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Kew Bulletin
FORMERLY THE 6' BULLETIN OF MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
PUBLISHED FOR THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW
CONTENTS Page
XX. Baccaurea minor in Billiton and Borneo .. .. 342
XXI. Prosorus indicus in Borneo and other regions .. 342
XXII. Limestone association of Phyllanthodendron minutiJforum 343
XXIII. Further collection of Sauropus micrasterias .. .. 344
XXIV. Further collection of Choriceras tricorne .. .. 344
XXV. Croton cascarilloides in Borneo and Sumatra .. 344
XXVI. Further Siamese collections of Chondrostylis kunstleri 345
Guinea .. .. .. .. . . 345
correspond to the generic numbers in Pax & Hoffmann's account of the Euphorbiaceae in
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Baccaurea minor Hook.f. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 370 (1887); Pax &
K. Hoffm. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. I47. xv: 64 (1922); Ridl., Fl. Mal.
Penins. 3: 245 (1924).
Aporosa billitonensis Pax & K. Hoffm., 1.c.: 97 (I922), synon. nov.
MALAY PENINSULA. Perak; Singapore; see Ridley, 1.c.
BILLITON. Sine loc. exact. (? Tandjong Pandan), I9I , Van Rossum 28:
NORTH BORNEO. Tawau distr.: Mile 12, Apas Road, secondary forest on
bark flaky; outer bark corky, I mm.; cork cambium white; inner bark red,
soft, 2 mm.; sapwood brown.'
It is very strange that Pax & Hoffmann described this plant as an Aporosa,
since the label of the isotype preserved in the Kew Herbarium bears the
correct generic determination 'Baccaurea', evidently written at Bogor before
Aporosa.
J. J. Sm. in Koord. & Val., Bijdr. No. 12 Booms. Java (Meded. Dep.
Landb. io): 84 (1910); Merr., Enum. Philipp. Fl. P1. 2: 392 (1923);
BORNEO. Sarawak: Bau Distr., I9th mile Bau, alt. 45 m., in primary
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Sungei Susuk region, bottom land, on loam soil containing limestone, alt.
I o m., 26 June 195 I1, Kostermans 5455 :-'Tree 20o m., bole I o m., diam. 30 cm.;
bark rather smooth, I mm. thick; living bark pale brown, 5 mm.; wood pale
reddish; fruit green'.
KANGEAN Is. Gunong Eteng, alt. 220 m., I Apr. 1919, Backer 27877.
The above records from Borneo help to fill the gap in the distribution of
this scattered species between the Philippines and Java, but it has yet to be
clay soils. The above records from Burma, China and the Kangean Is.
appear to be unpublished.
arborescent habit, the rough, densely lenticellate bark, the often large,
membranous, deciduous leaves, the rather large, globose capsules with
thinly crustaceous pericarp, borne in fascicles on long, slender pedicels, and
the brilliant metallic-blue seeds, are very characteristic. I doubt there being
any very significant connection with Cicca, another equally distinct group
sula' (Kew Bull. I4: 471 (I960)), I overlooked the reference to this species by
Henderson in his interesting paper on 'The Flora of the Limestone Hills of
the Malay Peninsula' (Journ. Mal. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 17: 13-87, tt. III-
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Lingnan Sci. Journ. 13(1): 6o (I934) et in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s.
24, 1: 234 (1935), q.v.
566 (1866); Forbes & Hemsl., Enum. P1. China, etc., in Journ. Linn.
Soc. 26: 434 (1894); Craib in Bull. Misc. Inf. Kew 1911: 463 (1911 ) et
Aberdeen Univ. Stud. 57: 190 (I912); Merr., Enum. Philipp. Fl. P1. 2:
426 (1923); Ridl., Fl. Mal. Penins. 3: 261 (i924); Gagnep. in Lecomte,
Fl. G6n. Indoch. 5: 264 (1925); Henderson in Journ. Mal. Br. Roy. As.
D. D. Wood 628.
SUMATRA. West Coast: Panti, Nature Reserve, primary forest, 200 m. alt.,
This distinctive species is now well known from the Liu Kiu Islands,
(Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 1921, Spec. No.). The above are the only
specimens from Borneo and Sumatra that I have seen. According to Henderson (1.c. supra), it is a limestone-loving plant in the Malay Peninsula.
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(196o).
Mallotus? kunstleri King ex Hook. f., in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 443 (1887).
Additional material:
SIAM. Pattani: Banang Sta, evergreen forest, c. 300 m., 31 July 1923,
Kerr 7424:-'Tree about 8 m. high' (S' fl.) ; Betong, evergreen forest, c. 300oom.,
31 July 1923, Kerr 7424A :-'Tree about 6 m. high' (fr.); ibid., evergreen
forest, c. 400 m., I Aug. "1923, Kerr 7424B:-'Tree c. 8 m. high; flowers white'
(6 ff.).
idea what his third species was, and suggesting that '3' was probably a slip
for '2'.
In looking through the Malayan material of the genus Richeriella Pax &
K. Hoffm. preserved in the Kew Herbarium, I find that Ridley has annotated
(1933).) This probably accounts for Ridley's third species. There is, in fact,
a slight resemblance between the two genera in the branching of the 6
inflorescence, although of course the leaves are entirely dissimilar.
