PARTICIPLES

when two actions by the same subject take place at the same time:
She held his hand and led him through the crowd.
Holding his hand, she led him through the crowd.
She led him through the crowd holding his hand.
when one action immediately follows another or is a direct result of it. The main
action is a verb and the secondary action is a participle. The action which takes
place first is written first:
I saw her on the other side of the road and quickly tried to hide.
Seeing her on the other side of the road, I quickly tried to hide.
She turned on her computer and started to work.
Turning on her computer, she started to work.
in place of clauses of time (present or perfect participle after time conjunctions
after, before, since, while, on, upon)
After I spoke to you, I felt much better.
After speaking / having spoken to you, I felt much better.
I felt much better after speaking / having spoken to you.
When I first met him, I didnt like him.
I didnt like him on first meeting him.

 in place of clauses of reason

As / Since / Because I was happy with my results, I decided to go out and
celebrate.
Being happy with my results, I decided to go out and celebrate.
We use a perfect participle in place of a clause of reason in the present perfect or
past perfect
Hes lived here all his life so he knows a lot about the town.
Having lived here all his life, he knows a lot about the town.
Id had an argument with him the night before so I didnt want to see him.
Having had an argument with him the night before, I didnt want to see
him.

in place of clauses of concession (after although and while)

While fully understanding your problem, I cant allow you to break the
rules.

in place of defining subject relative clauses in the present simple or continuous:

The woman who lives / who is living next door works for a television company.
The woman living next door works for a television company.
Past participle in place of the passive
I often saw her at the disco. She was surrounded by her admirers.
I often saw her at the disco, surrounded by her admirers.
Her books, which are read by people all over the world, are still immensely
popular.
Her books, read by people all over the world, are still immensely popular.
If I am accepted for the job, Ill have to start next month.
If accepted for the job, Ill have to start next month.
The manuscript had been lost for many years when it suddenly turned up again.
Lost for many years, the manuscript suddenly turned up again.
Being + past participle following after, before, when, since, while, on,
by:
After it was cleaned the bike looked as good as new.
After being cleaned, the bike looked as good as new.
Since the government was elected, it has had one crisis after another.
Since being elected, the government has had one crisis after another.
The message got across to people because it was repeated over and over again.
The message got across to people by being repeated over and over again.