements
Category
Description
Point Name
The name assigned to a type of mapping point. An asterisk (*)

represents a wild card character.
Line Type
The line type used to connect the mapping points.
Layer
The layer on which the line will be placed.
Color
The color to be used for the line.
8.
Click the X in the upper-right corner of the File Editor to close the window.
9.
Click OK in the Map Points Properties dialog box. Then click Create in the
command bar.
10. Type All in the command bar. You should then see breaklines displayed, similar to
Figure 2-6.
Figure 2-6: Breaklines Displayed
11. Click DTM and Generate Contours to create the existing contours. The Contour
command bar appears.
Figure 2-7: Contour Command Bar
22
12. Click the down arrow next to the DTM Layer box, select the ROAD-TOPO layer,
and click OK. Click Settings. Make sure the normal contour interval is 2 and that
none option for splining is selected. Click OK in the Settings dialog box. Click OK
in the command bar. Terramodel generates existing contours for the project, as
shown in Figure 2-8.
Figure 2-8: Existing Contours
Step 3: Identify Stations and Offsets

Terramodel provides an easy way to determine the station and offset for any point relative
to a centerline alignment. This feature is useful when you want to locate an object like a
culvert, manhole, or other structure adjacent to your alignment.
1.
Click the L Set button. Make only the following layers visible: ROAD-TOPO,
ROAD-FINAL, ROAD-PIPES, and ROAD-CL. Click OK to close the Layer
Settings dialog box.
2.
Click the View menu, and select Zoom to zoom in on the east end of the alignment
(the right side of the screen). Select a zoom window with lower-left coordinates of
approximately 9300, 11800, and upper-right coordinates of approximately 9700,
12200. Notice the culvert crossing the alignment at approximately station 38+20.
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Figure 2-9: Storm Sewer Crossing
3.
Click the Reports menu, and select Identify Station. Click points at either end of
the culvert. The stations, offsets, and coordinates of the points are displayed in the
message scroll area at the bottom of the screen, demonstrating how easy it is to
obtain this information at any given point.
4.
Click the L Set button, turn all the layers back on, and click OK.
Step 4: Import Finished Roadway Data

You import proposed or finished roadway data just as you do existing data. For this
example, we are working with finished roadway data obtained from a field survey of asbuilt conditions.
1.
Click the L Set button, and make layers ROAD-TOPO_CON and ROADTOPO_ICON invisible. Isolate the ROAD-FINAL layer. This also makes it the
current layer. Click OK to close the Layer Settings dialog box.
2.
Click the File menu. Click Download/Import and then Asciipts_i.
3.
Click the File(s) Browse button and select the file IERDD204.PTS in the
TRIMBLE\EXPERT folder. Click Next and the View file contents dialog box opens
4.
Enter the data order as N E Z D. Each letter must be separated by a space or comma.
A file contents list box displays and lets you scroll through the points file to
determine its format. Note that this script will import files that use spaces or commas
to separate the values. Click Next and the Point settings dialog box opens.
5.
Set the Point layer to ROAD-FINAL. Click Next and the Point descriptor expansion
dialog box opens. Click Next and the Import summary dialog box opens.
24
6.
Click Import to import the points. A second Import summary dialog box opens.
Click Finish. The Terramodel display updates to show all of the visible objects.
Step 5: Model the Finished Data