NEW GUINEA. Eastern Highlands Distr.: Kassam, alt. 1370 m., one
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other, and are more reminiscent of species of Vernicia, Aleurites, Elateriospermum or Tapoides. (The leaves are sometimes 3-5-lobed in the two first
whilst at the apex of the petiole in the younger leaves two conspicuous
oblong or ovate glandular or stipellar structures are present. These 'glands'
are deciduous, leaving two conspicuous transverse callous scars. The calyx
lobi late triangulares,' but in Brass's specimens the calyx is very distinctly
5-lobed, the lobes being in turn often emarginate, so that the calyx may
sometimes give the impression of being almost Io-lobulate. The lobes are
quite short, and the lobules rounded; the lobes could perhaps be described
as 'obreniform'. The petals are given as 'ad 5 mm. longa'. In the new
These points suggest the possibility that two distinct species, or at least
local races, may be represented; on the other hand they could be due, in the
region of the type-locality on the Sepik River, it seems best to defer the
establishment of a separate taxon. It is hoped in due course to prepare a
drawing for Hooker's 'Icones Plantarum'.
les Muong disent ne pas les utiliser. Pourtant ils sont gros et je crois que
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l'on pourrait en extraire de l'huile. Les tiges sont modlleuses; elles secr tent
peu. Il se rencontre dans les montagnes. Il donne de tres nombreux fruits qui
font ployer les branches. Les petits poils qui sont sur les fruits sont ....
et se plantent dans la peau et sont assez ennuyeux. L'6corce du tronc est
je crois rouge "a section fraiche et sicrete moins que les petits branches et
insuffisamment pour etre exploiti probablement.
'L'arbre sur lequel j'ai fait les premieres remarques itait dans un
endroit difficilement accessible; aussi je n'ai observe que les rameaux que
l'on m'a rapport6; ils sicretaient abondamment. Plus loin ayant remontri
un autre arbre de la mfme essence j'incirais le tronc, mais la sicrition itait
alors peu abondante et je crois insuffisante.'
Venacular name (Muong): co po.
The above two specimens appear to be those quoted by Gagnepain (in
Lecomte, Fl. G6n. Indoch. 5: 294 (1925)) under Aleuritesfordii Hemsl.; see
the localities and the native name. But the truncate leaf-bases, cuneately
narrowed into the petiole, the somewhat different venation, and the densely
sericeous fruit, speak against this identification. They agree closely (so far
as they go) with Deutzianthus tonkinensis, and I believe this to be the correct
panying the Kew specimen appears to be developing only one seed. The
base.
6. Ptychopyxis arborea (Merr.) Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 14: 369 (1960).
Mallotus arboreus Merr. in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15: 159 (1929).
Additional material:
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In its leaves drying brownish on both surfaces, and its rather large S
flowers, this specimen almost bridges the gap between Pt. arborea and
Pt. kingii Ridl.
8. Pt. javanica (J.J.Sm.) Croiz. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 23: 49 (1942); Airy
Shaw in Kew Bull. 14: 371 (1960).
Additional material and extension of range:
9. Pt. bacciformis Croiz. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 23: 49 (1942); Airy Shaw
n Kew Bull. 14: 371 (I960).
Pt. poilanei Croiz., 1.c.: 50; Airy Shaw, 1.c.: 372; synon. nov.
INDOCHINA. ANNAM: For&t 700 m. alt., sol argilo-rocheux, versant sud-est
specific with Pt. philippina Croiz. In the material before me, however, the
glands-if they are indeed such-are extremely few and inconspicuous, and
more often altogether wanting; very different from the condition found in
philippina, in which flat glandular structures are conspicuous and constantly
present. The texture of the leaves of poilanei is also exactly similar to that of
bacciformis, whilst those of philippina are distinctly more coriaceous.
account of the then known Flacourtiaceae of New Guinea, based largely upon
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Borneo, where it has long been known under the name M. caudatus Merr.
With the exception of C. plicatunm, of which the fruits are not yet known,
the species are readily distinguished by their fruiting characters, but it does
not yet seem possible to indicate reliable specific distinctions in any other
parts of the plants.
C. plicatum appears to be recognisable by the usually stronger crenulation
of the leaves, and by the tendency of the ovary or very young fruit to be
thrown into transverse folds, at least upon drying. It is to this latter character
that it owes its specific epithet. It is the only Coccoceras so far known from
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C. sumatranum seems to be rare. The fruit, in the relatively small size of the
'body' and the three greatly elongated, narrow, straight, spreading, acute
wings, is very characteristic. The leaves are often narrower and more oblong
than those of the other species, with prominent tertiary nervation, but this
seems to be an uncertain character.
C. muticum Muell. Arg., from which C. borneinse J. J. Sm. seems indistinguishable, is by far the most widespread species of the four. Specimens
have been seen from the Malay Peninsula (Peninsular Siam to Singapore)
and Borneo (British and Indonesian), and it may well occur in Sumatra.
The fruits are shallowly 3-lobed, with the lobes conspicuously though bluntly
field.
Pflanzenr. IV. 147. vii: 18o (I914)) in their Sect. Philippinenses, a group
characterized by alternate, palmately or tri-nerved leaves, which are
granular-glandular below, a 2-4-locular ovary and smooth capsijle. But the
leaves of Coccoceras are often opposite or subopposite, and such plants could
equally well be referred to Sect. Plagianthera (Rchb. & Zoll.) Pax & K. Hoffm.
respectively (see below), are referred by Pax & K. Hoffmann to their Sect.
