LATIHAN SOAL DVB

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1. Describe the difference between progressive and interlaced scan. What is the advantage and
disadvantage of interlaced scan compared with progressive scan, when the line rate per second
(lines/s) is the same?
2. What are some of the factors that determine the minimal required frame rate (frames/s) and line
number (lines/frame) for the eye not to see separate frames or lines?
3. Consider a raster video converted from a 3D video signal with 10 frames/second, 100 x 100
pixels/frame. What is the maximum possible temporal frequency (Hz or cycles/s)?
4. What is the bandwidth of the NTSC video?
5. How is audio multiplexed with video into a single signal? What is the carrier frequency used for
audio?
6. Which modulation technique is used for modulating a TV signal to a carrier frequency? What is
the total bandwidth allocated for a TV channel? Illustrate with a figure the spectrum of a
modulated TV channel.
7. With amplitude modulation (e.g. DSB), one can either suppress the carrier or transmit the
carrier (leading to DSB-SC and DSB-C, respectively). Discuss the difference in
demodulation for DSB-SC and DSB-C. What are the major advantage and disadvantages
of each?
8. Suppose a color is represented by a RGB triplet of (100, 100, 100). What are the YIQ values?
Explain your result.
9. Suppose a color is represented by a YIQ triplet of (70,-32,-32). What are the RGB values?
10. What are the benefit of converting RGB values to YIQ (or any luminance+chrominance
representation) when transmitting a color signal?
11. Describe the QAM method used to multiplex the I and Q components together onto a color subcarrier frequency. Draw the modulation and demodulation block diagram.
12. What are the factors that one must consider when choosing the color sub-carrier frequency?
What is the sub-carrier frequency used in NTSC color standard?
13. Draw a block diagram for demultiplexing YIQ components from the composite video signal
(containing the baseband luminance signal and the QAM modulated I and Q). Explain each
component.
14. Why are comb filters desired in separating luminance from chrominance than conventional
low-pass/bandpass filter?
15. Draw the overall spectrum of a color TV signal (including Y, I, Q and audio) when modulated
over a carrier frequency.
16. How can a monochrome TV set automatically extract the luminance signal from a broadcasted
color TV signal?
17. Draw the block diagram of the NTSC color TV transmitter and receiver, and explain functions
of each component.
18. What are the factors considered when choosing the sampling rate for digitizing a raster video?
19. Why is that we can and want to sample chrominance components at a lower sampling rate than
luminance? What are the differences between the color formats 4:4:4, 4:2:2, 4:1:1, 4:2:0?
20. The figure below show two interlaced video frames.
Generate the field data associated with each frame.
Deinterlace field 1 of frame 2 using field averaging. Write down the deinterlaced field.
Now try line averaging. Write down the deinterlaced field.
Now try field and line averaging. Write down the deinterlaced field.
For this simple example, which method is better?
In general, what are the pros and cons of different methods?

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Frame 1

Frame 2

21. What is the main difference between image coding and video coding? Why is it not efficient to
simply apply an image coder (say JPEG) to individual video frames? (This is what motionJPEG does).
22. What is motion-compensated temporal prediction? How is it used in video coding?
23. What are the major steps in block-based hybrid video coding? Draw the block diagram of a
typical block-based hybrid video encoder and corresponding decoder, and explain the functions
of each component.
24. What are the major steps in DCT-based coding for each block? What are the differences in
coefficient quantization and run-length coding for I-blocks and P/B-blocks?
25. What are the different modes in a block-based hybrid video coder? How do they each operate
on a macroblock?
26. Which mode is most efficient for a block that is part of a moving object that has appeared in the
previous frame? Which mode is most efficient for a block that corresponds to part of an object
that first appeared in this frame, and continues in the next frame? Why dont we use P or B
modes all the time? Why is I-mode needed?
27. Why are compressed video streams sensitive to transmission errors? What are some simple
ways to make the bit streams more resilient to transmission errors? What are we trading-off
when increasing the error resilience?
28. What does scalability mean in video coding? Why is scalability desirable in practical
applications?
29. What is the target application of the H.320 standard? What is the video coding standard used in
H.320?
30. What is the target application of the H.323 standard? What is the video coding standard used in
H.323?
31. What is the target application of the H.324 standard? What is the video coding standard used in
H.324?
32. What are the main differences between H.320, H.323 and H.324 applications in terms of
available bandwidth and delay variation?
33. H.261 and H.263 video coding standards differ mainly in how motion estimation is performed.
Describe some of the techniques adopted in H.263 that helped improve its coding efficiency
over H.261.
34. What is the target application of MPEG-1? What are the different parts of MPEG-1 standard?
35. Describe some of the differences between MPEG-1 and H.261/H.263 video coding standards?
36. What is the target application of MPEG-2? What are the different parts of MPEG-2 standard?
37. Describe some of the differences between MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 video coding standard?
38. What are the different ways that MPEG-2 uses to generate two layer video? Explain each
briefly.