Once you have imported finished data, you can generate contours and perform other
modeling tasks. Lets create breaklines and generate contours for the data we just
imported.
1.
Click the Draft menu, and select Linework from Points. The Map Points command
bar appears as before.
2.
Right-click in the graphics area of the screen, and select Layer as the selection
method. With the term Layer highlighted in the command bar, click one of the points
imported.
3.
Click the Map file button. The Open line mapping file dialog box appears.
4.
Highlight the file named IERDD205.MAP, and click Open.
5.
Click the Properties button in the command bar. The Map Points Properties dialog
box appears. Make sure the beginning and ending line-identifying symbols are + and
-, respectively. Click OK to close the dialog box. Click Create in the command bar
to display breaklines, as shown in Figure 2-10.
Figure 2-10: Proposed Breaklines Displayed
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6.
Click DTM and DTM Edge to create a boundary around the finished surface. This
prevents link lines from being formed outside of this area. In the DTM Edge
command bar, make sure the DTM layer is ROAD-FINAL. If it is not, click the
down arrow and select it from the list of layers. Click OK in the command bar to
create the boundary.
7.
Click View, and Zoom in on the second curve. You should be able to recognize a
centerline and various roadway features parallel to it, along with an irregular-shaped
line representing the surface boundary.
8.
Click the L Set button and un-isolate the ROAD-FINAL layer. Also make sure
layers ROAD-TOPO_CON and ROAD-TOPO_ICON are not visible. Click OK to
close the Layer Settings dialog box.
9.
Click DTM and Generate Contours to create the finished contours. In the Contour
command bar, click the down arrow next to the DTM Layer box, and select the
ROAD-FINAL layer.
10. Click Settings in the Contour command bar, and make sure the contour interval is 2,
and that Smooth Contours is not checked. Click OK in the Settings dialog box, and
also click OK in the command bar. Terramodel then generates finished contours for
the project.
11. You may notice an area where the contours extend beyond the surveyed boundary
(on the north side of the second curve). In this area, Terramodel interpreted the edge
of the boundary as a straight line between two adjacent sections and created an
unwanted line. Whenever you are modeling projects, you should review areas
around boundaries to look for areas where modeling has occurred outside the limits
of DTM data.
To delete the unwanted segment:
a.
Click Edit.
b.
Click Break.
c.
Click the unwanted line. You may need to zoom in further to make sure you can
select the correct line.
NOTE: In Terramodel, the longest distance between triangle points along the edge
of a DTM is controlled by the link settings. Terramodel uses this value to
trim the edge of the DTM after all of the points have been linked. If the
distance between two edge points is greater than the distance entered here,
the link is deleted. This distance can be set from the Settings menu.
12. Now generate contours again by clicking on the DTM menu, clicking on Generate
Contours, and clicking on OK in the command bar. Terramodel then generates
finished contours within the boundary, as shown in Figure 2-11.
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Figure 2-11: Finished Contours
13. Now check the modeling results by clicking on DTM and Quick Profile. Strike a
cross-section line by picking a point on either side of the roadway. You should then
see a display similar to Figure 2-12.
Figure 2-12: Quick Profile
The quick profile makes it easy to recognize the existing ground, finished roadway,
and the fill slopes connecting them.
14. Click Done to close the dialog box and Cancel to close the command bar.
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Step 6: Calculate Earthwork Volumes

Now that you have imported and modeled both existing and finished data, you can
calculate earthwork volumes between the two surfaces.
1.
Click the DTM menu, and click Volumes from DTM. The Volume command bar
appears.
Figure 2-13: Volume Command Bar
2.
Click the Settings button. In the Volume Settings dialog box that appears, check
Save Computed Isopach. The isopach layer represents the elevation difference
between the existing and proposed surfaces. Click the down arrow by the Isopach
Layer box, and click New. Type in ROAD-ISOPACH as the new layer name, and
click OK. Click OK two more times to close the Layer Selection dialog box and the
Settings dialog box.
3.
Click the DTM button in the command bar. Select ROAD-TOPO as the DTM layer,
and ROAD-FINAL as the final layer. Click OK. Terramodel then calculates
volumes and generates a report like Figure 2-13.
Figure 2-14: Volume Report
28
Trimble
Working With
Cross-Section Data
Overview
This chapter shows you how to generate cross-sections and create a centerline profile for
a roadway project. You will also recalculate earthwork volumes using the average-endarea method.
Step 1: Register Alignment

Before we continue working with the imported data, we need to save some settings that
enable us to better manage the data. Specifically, we need to register the alignment so it
can be recalled for subsequent roadway functions, and define some settings for the
surfaces of our project.
1.
Click Roads, and select Alignments. From the pull-down menu that appears, select
HAL Manager. The Horizontal Alignment (HAL) Manager appears.
29
30
Figure 3-1: Horizontal Alignment Manager
2.
Click New Alignment, and click anywhere on the alignment. (You may need to
zoom in on the alignment first to make sure you select the correct line.) The
Horizontal Alignment command bar appears, with the name already listed.
Figure 3-2: Horizontal Alignment Command Bar
3.
Click Create. The Horizontal Alignment Manager again appears, this time with the
alignment name listed. Click Close.
4.
Click Roads, and select Road Design. From the pull-down menu that appears, select
Road Job Manager. The Road Job Manager dialog box appears, with RoadwaySurvey displayed as the job name.
Figure 3-3: Road Job Manager