Polyadenii, which should have 'penninerved or very shortly trinerved' leaves.
An adequate appraisal of the relationship of Coccoceras with Mallotus must
await a revision of the latter genus. For the present it may perhaps be treated
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Sectio a Sect. Plagianthera (Reichb. & Zoll.) Pax & K. Hoffm. et Sect.
Philippinensium Pax & K. Hoffm. fructibus laevibus angulatis vel alatis
indehiscentibus distincta.
Fruit winged:
Wings ascending or erect, rather short and rounded, sometimes twisted; body of fruit equalling that of muticus in size
2. M. anisopodus
Wings spreading horizontally, very narrow and acute, straight; body of
fruit smaller than that of muticus . . . . 3. M. sumatranus
Fruit unknown; ovary usually conspicuously transversely (horizontally)
plicate; leaves somewhat more strongly crenate than in the other
Mallotus bornefnsis Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 (2): 980 (1866); Pax &
K. Hoffm., 1.c.: 198 (1914); synon. nov.
Rottlera borneinsis (Muell. Arg.) Scheff. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 4:
125 (1868).
C. borneinse J. J. Smith in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., sdr. 3, 6: 94 (1924)
(pro sp. nov.), synon. nov.
MALAY PENINSULA; BORNEO; ?SUMATRA.
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210 (1914).
Hymenocardiaplicata (Muell. Arg.) Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burma 2: 395 (1877).
BURMA.
Mallotus leucodermis Hook. f. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 441 (1887);
Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147. vII: 18o (1914); Ridl., Fl.
Mal. Penins. 3: 291 (1924).
Coccoceras muticum var. ? pedicellata Hook. f., 1.c.: 424; Pax & K. Hoffm., 1.c.:
413 (1887); Lace, List Trees, Shrubs, etc., Burma: 121 (1912); ed. 2
(Rodger): 153 (1922); Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147-
J. D. Hooker commented (1.c.: 414) that 'the three strong long spreading
basal nerves are quite unlike any Indian species of the genus' (i.e. Claoxylon),
and it is therefore strange that he left C. leucocarpum in that genus, among the
'imperfectly known species', since its general aspect is very Mallotoid. Its
present reference to Sect. Echinocroton of Mallotus seems beyond dispute, but
it is less easy to indicate its closest affinity. Unfortunately the flowers are still
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q.v.
(1960).
Additional material:
PERAK. Chikus Forest Reserve, low-lying ground, 27 June 1924, Yeop 9499
(Herb. Kepong):-'Small tree, 32 ft. high, 3 ft. girth; flower yellow; wood
white.'
In his paper on the limestone flora of the Malay Peninsula, Henderson (in
Journ. Mal. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 17: 69 (1939)) mentions as '? Cephalomappa sp.'
a plant from SELANGOR: Bukit Takun, Symington 36403 and 39582. I have not
yet seen these gatherings, and cannot say whether the genus Cephalomappa is
represented.
SARAWAK. Loba Kabang South P.F., in alan type forest, 20 Feb. 1954,
J. A. R. Anderson S 1484: 'Small tree 14 ft. g.v.h., without buttresses; bark
smooth with numerous lenticels; wood white and soft.' Kuching, Sixth Mile
For. Res., in Kerangas, 30 m. alt., 19 Jan. 1954, Muas 1873:-'Tree 35 ft.
I877.
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(1956).
from the border of Tonkin (N. Vietnam). Lung-Tsin is apparently the same
as Lungchow, where so many of Dr. H. B. Morse's plants were collected in
the early part of this century.
The above-cited gatherings are not available for study at this time, but,
from the very good description and illustration provided, I have no doubt
as to the correctness of Dr. Kostermans's determination. From its few (4-6)
lateral nerves, the species may be even closer to my C. paludicola than to C.
K.ferrugineum Hook. f. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 420 (1887); Airy Shaw, 1.c.:
385K. ? longifolium Hook. f. in Hook. f., 1.c.; (var. longifolium) Airy Shaw, 1.c.: 388,
K. hainanense (Merr.) Croiz. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 23: 51 (1942); Airy Shaw,
.c. : 384-
Additional material:
SIAM. Surat: Kaw Samui, 14 June 1927, Put 843 :-'Climber?' (galled);
Tako, Langsuan, 19 June 1928, Put 1732 (galled); Panom, 2 Apr. 1930, Kerr
18813. Puket: Nawng Fe, Krabi, in scrub, sea-level, 20 March 1930, Kerr
18637 :-'Tree c. 15 m. high'; Panom Bercha, Krabi, evergreen forest, 500 m.
alt., 26 March 1930, Kerr 18670: 'Tree c. 20 m. high'; Kaw Fibong, Trang,
semi-deciduous forest, sea-level, 23 Apr. 1930, Kerr 19091 :-'Tree c. 15 m.
high'.
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K. longifolium Hook.f. var. longifolium Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 14: 388 (1960),
able from the foliage, and the length of the inflorescence is extremely
variable. It may even prove necessary, when the fruits of K. bantamense
Hassk. and K. frutescens (Bl.) Airy Shaw become known, to include these
species in the synonymy-both names being, of course, earlier than K.
wallichianum.
