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UNIVERSITI
TEKNOLOGI
PETRONAS

- COMMUNICATION

SYSTEMS

COURSE

EBB2O73

DATE

26rH NoVEMBER 2o1o (FRIDAY)

TIME

9.00 AM

- 12.00 NOON (3 hours)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1.

Answer ALL questions from the Question Booklet'

2.

Begin EACH answer on a new page in the Answer Booklet.

3.

lndicate clearly answers that are cancelled, if any.

4.

Where applicable, show clearly steps taken in arriving at the solutions and
indicate ALL assumPtions.

5.

Do not open this Question Booklet until instructed.

Note

There are EIGHT (8) pages in this Question Booklet including the
cover page and apPendix.

Universiti

Teknologi

PETRoNAS

-l

EBB 2073

1.

Two signals mr(t) and mr(t) are multiplied together to give the output y(r) . The
signals

are:

,$,

*'(t) =2+5cos(zriooot)

"

m'(t) =20cos(2tr6000t)

'

a.

Compute the outPut y(r).

[5 marks]

b.

Sketch a voltage versus frequency graph to illustrate the $pectrum of:

i.

m,(t).
[5 marks]

ii.

mr(t).
[5 marks]

iii.

y(t).
[5 marks]
(N

VJ\

,\

{*}

*v

{#
fD

6rn
lrl

rs'
2

EBB 2073

I
2.

You have just been hired as an engineer by an integrated circuit company

manufacturing monolithic phase-locked loops (PLLs). Knowing that you
specialized in telecommunication engineering and graduated with flying colors
from Universiti Teknologi Petronas, your chief engineer assigned you to prepare

a technical documentation on the fundamental operation of a PLL. You will be

well served in preparing the document if you carry out the following tasks:

a.

Draw a block diagram of a PLL with complete and clear labels.

[5 marks]

Discuss the following modes, using suitable mathematical derivations to

support your explanation

Free running mode.

[5 marks]

ii.

Capture mode.
[5 marks]

iii.

Lock mode.
[5 marks]

EBB 2073

a.

3.

For a single tone modulating signal, derive the power gain (ratio) of the
upper side frequency (USF) of an AM.DSB-SC over the USF of an AM ph

-QSg-FG.Any

assumptions made are to be clearly stated.

[8 marks]

b.

An AM SSB-SC signal is generated by modulating an .f" = 1000kHz carrier

by the following audio signal:

v"(Li i,rX

V*

v^(t)=2cos(2000tt)+cos(400021). //

"'

r t(p
ot
Q,,*l
'1

The peak amplitude of the carrier isi'f" = 11

t\*-l

i.

Determine the time domain expression of the lower SSB-SC and

the upper S_S!=SC signals.
!l-

'
Llil-

t-

) [t,

:,

I,

.it',.s

tc,, ['Ltt f*t"

[6 marks]

The coherent demodulation of the lower SSB-SC signal consists of

multiplying

the

received modulated signal /orrr"_r"(/)

by

vr(t)=cos(at"t) (generated by a local oscillator) followed by a low

pass filter.

lf the local oscillator generates a

phase error 5

(i.e., vr(t)=cos(a"t+d)),write the expression of the demodulated

signal at the output of the low pass filter.

f, '&'{"'l
,t

L\

1,1.1 Y,-

,'tl

--rf-'

t'l

'. : 'rrr (

'/
l"J
'l

A t

A rur il ')/r'
],

f./

!? .l

l'tl \ti i
"

[6 marks]

vtt

.j

i'

4.-,(.. * I'r
(

f-tf'.--^fr

.lj

i!

/t

!rt

iii
{

t)t'

\L

,$-

.il
Ai'

\,

l"-t

L,$

{'

,/yt

.,i

;.".. ,,. a

.)

\"
rJ*

\f

+,
- (x
t/
(

6,_

tl-)a?
c.( r,

.\

t,.41 -tt

iur

,e'

li-t'
rl

1l:
rii_!->

rrIt I

ilr
i '-.,

a.

4.