Chapter 3: Working With Cross-Section Data
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31
5.
Click the down arrow next to the Main Horizontal Alignment box, and click
Mainline.
6.
Click the Surfaces button. The Surface Manager dialog box appears.
Figure 3-4: Surfaces Manager Dialog Box
7.
The Material list box indicates the type of material of which the highlighted surface is
composed. The middle section of the dialog box includes properties of various
surfaces you have created in the road job. The Flag option buttons and check boxes
define how Terramodel uses the elevation values on a surface. Flag descriptions are
shown in Table 3-1. For this example, make sure the Elevation button is selected,
and the Slice box is checked. Click Close when you have confirmed your settings.
Table 3-1: Surface Manager Flags
Flag
Meaning
Elevation
Elevation values stored on this surface are absolute elevations.
Depth
Elevation values stored on the surface are depth measurements relative

to the top surface, as opposed to absolute elevations.
Slice
The DTM contained on this surfaces associated layer will be sliced to

generate the surfaces cross-sectional data.
Reference
The highlighted surface is a reference surface, or a surface that you wish

to see in the cross-sections, but which you do not wish to have used in
any design calculations.
In the preceding steps, no vertical alignment (VAL) has been assigned. This example has
been set up to resemble an as-built survey project, where the vertical data is based on
actual field measurements instead of a computed profile. If you use Terramodel for
design purposes, you would create a vertical alignment using the Draw menu commands
and register the VAL much like you register the HAL. For more information, refer to the
Terramodel Users Guide and the Terramodel Training Guide.
32
Step 2: Generate Cross-Sections

Generating cross-sections is easy with Terramodel. You can automatically generate
cross-sections at any interval you like and supplement additional at key points like PCs
and PTs of curves.
1.
Click the L Set button. In the Layer Settings dialog box that appears, turn off the
ROAD-ISOPACH, ROAD-FINAL_CON, and ROAD-FINAL_ICON layers. Click
OK to close the dialog box.
2.
Click the Roads menu. Select Road Design and Road Job Manager to select the
horizontal alignment to use for generating cross-sections. Make sure that Mainline is
the Main Horizontal Alignment listed. Click the Close button to close the Road Job
Manager.
3.
Click the Road menu. Select Road Design and Road xLines to generate the crosssection locations. The RDXLines command bar appears.
Figure 3-5: RDXLines Command Bar
4.
Click the Xline button. The Xlines command bar appears, displaying the default
cross-section lengths left and right of centerline.
Figure 3-6: XLines Command Bar
5.
Click the down arrow next to the Type box, and select Interval. The command bar
changes to display the beginning and ending stations of cross-sections and the crosssection interval.
Figure 3-7: XLines Interval Command Bar
6.
Click the Xline button. Terramodel generates a series of cross-section lines at 50foot intervals, as shown in Figure 3-8.
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33
Figure 3-8: Cross-Section Lines
7.
Click the down arrow again, and select HAL Pts as the type to generate additional
cross-sections at key alignment points like PCs and PTs. Click Xline to generate
these cross-sections, and click the Close button in the command bar when you are
finished.
8.
To look at the cross-sections, click the Roads menu. Select Road Design and
Xsection Manager. The Cross-Section Manager dialog box appears, displaying a
list of the generated cross-sections.
Figure 3-9: Cross-Section Manager Dialog Box
9.
Click the Edit button, and the first cross-section is displayed in the Xsection Editor.
Click the maximize button in the menu bar to increase the size of the Editor window.
34
Figure 3-10: Cross-Section Editor
10. Click the Xsection File menu, and select Fly Thru. Set the time interval at 50 onehundredths of a second, and click OK. The cross-sections are then displayed in
sequence, giving you a drive-through feel for how the roadway will look.
11. To close the Cross-Section Editor, click the X-Section File menu, and select Exit.
12. Close the Cross-Section Manager by clicking on the Close button.
Step 3: Calculate Earthwork Volumes