The specimen Put 3696 has conspicuously smaller flowers, and leaves
drying greener, than the remainder. It is referred here to K. glanduligerum
(type from Singapore!) only with the greatest reserve, and only because the
character of smaller flowers appears to some extent to be correlated with the
Born. For. Rec. 2): 48, 79, 124 (1938); ed. 2: 116, 192, 292 (1952);
nomen.
Additional material:
(B.N.B. For. Dept.) A 13:--'Tree, I2 ft. high, 12 in. girth; sterile.' Sandakan
distr., Cpt. 13, Sepilok Forest Reserve, primary low undulating hillside
forest, alt. 9 m., 13 Aug. 1960, D. L Nicholson SAN 21776 (fruiting) :-'Tree
25 ft. high, I2 ins. girth. Bark smooth, flaky, papery, white-green. Greenish-
correct, and moreover that the name had never been validated by a
description.
In the original place of publication of var. integrifolium (1.c. supra) the date
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356
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BULLETIN
9. Koilodepas cf. stenosepalum Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 14: 390 (i960).
SARAWAK. R. Kenaban, Upper Plieran, I 152 m., primary rain forest, 24
Sept. 1955, Pickles (Oxford Univ. Exped. Sarawak) S. 3451 :--'Sapling 14 ft.
X 4 ins.; bark smooth-flaky, patchy green, brown and cream; O.B. soft;
I.B. pinky-brown, laminated-brittle; sapwood light brown; leaf-length
4-15 ins.; used for firewood.' Vernacular name (Kayan): luti. Ibid., 5 Oct.
1955, Pickles S. 362I :-'Sapling, 26 ft. x 3- ins.; fruit edible; bark thin,
patchy grey, grey-green, orange and green; O.B. soft; I.B. pinky-cream,
brittle; sapwood orangy-cream; leaf length 4-16 ins.' Vernacular name
(Kayan) : sapabang.
I believe that K. stenosepalum is represented by these specimens, but
unfortunately one is sterile, and upon the Kew duplicate of the second no
fruit is present, although mentioned in the field notes. It is difficult to name
material of this genus from foliage alone.
Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147. II: 16 (I9IO), q.v.; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl.
Gin. Indoch. 5: 477 (1926).
Epiprinus hainanensis Croiz. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 21: 504 (1960) et 23: 53
(1942), in obs., synon. nov.
Additional material and extension of range:
green forest, c. 6oo m., 29 Nov. 1924, Kerr 9486:-'Tree I"7 m. high'; Korat,
Tachang, Chantfik, evergreen forest, c. 400oo m., Kerr 9867:-'Shrub c. 4 m.
high'; Korat, Kao Lem, 25 Dec. 1930, Put 3508. Surat: Bang Son, 11
March 1928, Put 1518; Tako, Langsuan, 13 June 1928, Put 1638.
HAINAN. Sine loc. exact., March 1886 (?), Rev. B. C. Henry 42:-'Small
tree'.
noted below (p. 358), F. C. How 70700oo, from Hainan, one of the original
specimens cited by Croizat for his Epiprinus hainanensis, was distributed as
Mallotus pseudoverticillatus Merr.
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Arbor parva, 8-1o m. alta. Ramuli gracillimi, 1-2-5 mm. crassi, teretes,
laevissimi, cortice albido demum fuscescente, internodiis elongatis. Folia
late elliptica, rarius leviter ovato-elliptica, 10-20 cm. longa, 4-8 cm. lata,
basi late cuneata, raro subrotundata, apice breviter usque longius (4 cm.)
acuminata, chartacea, glaberrima, siccitate viridia (subtus pallidiora), costa
gracili utrinque (praesertim subtus) prominente, nervis primariis gracilibus
5-6-jugis adscendentibus procurvis haud anastomosantibus 2 basalibus rectis
fere marginalibus, nervis minoribus gracillimis transversis scalariformiter
dispositis; petiolus gracillimus, 1-3 cm. longus, o05-I mm. crassus, glaber,
teres, supra canaliculatus; stipulae minimae, deltoideae, citissime caducae.
Inflorescentiae S spiciformes, gracillimae, valde elongatae, 10-25 cm. longae,
per totam longitudinem floriferae, alabastris multis globosis, monilia pendentia simulantes, glaberrimae. Bractea deltoidea, I mm. longa, carinata,
valde acuta, brunnea, patens. Bracteolae binae, vix I mm. diametro, imbricantes, calyculum orbicularem efformantes, margine erosulae. Flos C sessilis.
Surat Circle: Bankrut, Surat, alt. c. 50 m., in evergreen forest, io Feb. 1930,
The only hitherto known member of the genus Spathiostemon has been
S. javensis Bl. (Polydragma mallotiforme Hook. f., Mallotus eglandulosus Elm.),
known from the Malay Peninsula (Perak, once collected), the Philippines,
Borneo, Java and New Guinea. The occurrence of a second species in
generic range. In foliage the two species are extremely similar, but the
extraordinarily elongate male inflorescences and sessile flowers (both S and
Y) of S. moniliformis distinguish it very clearly from the earlier known
species. The discovery of the fruit will be awaited with interest.