39. MPEG-4 video coding standard uses the so-called object-based coding. Describe what it is
and how a receiving user may make use of it? What are the three types of information contained
in each object?
40. Describe some techniques incorporated in H.264 that helped improving its coding efficiency
over H.263/MPEG-4.
41. Describe the two possible alternatives (compatible vs. simulcast) for migrating from analog TV
system to an advanced television system. What are the pros and cons of each? What make the
non-compatible all-digital approach win over other options?
42. Describe the major components in the US DTV system. What are the audio and video formats
supported? What are the audio and video coding standards used? What channel coding and
modulation techniques are used?
43. Repeat 2 for the Europe DVB system.
44. How does the GOP structure in MPEG2 video codec support channel switching in addition to
random access (after recording). What decides the maximum delay after a person switch to a
different channel? What is the maximum delay considered acceptable? For fast forward, what
determines the slowest forward speed? For rewind, what determines the slowest rewind speed?
45. Describe the major components in a perceptual audio coding system. Draw the block diagram
and explain the function of each block.
46. What is the purpose of channel coding? How is this achieved in principle?
47. What is the purpose of data interleaving? What are some of the disadvantage of interleaving?
48. What is concatenated channel coding? And what is its benefit compared to a single channel
code?
49. Describe the channel coding scheme used in the ATSC DTV system and the DVB system
respectively.
50. Describe how to map digital signal to analog waveform using 4-ASK. Illustrate the waveform
corresponding to each 2-bit symbol. For the following sequence of bits, 01001011, sketch the
resulting analog signal. (you can assume an arbitrary carrier frequency for this exercise. For
example, each symbol contains only one or two cycles of a sinusoid).
51. Describe how to map digital signal to analog waveform using 4-QAM. Illustrate the waveform
corresponding to each 2-bit symbol. For the following sequence of bits, 01001011, sketch the
resulting analog signal.
52. Describe the principle of 8-VSB modulation scheme used for US DTV.
53. Describe the principle of the COFDM modulation scheme used for the DVB system.
54. What are the pros and cons of 8-VSB vs. COFDM?
55. For a 4096 QAM modulator with an input bit rate (Fb) equal to 20 Mbps and a carrier frequency
of 100 MHz, determine the minimum double-sided Nyquist bandwidth (FN) and the baud.
Sketch the output spectrum.
56. For a 4096 QAM modulator, change the reference oscillator to cost ct and determine the output
expression for the following I and Q input conditions : 000000000000, 010100100111 and
111111111111.
57. Determine the bandwidth efficiency for the following modulator :
a. QPSK, Fb = 10 Mbps
b. 16 APSK, Fb = 21 Mbps
c. 256 QAM, Fb = 20 Mbps
58. Berapa besar bandwidth yang diperlukan oleh transmisi stasiun pemancar televisi komersial ?
59. Berapa banyak stasiun pemancar am komersial dapat dimasukkan pada alokasi bandwidth kanal
tv komersial ?
60. Berapa banyak stasiun pemancar fm komersial dapat dimasukkan pada alokasi bandwidth kanal
tv komersial ?

61. Berapa besar bandwidth yang diperlukan oleh bagian suara transmisi tv ?
62. Modulasi apa yang digunakan yang digunakan pada bagian suara untuk transmisi pemancaran
tv komersial ?
63. Apakah transmisi vsb ? Apakah perbedaan vsb dengan transmisi ssb dan am ?
64. Apakah yang dimaksud dengan interlaced scanning dan mengapa digunakan ?
65. Apakah fungsi kumparan magnetik disekitar leher crt yang digunakan sebagai tabung gambar
pada penerima tv ?
66. Mengapa arus yang diberikan ke kumparan deflektor magnetik pada leher tabung penerima
yang mempunyai gelombang gigi gergaji ?
67. Bagan apa yang yang dipakai sehingga berkas elektron penerima tv dan berkas elektron pada
kanera studio adalah identik ?
68. Jelaskan apakah luminance dan chrominance dari sinyal tv berwarna ?
69. Apakah kebutuhan utama untuk penerimaan sistem tv berwarna ?
70. Apakah burst warna ? Mengapa ada pada sinyal tv berwarna ?