In the last chapter, you calculated earthwork volumes between the existing surface model
with the finished surface model. Lets now use another methodthe average-end-area
methodto calculate earthwork volumes. This method is commonly used on roadway
projects where cut and fill quantities are based on cross-sections that can be field verified.
1.
Click the Roads menu. Select Reports and Earthwork. The Earthwork Report
dialog box appears.
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35
Figure 3-11: Earthwork Report Dialog Box
2.
Make sure the Surfaces check box for Shrink/Swell factors has a check mark in it,
and click the Report button. Terramodel generates a report like Figure 3-12.
Figure 3-12: Volume Report
3.
You may want to change your printer orientation to landscape mode for this report.
Click the File menu in the P3 Pad, and select Printer Setup. In the dialog box that
appears, select Landscape, and click OK.
4.
Scroll down to the bottom of the report using the down arrow button at the lower
right corner of the window. You should see a summary showing approximately
39,100 cubic yards of fill and 20,100 cubic yards of cut. These values are each
36
within approximately 2 percent of the values determined in the previous chapter
using the Volumes from DTM command. Since the Volumes from DTM command
uses all DTM data points and not just interpolated data at a set cross-section interval,
it is generally more accurate than the cross-section method. If you decrease the
cross-section interval from 50 feet to 25 feet or less, the values of the cross-section
method will agree more closely with those of the Volumes from DTM command.
Note that both methods are limited to the accuracy of the data collected and the
assumption that the ground makes a flat, linear transition between data points.
Step 4: Create a Centerline Profile

With all of your existing and finished data imported, you can create a centerline profile
showing the various surfaces.
1.
Click the DTM menu, and select Create Profile. Make sure ROAD-PROFILE is
the DTM layer, and click OK.
2.
Click the View menu, and select New View. The New View command bar appears.
Click the Profile button in the command bar.
3.
Click the Window menu, and select Tile Horizontal. In the command bar, type A
A (two As separated by a space), and press ENTER. This runs the ALL command for
all views.
4.
Click the Reports menu, and select Identify Station. Place the cross-hairs in the
plan view portion of the screen, and notice how a corresponding line appears in the
profile view. Click Close in the command bar when you are finished.
5.
Generate a 3-D view of the finished surface by clicking on DTM, and selecting 3D
Visualizer. This command launches the 3D Visualizer with the selected points from
Terramodel. Make sure ROAD-FINAL is the DTM layer, select all of the points on
the DTM layer, and click OK. A 3-D view of the surface is generated, as shown in
Figure 3-13.
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37
Figure 3-13: 3-D View of Finished Surface
6.
From the Navigation menu click Rotating Mode.
7.
In the environment window, click and drag with the mouse. As you move the mouse
right, left, up, and down, the project follows, always turning on its center.
8.
To move in closer to the project, press the Insert key. Press the Delete key to move
out again. The 3D Visualizer Help lists other keyboard and movement controls.
9.
From the File menu click Exit to close the 3D Visualizer and return to the
Terramodel window.
38
Trimble
Adjusting Surfaces
Overview
On most roadway projects, you need to identify more than just an existing surface and a
finished surface. You may need to determine subgrade elevations based on specified
thicknesses of pavement and other materials. You may also need to define width
transitions where the roadway width is changing. At certain cross-sections, you may need
to manually adjust side slopes to meet field conditions. Terramodel provides a variety of
ways to make these and other adjustments to surfaces.
This chapter shows you how to make various adjustments to finished surfaces, such as
creating layers for various roadbed materials, creating separate alignments for roadway
edges, and calculating volumes for various materials. It also shows you how to manually
adjust side slopes for individual cross-sections.
Step 1: Create a Subgrade Template