Most authors have followed Mueller Argoviensis in uniting Spathiostemon
with Homonoia Lour. J. D. Hooker, however (Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 456 (1887))
and Ridley (Fl. Mal. Penins. 3: 310 (1924)) (both sub Polydragma Hook.f.)
keep it distinct, and I believe there are good grounds for this. The very
smooth, glabrous, entire, broad, long-petioled foliage of Spathiostemon is very
different from the pubescent, glandular-punctate, dentate, narrowly willowlike (or retuse-obovate), short-petioled foliage of Homonoia; indeed in foliage
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358
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? inflorescences and small pubescent capsules of Homonoia should be contrasted with the lax ? inflorescences and very much larger, softly echinate
capsules of Spathiostemon, the latter again in this feature making a closer
approach to Lasiococca. The three genera might conceivably at some future
date be united, but this would seem premature at the present stage.
Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa: 110 (1925); Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras, 2 (7):
1334 (1925)-
HAINAN. Ngai distr.: Naam Shan Leng, dry, gentle slope, sandy soil,
thicket, 3 Aug. 1932, S. K. Lau 353 (type):-'Woody, erect, ht. 3 m.; fruit'.
Sine loc. exact., in shaded forest, 30 Oct. 1933, H. Y. Liang 63916:-'Tree; ht.
8- o m., diam. I- m.; fl. buds yellow green'. [F. C. How 70700, distributed as
Mallotus pseudoverticillatus Merr., is Epiprinus hainanensis Croiz. = E. siletianus
(Baill.) Croiz.; vide Croizat in Journ. Arn. Arb. 2 1: 504-5 (1940), et supra, p.
356].
only from the foothills of the Eastern Himalaya, the Central Provinces
(Bihar and Orissa), and Madras. Merrill referred his supposed new species
of Mallotus to Sect. Axenfeldia (or alternatively to the segregate genus
Coelodiscus Baill.), but its attribution to Lasiococca is beyond doubt, and I
cannot distinguish it from the more southerly of the two known species of
that genus. This, as pointed out by Haines (1.c.), is well distinguished from
L. symphylliifolia (Kurz) Hook.f. by the non-glandular perianth of the ?
flowers, and by the tubercles of the capsule bearing only one terminal hair
ence with the North Borneo Forest Department, that either a new genus or
possibly an undescribed species of Baloghia Endl. was represented, but in the
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discovered later on the mainland) the tree was growing in an area of ultra-
basic rock, which suggests that the region might repay intensive investigation.
nullis, ovario biloculari, stylis 2 bifidis, capsula dicocca, epicarpio tenui haud
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ellipsoidea, 12-14 X 8-9 X 7-8 mm., brunnea, longitudinaliter ochraceomarmorata vel interrupte lineata, apice reliquiis obturatoris conspicue
apiculata, hilo parvo conspicuo prominente 2-3 mm. distante. Cotyledones
plantulae breviter oblongi, 4 cm. longi, 2 cm. lati, apice rotundato-obtusi,
glabri, nervis laxis patulis, 2 subbasalibus angulo acuto adscendentibus
usque ad mediam laminam vel ultra percurrentibus.
NORTH BORNEO. Lahad Datu distr.: Tabawan Island, Darvel Bay, 90 m.
alt., 17 May 1954, A. J. Sangster SAN A 3803 (Herb. Lugd.-Bat.) :-'Tree,
height 50 ft.' (fruiting). Same distr.: Pulau Sakar, ultra-basic area, primary
hill forest, 15 m. alt., 21 Feb. 1961, H. S. Martyn SAN 21605 (Herb. Kew.):
'Tree 90o ft. high, 40 ft. clear bole, 69 ins. girth. Fruit green when young and
turning black when old. Buttresses 2 ft. X 4 ins. x 4 ft. Bark fissured, flaky,
brown-yellow-grey. Red sap. Outer bark dark brown, I in. thick. Inner
bark pink, soft, 4/10 in. thick. Cambium white. Exudation watery. Sapwood
clear bole 20 ft., girth 48 ins. Flower [S] yellow. Bark brown, inner bark
mountains in the Labuk area (Mesasau Range and Bidu-Bidu hills) about
120 miles inland.
Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands, whilst most of the remaining species of the
connection with Baloghia, though remote, seems to be a real one. The credit
for this suggestion goes to Dr. van Steenis.
SIMILARITIES
genera Mischodon Thw. (Ceylon) and Hyaenanche Lamb. & Vahl (Toxicodendrum Thunb.) (S. Africa) provide almost the only examples. Both these
genera are referred to the subfamily Phyllanthoideae on account of the
possession of 2 ovules per loculus, whereas Borneodendron, having uniovulate
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in Baloghia lucida, and also in Hyaenanche globosa (Gaertn.) Lamb. & Vahl.
In Mischodon zeylanicus Thw., however, they appear to be small, paired
structures of a more 'normal' type, sometimes adnate to the petiole.
No convincing parallel to the flattening of the ? peduncle of Borneodendron
has so far been traced, other than that which is seen in Baloghia lucida. In
that species the inflorescence is usually a short raceme (actually cymose) of
decussate opposite flowers, with sometimes a terminal flower present, but it
may occasionally be reduced to a single, apparently axillary, relatively long-
peduncled flower (cf. C. T. White 2069, from Mont Mou, New Caledonia).
