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1. Naturalistic inquiry
nonmanipulative,
unobtrusive,
and
4. Qualitative data
6. Dynamic systems
8. Context sensitivity
or an entire culture.
Assumes each case is special and unique; the first
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dubious
of
the
possibility
or
objectivity
is
impossible;
pure
proving
something,
not
Every qualitative study has a distinct starting and ending point, however. It begins
when the researcher identifies the phenomenon he or she wishes to study, and it ends
when the researcher draws his or her final conclusions.
Although the steps involved in qualitative research are not as distinct as they are
in quantitative studies (they arent even necessarily sequential), several steps can be
identified. Let us describe them briefly.
1. Identification of the phenomenon to be studied.
Before any study can begin, the researcher must identify the particular
phenomenon he or she is interested in investigating.
2. Identification of the participants in the study.
The participants in the study constitute the sample of individuals who will be
observed (interviewed, etc.) in other words, the subjects of the study.
3. Generation of hypotheses.
Unlike in most quantitative studies, hypotheses are not posed at the beginning of
the study by the researcher. Instead, they emerge from the data as the study
progresses. Some are almost immediately discarded; others are modified or
replaced. New ones are formulated. A typical qualitative study may begin with
few, if any, hypotheses being posed by the researcher at the start, but with several
being formulated, reconsidered, dropped, and modified as the study proceeds.
4. Generation of hypotheses.
The collection of data in a qualitative research study is ongoing. The researcher is
continually observing people, events, and occurrences, often supplementing his
or her observations with in-depth interviews of selected participants and the
examination of various documents and records relevant to the phenomenon of
interest.
5. Data analysis.
Analyzing the data in a qualitative study essentially involves analyzing and
synthesizing the information the researcher obtains from various sources (e.g.,
observations, interviews, documents) into a coherent description of what he or
she has observed or otherwise discovered. Data analysis in qualitative research,
however, relies heavily on description; even when certain statistics are calculated,
they tend to be used in a descriptive rather than an inferential sense.
6. Interpretations and conclusions.
In qualitative research, interpretations are made continuously throughout the
course of a study. Whereas quantitative researchers usually leave the drawing of
CONCLUTION
Qualitative research is a process of inquiry aimed at understanding human
behavior by building complex, holistic pictures of the social and cultural settings in
which such behavior occurs. It does so by analyzing words rather than numbers, and
by reporting the detailed views of the people who have been studied. The researcher
will be easier to do inquiry if they understand what, how, when, and where of an even
or an action in their inquiry.
General Characteristics of Qualitative Research:
1. The natural setting is the direct source of data, and the researcher is the key
instrument in qualitative research.
2. Qualitative data are collected in the form of words or pictures rather than
numbers.
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REFERENCE
Fraenkel and wallen.2009. How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. New
York:McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Latief, Mohammad Adnan.2012.Research Methods on Language an Introduction.
Malang: UM Press.
Dedeh, Okta. 2013. Perbedaan Data Kualitatif dan Data Kuantitatif.htm. Retrieved
on http://www. Perbedaan Data Kualitatif dan Data Kuantitatif.htm. Accessed
on February 28th, 2016.