To help you define a subgrade surface, Terramodel allows you to create subgrade
templates, or patterns that can be reused on several projects.
1.
Click the Roads menu. Select Road Design and Subgrade Manager. The
Subgrade Template Manager dialog box appears.
2.
In the dialog box, click New. The New Template dialog box appears.
39
40
Figure 4-1: New Template Dialog Box
3.
Select the settings shown in Figure 4-1, and click OK. Because no VAL has been
assigned for this project, a message appears stating that the roadway alignment is
missing a valid record. Simply click OK in this message box, and the Subgrade
Editor appears.
Figure 4-2: Subgrade Editor
4.
The settings shown in Figure 4-2 define the location and type of subgrade. Confirm
that your settings match those shown in the figure and described below.
Chapter 4: Adjusting Surfaces
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41
a.
The Shape list box contains the names of available shapes within the selected
shape class. Highlight 12 Asphalt to define a 12-foot width on either side of
centerline.
b.
The Subgrade Material box lets you specify the material for the selected new
shape by selecting from the list of currently defined materials. Select Asphalt for
this project.
c.
The Locate By control ties the horizontal location to the HAL.
d.
The Depth value lets you specify the depth of the subgrade shapein this case 8
inches or 0.67 ft.
e.
The Parallel check box allows you to designate that the new subgrade shape is
to be placed parallel to the surface, at the designated depth, and with the crossslope of the finished surface.
When you have selected all of the settings shown, click the Insert button.
5.
Scroll through the cross-sections using the horizontal scroll bar immediately above
the graphics area of the screen. A 24-foot-wide pavement section (12 feet either side
of centerline) can be seen on the cross-sections. You may notice that this does not
correspond to the top finished surface, which transitions from 24 feet to 48 feet. To
make the pavement section undergo a similar width transition, we need to define
alignments for the pavement edges.
6.
Click the X in the upper right corner of the Subgrade Editor to exit. When asked if
you want to save the template changes, click Yes. Exit the Subgrade Manager in the
same way.
Step 2: Define Width Transitions

As you just saw, we need to make sure the width transitions at either end of the project are
reflected in the pavement section. To accomplish this, we will return to the HAL
Manager and define alignments along each pavement edge.
1.
Click the L Set button, and isolate the ROAD-FINAL layer. Click OK to close the
Layer Settings dialog box.
2.
Click the View menu. Zoom in on the west end of the project (the left side of the
screen).
3.
Click the Roads menu, and select Alignments and HAL Manager. Click the New
Alignment button. The Horizontal Alignment command bar appears.
Figure 4-3: Horizontal Alignment Command Bar
42
4.
Click the left pavement edge line (the magenta line approximately 12 feet left of
centerline), and LEP appears in the Name box. This is the breakline defining the left
pavement edge. Click the Create button.
5.
Click New Alignment again, and repeat the previous step for the right pavement
edge. Click the Close button to close the HAL manager
6.
Click Roads. Select Road Design and Subgrade Editor. Click the Transition
menu, and select Left Transition and 3D Set. The 3D Set Transition dialog box
appears.
Figure 4-4: 3D Set Transition Dialog Box
7.
Select LEP as the alignment, and click OK.
8.
Repeat steps 7 and 8 for the right side, using REP as the alignment. Click the
Subgrade File menu, and select Exit to close the Subgrade Editor window.
9.
Now scroll through the cross-sections again by clicking on Roads, Road Design, and
Xsection Editor, and using the scroll bar. The width transitions from 24 to 48 feet
and back to 24 feet again at the east end of the project.
Step 3: Recalculate Volumes

With a subgrade template and width transitions defined, lets recalculate earthwork
volumes. You do this by generating a report much like you did before.
1.
Click the Roads menu. Select Reports and Earthwork.
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43
2.
In the Earthwork Report dialog box, make sure the boxes for Surfaces and
Subgrade are checked for both the Volume and Shrink/Swell categories. Also
check Totals Only in the Volumes category. Click Report, and a report similar to
Figure 4-5 is displayed.
Figure 4-5: Volume Report Reflecting Subgrade Adjustments
Note the change in cut and fill volumes versus those obtained in Chapter 3. Because the
asphalt material now comprises part of the roadbed, both cut and fill quantities are
affected by the subgrade adjustments.
Step 4: Edit Tie Slopes