In any case the floral axes, and especially the uppermost internodes below
the inflorescences, show in a less extreme form the same type of flattening
the same firm, almost fleshy consistency, and the large, elongate-oblong
anthers, with parallel discrete thecae, dehiscing by an often subsinuose slit,
are highly characteristic. I have not traced such anthers elsewhere in the
family-except possibly in the Australian tribe Ricinocarpeae (Ricinocarpos
Desf., Bertya Planch., Beyeria Miq.) which, as already indicated by Pax &
that Baloghia lucida is known in Queensland and Norfolk Island as 'bloodwood', for a similar reason.
DIFFERENCES
little indication of relationship. The large & bracts appear to have been
developed as a compensation for this lack. The unusual character of the
androecium and of the flattened S peduncle has already been noted, in
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these points agreeing, however, with Baloghia. A stellate-lepidote indumentum and a bilocular ovary occur, of course, in a number of genera of
Euphorbiaceae, but are apparently not found in Baloghia.
GEOGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIPS
graphic Enumeration of Bornean plants (Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 1921,
Spec. No.: 21 (1921)) Merrill cites Osbornia octodonta F. Muell. (Myrtaceae),
Camptostemon philippinensis (Vid.) Becc. (Bombacaceae) and Faradaya matthewsii
ceous genus Longetia Baill. (Buraeavia Baill., Choriophyllum Benth.), represented by two species in western Malaysia (Malay Peninsula and Borneo)
and four in New Caledonia, with a further one in Fiji. The only near
relatives of this genus are Dissiliaria and Choriceras (NE. Australia and S. New
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viridia, subnitida, subtus pallide brunnea; costa modice gracilis, supra plana,
subtus prominens; nervi laterales 6-I2-jugi, graciles, late arcuato-adscendentes, pari infimo fere stricte marginali; petioli graciles, semiteretes,
(i'5-) 3-6 (-Io) cm. longi, 1-2 mm. crassi, basi et apice inconspicue pul-
alis, sed novellis vegetativis ex axillis inferioribus ortis mox superata; axis
primo minute rufescenti-lepidoto-furfuraceus, mox glabrescens, ramis
inferioribus usque II cm. superioribus 1-3 cm. tantum longis. Flores ('
tantum visi) - fasciculati, pedicellis 3-4 mm. longis lepidotis. Calyx cupu-
alabastro imbricatis membranaceo-marginatis rotundatis. Petala 5, oblongoelliptica, circiter 8 mm. longa, 4-5 mm. lata, obtusiuscula, alba, erecta,
globosa.
Mulley, alt. 900oo m., 19 Feb. 1890, M. A. Lawson s.n.:-'A big tree 8o ft.,
with no buttresses.' Travancore, sine loc. exact. vel dat., M. A. Lawson 150.
This overlooked and evidently local species differs from all its congeners
in its entire leaves. A crenate-serrate leaf-margin is so characteristic of
Ostodes that, from the leaves alone, one would hardly think of associating the
present plant with this genus. The inflorescence and flowers are, however,
perfectly typical, and the lepidote indumentum, though sparse, allies this
species with 0. zeylanicus (Thw.) Muell. Arg. which occurs in the same
region. Gamble's reference of 0. integrifolius to 0. zeylanicus var. minor
(Thw.) Hook. f. was, however, quite erroneous. The Ceylon plant (better
treated as a distinct species, 0. minor (Thw.) Muell. Arg., as done by Pax in
Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147. III: 20 (191 )) has quite different, narrowly
elongate-oblong leaves, thin in texture, with a distantly but quite distinctly dentate margin, and very long, slender inflorescences with the
flowers arising from short, recurved, densely bracteolate branchlets. It
appears to be confined to Ceylon.
Some doubt unfortunately attaches to the localities. Manantoddy is a well-
known village in the Wynaad (Wainad) district, NW. of the Nilghiri Hills,
but the collector has himself added a query to it. The second locality might
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be Devala (I i?3o'N., 76525' E.), but the writing on the label is not clear.
The third locality is clearly written, but I have failed to trace it on any map
or gazetteer.
[Baccaurea malayana King ex Hook. f. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 374
(1887); Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3 (i): 280 (I900), in adnot.; Pax in
Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147. xv: 70 (1922); Ridl., Fl. Mal. Penins. 3: 247
(1924); Burkill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Mal. Penins. i: 279 (1935); Corner in
Gard. Bull. Str. Settlem. Io: 289-290 (1939); ubique tantum quoad
Cheilosa homaliifolia Merr. in Philipp. Journ. Sci., Bot. 8: 379 (1913); Pax &
Cheilosa sp.; Merr. in Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 1921, Spec. No.: 346
(1921).
Scortechinia malayana (Hook. f.) Ridl., Fl. Mal. Penins. 5: 332 (1925), in obs.
(based upon Baliospermum malayanum Hook. f.)
greenish.'
6 April 1957, Smythies, Wood & Ashton SAN I74O6:-'Tree, height 85 ft.'
PHILIPPINES (Leyte, Samar, Dinagat, Mindanao); see Merrill, ll.cc.
For most of the above synonymy I am indebted to manuscript notes left
by Dr. E. J. H. Corner, on sheets of Baccaurea malayana, received on loan from
Sumatra, having been lost), but, as Corner has pointed out (l.c. supra),
there is every reason to believe that Jack's plant was a true Baccaurea. The
combination Baccaurea malayana (Jack) King ex Hook. f. must therefore
belong to this (Sumatran) plant and cannot form the basis for a new combination in Cheilosa. It is a curious accident that Hooker, a year later, should
* Maingay 3278 (Kew Distr. I455), type of Baliospermum malayanum Hook. f.