An

EBB 2073

angle-modulated signal with

carrier frequency f"

=I}}Mllz

is

described oy.'ine following equation:

t/

/
t''
't

Determine the frequencies in hertz of the modulating signals.

t'u''

[3 marks]

\\

\_--

.e

the

pglqf

of the moqg!

nal.

r,
i\

hll,r

[3 marks]

"1

Find the peak phase deviation in radians.

[3 marks]

(-T-L
\,"1
A

a=

- - 1.-.f

,t-"^
I

.rr

1 kHz sinusoidal signal phase modulates

When the phase modulation index

t3 marksl

I'
a 10 watt,

.C,

100 kHz carrier.

=1, the detected SNR is 21.8 dB.

wi1 , LgAu

^o
1<n

t'

i.

Determine the required phase modulation index

SNR is 33 dB.
[\t

, l- yr 't,1
,,
rrt"-

\\q' ' \<-er-:*r''

if the detected
[6 marksJ'

)
Estimate the bandwidth of the output signal using Carson's rule and

using the modulation index in part (bxi).

[2 marks]
t

,,_.

- -u-t*

\.\ -

'z*T

1t

,*\
$--\

EBB 2073

5.

a.

baseband color television signal has frequency components ranging

from 0.1 Hz to 4-6 MHz.

i.

Calculate the "theoretical" minimum samplinq rate that can be used

to faithfully reproduce the signal?
[2 marks]

ii.

Suggest a "practical" minimum sampling rate'

[1 mark]

b.

A binary sequence is given as 111001'

i.

sketch the unipolar RZ (return to zero) and bipolar NRZ (non-return

to zero) coded signals for the binary sequence'
[3 marks]

ii.

Comment on the performance of the unipolar RZ in comparison to

the bipolar NRZ in terms of transmission bandwidth and

sYnch ron ization i nformation'

[4 marks]

c.

vur*

The receiver structure for an FSK system is shown in FIGURE Q5'

Output (1/0)

(/)

cos@cl

FIGURE Q5
6

EBB 2073
Explain the nature of the receiver, coherent or non-coherent.
[2 marks]
lt.

Given that a "1" is represented by the waveform Acosro"r(t), and a

"0" by Acosa4r(t), a"o=l.0MIIz

a"1=l.05MHz, and the signal

bandwidth is 20 kHz. Derive and explain how bits "1,,and ,,0', are
detected correctly. Also, comment on the cutoff frequencies of the
low pass filters (LPFs).
[8 marks]

- END OF PAPER -

EBBfo?E)
\
nnzrny'r'

APPENDIX

o/

'

lntegrals

Trigonometric ldentities
cos(x)

=(si'+e-i')12

sin(x) =(sF
cos(x

sin(x +

/)

Jsin(x)clr = -cos(x)

= cos(x) cos(y) T sin(x) sin(y)

Jx

y; = sin(x) cos(y) + cos(x) sin(y)

cos(2x) = cos'(x) cos(y)

sinz

(x)

lx;

sin(x)dx = 2x sin(x)

sin(x) sin(-/) = cos(x

- y) -

sin(x) cos(y) = sin(x

cos(x +

(x2

2) cos(x)

Ia
a2)]

[x' e"' dx = e"'l(x' / a) - (2x I a') -

- y) + cos(x + y)

lx'z

[xe"' dx = e"'l(x I a) - (l I

cos(x) cos(.y) = cos(x

cos(x)dx= 2x cos(x) + (r' -2) sin(x)

I""'&=eo'

1- cos(2x)

+ sin21x; =

- xcos(x)

[x'

(x) = 1+ cos(2x)

2sin2 (x) =
cost

cos(x)atr = cos(x) + x sin(x)

sin(x)
Jxsin(x)ah =

sin(2x = 2sin(x)cos(x)
2cos2

lL'

sin(x)
Jcos(x)dr =

-e-F)l2j

la*4"+ Bx)=(rt nhla+

y)

adx
l_
J

- y) + sin(x + y)

a' + F'x'

.oS'

\$y
,s*
-Y r\

Some Useful Mathematical Relationships

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