Occasionally you need to manually edit side slopes, also called tie slopes, for individual
cross-sections. Terramodel provides a convenient way to do this in the Cross-Section
Editor.
1.
Click the Roads menu. Select Road Design and Xsection Editor. The Xsection
Editor dialog box appears.
44
Figure 4-6: Cross-Section Editor Dialog Box
2.
Use the scroll bar to advance to station 20+00. Change the Surface to ROADFINAL. Click the Settings menu of the Cross-Section Editor, and select Design.
The Road Design Settings dialog box appears.
Figure 4-7: Road Design Settings Dialog Box
3.
Turn off the Shade Areas option to make the surface lines more visible, and click
OK.
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45
4.
In order to modify the cross section the data must be converted to stored data rather
than sliced data. Click the Edit menu of the Cross-Section Editor, and select Convert
design.
5.
Click the down arrow next to the listing of points, and highlight the last point in the
Off, Elev column. It has a point code of RSLOPE. Type -1:1 @5 and press
ENTER. A new 1:1 side-slope line appears and stops at the intersection of existing
ground.
Figure 4-8: Edited Tie Slope
6.
Click the scroll bar to the right of the scroll marker to advance to the next crosssection. When asked if you want to save the revised cross-section, click Yes. Now
scroll back to station 20+00 and view the revised side slope.
46
Trimble
Plotting Cross-Sections
and Plan Sheets
Overview
So, youve now seen how Terramodel can be used to create an alignment, import and
adjust data, calculate quantities, and view cross-sections on your computer. How about
generating something you can hold onto, like construction plan sheets ? Terramodel
provides a variety of ways to generate hard-copy output. We will focus in this chapter on
how to generate cross-sections and plan/profile sheets using the ASAP (automated sheet
assembly and production) command set from the Draft menu.
Terramodel provides a variety of viewing modes for displaying various elements of a
project. Up to this point you have used two views, plan and profile. We will now
introduce a third viewing mode, sheet view, which can be used to place plan, profile, and
cross-sectional images in a construction drawing format.
Step 1: Plot Cross-Sections

Terramodel enables you to generate stand-alone cross-section sheets at designated
locations within the sheet viewing mode. Cross-sectional areas and volumes can also be
displayed on the same sheet.
1.
Click the Draft menu. Select ASAP - Plan Set and Sheet Type. The Sheet Type
dialog box appears.
47
48
Figure 5-1: Sheet Type Dialog Box
2.
Click the Cross-Section button, and click OK.
3.
Click LSET and remove the isolate status.
4.
Click the Window menu, and select the Sheet view.
5.
Click the Draft menu. Select ASAP - Plan Set and Sheet Assembly. In the
command bar that appears, click Create Sheets. The Road Cross-Section Plotting
Dialog Box appears.
Figure 5-2: Road Cross-Section Plotting Dialog Box
6.
Notice the beginning and ending stations of the project displayed in the dialog box.
For this example, type in 1850 in the Ending box to plot the first few cross-sections.
Then click Create. Messages are displayed at the bottom of the screen as the crosssections are created and labeled.
Chapter 5: Plotting Cross-Sections and Plan Sheets
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49
7.
Click the View menu, and select All. The cross-section sheets are displayed.
Figure 5-3: Cross-Section Sheets
Step 2: Plot Plan and Profile Sheets

Now we can create the plan/profile sheets.
1.
Click the Window menu, and select the Plan view.
2.
Click the L Set button, and isolate the ROAD-CL layer. Click OK to close the
Layer Settings dialog box.
3.
Click the Draft menu, and select ASAP - Plan Set and Sheet Type. In the Sheet
Type dialog box, click the Plan and Profile button, and click OK.
4.
Click the Draft menu, and select ASAP - Plan Set and Plotboxes.
50
Figure 5-4: Plotbox Editing Dialog Box
5.
Click Create Plotboxes.
6.
Click anywhere on the centerline. The centerline temporarily changes to a ghosted

appearance. Click the Create Plotboxes button in the command bar.
7.
Click the L Set button, and un-isolate the ROAD-CL layer. Click View and All, and
the plan sheet boundaries for the project are displayed.
Figure 5-5: Plan Sheet Layout
8.
Click the Draft menu. Select ASAP - Plan Set and Sheet Assembly. In the
command bar that appears, click Create Sheets.
9.
Click the two plot boxes that surround the plan view. The boxes temporarily change
to a ghosted appearance. Click the Create Sheets button in the command bar.
When finished click Close.
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51
Step 3: Page Through the Plan Set

We now have a plan set consisting of cross-sections and plan/profile sheets. Lets page
through the plan set in the order that the sheets were created.
1.
Click the Window menu, and select the Sheet view.
2.
Click the Draft menu. Select ASAP - Plan Set and Plan Set Management. In the
command bar that appears, click View.
3.
Click Drawing List to display a list of drawings created. Click the first cross-section
sheet, and click OK. Click Zoom in the command bar, and the first cross-section
sheet appears.
4.
In the main Terramodel menu bar, click View and Zoom. Select a zoom window
encompassing the bottom cross-section (station 15+00).
Figure 5-6: Cross-Section for Station 15+00
5.
Click the View menu, and select PreviousView to return to the view of the first
sheet. Now Zoom in on the text to the right of the bottom cross-section. A display of
the cut and fill areas and accumulated volumes for that section appears. Because this
is the first cross-section, the accumulated volumes are zero.
Figure 5-7: Areas and Volumes for Station 15+00