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I have given details of the Bornean records known to me, since these
appear not to have been hitherto published. Haviland & Hose 3231, which
has leaves up to 35 X 16 cm., would fall under Merrill's Ch. homaliifolia var.
grandifolia (vide supra), but I do not believe that this is a significant variation.
Ch. malayana differs from Ch. montana Bl., of Java, the type species of the
genus, principally in the greater size of all its parts. A third species, Ch.
whiteana Croiz., was described from Luzon in the Philippines by Croizat
(in Journ. Arn. Arb. 23: 507 (1942)); but after studying the isotype preserved at Kew I feel great doubt about the correctness of the generic attribu-
tion, and think that more probably the genus Trigonostemon Bl. (s.1.) is
represented. The strongly trinerved leaf-base is wrong for Cheilosa. Unfortunately only Y flowers are present.
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gracilibus supra subplanis infra prominentibus sursum arcuato-adscendentibus (pari infimo marginibus subparallelo); petiolus gracillimus, 6-II cm.
longus, I-2 mm. crassus, minute adpresse puberulus vel glabrescens, basi
inconspicue pulvinatus, apice pulvino 6-7 mm. longo vix incrassato auctus,
glandulis 2 parvis subulatis caducis juxta laminam instructus. Folia floralia
(seu bracteae) similia sed multo minora, I 1-12 cm. longa, 4 cm. lata. Inflores-
Tapoi~des villamilii (CMerr.) Airy Shaw suggests the possibility that a con-
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the two genera. For the present it seems best to underline the considerable
material, together with information on the wild locality and habitat, may
soon become available.
I (1910).
In the material of L6rzing I7063 at Kew, all the petals and most of the
styles have fallen or been eaten by insects, but in the Leiden material, which
I have been able to examine by the kindness of the Director of that institution, some of these parts still remain, and I have therefore designated
this specimen as the holotype.
was described by Gilg (Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 55: 283 (1918)) as Doryalis
macrodendron.
Gilg stated that 'die neue Art geh6rt nicht mit v6lliger Sicherheit zur
Gattung Doryalis; das .... Material... weicht... im Habitus von allen
bekannten Arten der Gattung stark ab.' But he felt that 'kein Zweifel iiber
die Zugeh6rigkeit unserer Pflanze zu den Euflacourtieae bestehen kann.'
Unfortunately no material of the type collection (Ledermann 7400) is present
at Kew, and Sleumer was unable to examine any elsewhere for his revis*on
of the Flacourtiaceae'for the 'Flora Malesiana', though he definitely excluded
believe that the figure (fig. 5, 1.c. 281) and certain points in the description
leave no doubt as to the generic identity of the plant. The green young
branches (when dry), the dense nerve-reticulation, and the leaf-opposed
inflorescences, covered with a gummy secretion, point unmistakably to the
genus Gelonium Roxb.
The only species hitherto recorded from New Guinea is G. papuanum Pax,
based upon Versteeg 1553. A duplicate of the type is present in the Kew
Herbarium, but as this is a ? plant, and Doryalis macrodendron was based
upon a 6' specimen, no comparison of floral details is possible. I have very
little doubt, however, that the two are conspecific, and G. papuanum may well
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Leaves usually thinner and less strongly crenate, often appearing sub-
var. angustifolia Airy Shaw, var. nov., foliis elongate ellipticis vel
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(B.N.B. For. Dept.) 4272 (typus, Herb. Kew.):-'Tree 40 ft. high, 12 ins.
Res., Elopura, Sandakan, Compt. 13, level land, 18 Oct. 1947, Kadir
(B.N.B. For. Dept.) A. 519 (? fl. and fr.):-'Tree 15 ft. high, 3 ins. girth;
flower greenish white'. Vernacular name (Labuk): sobongipad.
Scortechinia paniculata Ridl., Fl. Mal. Penins. 5: 332 (1925), synon. nov.
BURMA (see Chatterjee, 1.c.); NICOBARS; SUMATRA; MALAY PENINSULA
(Pahang, Selangor); NORTH BORNEO; PHILIPPINES.
Although only a leaf and a broken fruit from the type collection of N.
nicobarica are preserved at Kew, there is no doubt but that this little-known
species is conspecific with the widely distributed N. arborea (Elm.) Pax & K.
Hoffm., and also with Scortechinia paniculata Ridl.; it therefore provides the
earliest name for the aggregate species. The leaf of this species is character-
istic and unmistakable. (I have since found the same opinion as to this
synonymy expressed long ago by C. X. Furtado, in sched. in Herb. Kepong,
ad For. Guard Darus 12406, under date 4 April 1928.)
vi): 53 (1919).
Neoscortechinia coriacea Merr. in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15 (P1. Elm. Born.):
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MALAY PENINSULA. Kedah: Sik distr., Bukit Enggang, alt. 90 m., 3 July
1956, For. Gd. Beisit KEP 81 183. Selangor: S. Tinggi, Kuala Selangor, low
Road, low alt., in swampy forest, 14 Apr. 1935, Corner 29250. Vernacular
name: beki.
SUMATRA. Palembang: near Napal Litjen, 750 m., 1881, Forbes 3164:-
'Shrub'.
NORTH BORNEO. Near Tawao, Elmer; see Merrill, 1.c. (I929). Bettotan,
Sandakan, top of hill, alt. 45 m., 23 March 1935, Puasa (B.N.B. For. Dept.)