52
6.
Click View, and select All to view all of the sheets. Zoom in on the text to the right
of the last cross-section (the right-most sheet). A display of accumulated volumes
through station 18+50.
Figure 5-8: Areas and Volumes for Station 18+50
7.
In the command bar, click Next until you see the first plan/profile sheet. In the
command bar click Close and then Close again.
Figure 5-9: Plan/Profile Sheet
Step 4: Send Sheets to a Plotter

Terramodel allows you to send your plan/profile and cross-section sheets to a plotting
device for hardcopy output. Depending on the plotting device you are using, some
configuration may be required before plotting. Refer to the Terramodel Users Guide and
your plotter documentation for more information. With a properly configured plotter,
plotting sheets is easy.
1.
Click the Window menu, and select the Sheet view. Click View, and select All to
view all of the sheets.
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53
2.
Click the Draft menu. Select ASAP - Plan Set and Plan Set Management. In the
command bar that appears, click Plot.
3.
Click inside the first of the four sheets and then click inside the last sheet. Click Plot
in the command bar, and the Plot dialog box appears.
Figure 5-11: Plot Dialog Box
4.
Click the Plot button to send your plot. If you wish to cancel your plot while it is in
progress, click the Cancel button.
You have now seen how Terramodel can be used on a roadway surveying project. While
actual projects are generally much more complex than this example, many of the concepts
remain the same. By gaining further knowledge and experience with Terramodel, you can
perform more advanced tasks on a wide variety of projects.
54
Trimble

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INSTANT EXPERT:

5901 Peachtree-Dunwoody Road N.E.

Terramodel 9.8 Instant Expert: Roadway-Data Processing

U.S. Government Restricted Rights

Printed in the United States of America

Creating a Roadway Alignment....................................................................7

Importing and Using Digital Data ..............................................................17

Working With ..............................................................................................29

Adjusting Surfaces ........................................................................................39

Plotting Cross-Sections and Plan Sheets ......................................................47

Instant Expert: Roadway-Data Processing

Instant Expert: Roadway-Data Processing

Files for this Guide

For Best Results

To copy the project files:

Create a new folder named EXPERT.

Instant Expert: Roadway-Data Processing

Step 1: Open and Rename the Project File

Instant Expert: Roadway-Data Processing

Figure 1-1: Open file Dialog Box

Click IERDD101 to select this file.

Click Open to open the project.

Figure 1-2: Save Project As Dialog Box

Chapter 1: Creating a Roadway Alignment

Step 2: Enter Alignment Data

The Beginning Point

Figure 1-3: Point Command Bar

Instant Expert: Roadway-Data Processing

Chapter 1: Creating a Roadway Alignment

Figure 1-4: Beginning Point of Alignment

Entering Lines and Curves

Figure 1-5: Traverse Command Bar

Figure 1-6: Traverse Options Command Bar

Chapter 1: Creating a Roadway Alignment

Figure 1-7: Traverse Curve Options Command Bar

Figure 1-8: Arc Input Properties Dialog Box

Figure 1-9: Display of First Line and Curve

Instant Expert: Roadway-Data Processing

Chapter 1: Creating a Roadway Alignment

Figure 1-10: Completed Alignment

Chapter 1: Creating a Roadway Alignment

Other Ways of Entering an Alignment

Step 3: Station the Alignment

Figure 1-11: Active Alignment Command Bar

Figure 1-12: Station Command Bar

Instant Expert: Roadway-Data Processing

Chapter 1: Creating a Roadway Alignment

Step 4: Name the Alignment

Figure 1-13: Name Command Bar

Step 5: Generate an Alignment Report

Figure 1-14: Reports Command Bar

Click OK. An alignment report is displayed, as shown in Figure 1-15.

Chapter 1: Creating a Roadway Alignment

Figure 1-15: Alignment Report

To close the P3 Pad, click File and Close.

Step 6: Label the Alignment

Figure 1-16: Label Road HAL Command Bar

Instant Expert: Roadway-Data Processing

Chapter 1: Creating a Roadway Alignment

Figure 1-17: Horizontal Alignment Labeling

Figure 1-18: Labeled Alignment

Chapter 1: Creating a Roadway Alignment

Importing and Using