4554:-'Tree 30 ft. high, 14 ins. girth; flower olive green'. Vernacular name
(Sungei): rambai. Ibid., top of hill, alt. 52 m., 7 May 1935, Puasa (B.N.B. For.
Dept.) 4648:-'Tree 25 ft. high, I2 ins. girth; fruit grey'. Vernacular name
(Kedayan): kayu karing. Kabili For. Res., Elopura, Sandakan F.D., Compt.
16, alt. 6 m., 14 Dec. 1947, Kadir (N.B. For. Dept.) A 656:-'Tree 50 ft. high,
21 ins. girth; fruit greenish yellow'. Vernacular name (Mangalong) : lonchuan.
Sandakan distr., Sepilok For. Res. (15 miles W. of Sandakan), Compt. 14,
alt. 21 m., 24 April 1955, Wood & Charrington SAN 15376:-'Tree, height
70 ft.' Sandakan distr., Sepilok For. Res., S.P. 17, Compt. 8, alt. 75-105 m.,
13 May 1958, Nicholson & Charrington SAN 17743:-'Tree, height 50 ft.'.
E. BORNEO. Berouw, Mapulu, at base of Mt. Ilas Mapulu, alt. 300oo m.,
sandstone and lime, 20 Sept. 1957, Kostermans 13970 (v. young fruit):-'Tree
brief diagnosis ('with shorter, more turgid capsules, and broader leaves'
[than Scortechinia kingii Hook. f.]), but was not a nomen nudum as stated
erroneously by Merrill (1914) and by Pax & K. Hoffmann, l.c. (See also C.
T. White, 1.c. 94.) Comparison of the quite good type specimen preserved
at Kew with an isotype of N. coriacea Merr. leaves no doubt of the specific
identity of the two.
approaching sometimes the one, sometimes the other. From the former it
differs in its usually less coriaceous and less crenate-dentate leaves, which are
inflorescence; from the latter in its larger leaves, often drying reddish
below, and in the presence of conspicuous glands at the apex of the petiole.
The 'more turgid' fruit, noted by Hooker for the eastern plant, seems not to
hold good for the western populations; I do not consider it to be of specific
importance.
C. T. White was inclined to unite N.forbesii with N. arborea (Elm.) Pax &
K. Hoffm. (= N. nicobarica). The species are admittedly close, but I have
found very few specimens where I was in doubt as to the identity, and I
therefore consider it practical to maintain them as distinct species.
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IV. 147. XIV (Euph.-Addit. vI): 52 (i919); S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 63,
Scortechinia kingii Hook. f. in Hook., Ic. P1. 18: t. I706 (Nov. 1887) et in
Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 367 (Dec. 1887); Merr. in Journ. Str. Br. R. As.
Soc. 1921, Spec. No.: 346 (1921); Ridl., Fl. Mal. Penins. 3: 251 (1924)SUMATRA: see S. Moore, 1.c.
I agree with the opinion expressed by Ridley, Fl. Mal. Penins. 5: 332
(1925), that the genus Neoscortechinia (and, I would add, the related Cheilosa)
should probably be excluded from the Euphorbiaceae. The foliage and fruits
recall some of the Flacourtiaceae (e.g. Homalium, Poliothyrsis, Carrierea), or of
Ctenolophon (Linaceae? Ctenolophonaceae? Malpighiaceae?). The thin but rigid,
other genera which should also probably be removed from the Euphorbiaceae,
but it must be confessed that natural dividing lines between that family
and, e.g., the Flacourtiaceae and Sterculiaceae are very hard to find. The
SIAM. Pattani: Betong, evergreen forest, c. 200 m., 24 Aug. 1923 (fr.),
Kerr 7645:-'Tree, c. io m. high; nuts edible'. Puket: Kuan Pra, Ampo Kao
Fruit edible.'
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SIAM. Rachasima: Korat, Lat Bua Kao, 9 Nov. 1931 (?), Put 4361.
Udawn: Ban Sri Rak Sa, Pu Wieng, evergreen forest, 18o m., 31 March
1933, Lakshnakara 1352:-'Shrub; fl. red.'
the type was collected, whilst Pu Wieng is about midway between the two.
This interesting monotypic genus is evidently closely related to Excoecaria.
XLVIII. THE GENUS STILLINGIA GARDEN IN E. MALAYSIA
region, and one in the Fiji Islands, in the Pacific. These Old World species
are shrubs or small trees, with somewhat fleshy and succulent stems, and are
referred by Pax (in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147. v: 181-185 (1912)) to his
Section Pachycladae.
The Fijian species, Stillingia pacifica Muell.-Arg., is known from a aumber
east. This very considerable extension of range-no less than 1500 miles
westward from Fiji-deserves to be placed on record.
mann, Fl. Vit.: 232 (1867); Pax in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 147. v: 183 (1912);
Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl. & Harms, Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 19c: 198 (193I1)
E. PORTUGUESE TIMOR. S. coast, near Lore, coastal Barringtonia forest, alt.
I-5 m., 20 Dec. 1953, van Steenisi8 184:-'Densely branched coarse shrub or
little tree, exactly like Cerbera [Apocynaceae] in habit, untidy; latex abundant, white; S and Y spikes on different twigs of the same plant; also lower
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