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WritingObjectivesUsingBloom'sTaxonomy
VariousresearchershavesummarizedhowtouseBloomsTaxonomy.Followingarefourinterpretationsthatyoucanuseas
guidesinhelpingtowriteobjectivesusingBloomsTaxonomy.
From:KCMetro(http://www.kcmetro.cc.mo.us/longview/ctac/blooms.htm)[oldlink,nolongerfunctioning?]
BloomsTaxonomydividesthewaypeoplelearnintothreedomains.Oneoftheseisthecognitivedomain,whichemphasizes

BestPractice(/learning
resources/articlesbooks/best
practice)
AcademicHonesty&Integrity
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honestyintegrity)
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intellectualoutcomes.Thisdomainisfurtherdividedintocategoriesorlevels.Thekeywordsusedandthetypeofquestions
askedmayaidintheestablishmentandencouragementofcriticalthinking,especiallyinthehigherlevels.

LEVEL

1:KNOWLEDGE

CollaborativeLearningSpaces
(/learningresources/articles
books/best
practice/collaborativelearning
spaces)

who,what,why,

Whatis...?Howis...?Whereis...?Whendid_______

previously

when,omit,where,

happen?Howdid______happen?Howwouldyou

learnedmaterial which,choose,find,

explain...?Whydid...?Howwouldyoudescribe...?

byrecallingfacts, how,define,label,

Whendid...?Canyourecall...?Howwouldyoushow...?

terms,basic

show,spell,list,

Canyouselect...?Whowerethemain...?Canyoulist

conceptsand

match,name,relate, three...?Whichone...?Whowas...?

answers.

tell,recall,select

Demonstrating

compare,contrast,

Howwouldyouclassifythetypeof...?Howwouldyou
compare...?contrast...?Willyoustateorinterpretinyour
ownwords...?Howwouldyourephrasethemeaning...?

byorganizing,

extend,illustrate,

Whatfactsorideasshow...?Whatisthemainideaof...?

comparing,

infer,outline,relate,

Whichstatementssupport...?Canyouexplainwhatis

2:COMPREHENSION translating,

rephrase,translate,

happening...whatismeant...?Whatcanyousayabout

interpreting,

summarize,show,

...?Whichisthebestanswer...?Howwouldyou

giving

classify

summarize...?

descriptionsand
statingmain
ideas.
Solvingproblems apply,build,choose, Howwouldyouuse...?Whatexamplescanyoufindto

3:APPLICATION

ActionVerbs(/learning
resources/articles
books/bestpractice/goals
objectives/actionverbs)

byapplying

construct,develop,

...?Howwouldyousolve_______usingwhatyouhave

acquired

interview,makeuse

learned...?Howwouldyouorganize_______toshow

knowledge,facts, of,organize,

...?Howwouldyoushowyourunderstandingof...?What

techniquesand

experimentwith,

approachwouldyouuseto...?Howwouldyouapply

rulesina

plan,select,solve,

whatyoulearnedtodevelop...?Whatotherwaywould

differentway.

utilize,model,identify youplanto...?Whatwouldresultif...?Canyoumakeuse
ofthefactsto...?Whatelementswouldyouchooseto
change...?Whatfactswouldyouselecttoshow...?What
questionswouldyouaskinaninterviewwith...?

Bloom'sEducational
Objectives(/learning
resources/articles
books/bestpractice/goals
objectives/blooms
educationalobjectives)

WritingObjectives
(/learning
resources/articles
books/bestpractice/goals
objectives/writing
objectives)

Exhibits

interpret,explain,

FERPA(/learning
resources/articlesbooks/best
practice/ferpa)

DevelopingObjectives
(/learning
resources/articles
books/bestpractice/goals
objectives/developing
objectives)

QUESTIONS

factsandideas

EducationPhilosophy
(/learningresources/articles
books/bestpractice/education
philosophy)

Goals&Objectives(/learning
resources/articles
books/bestpractice/goals
objectives)

KEYWORDS

understandingof demonstrate,

CourseDevelopment
(/learningresources/articles
books/bestpractice/course
development)
CriticalThinking(/learning
resources/articlesbooks/best
practice/criticalthinking)

LEVEL
ATTRIBUTES

4:ANALYSIS

Examiningand

analyze,categorize, Whatarethepartsorfeaturesof...?Howis_______

breaking

classify,compare,

relatedto...?Whydoyouthink...?Whatisthetheme...?

informationinto

contrast,discover,

Whatmotiveisthere...?Canyoulisttheparts...?What

partsby

dissect,divide,

inferencecanyoumake...?Whatconclusionscanyou

identifying

examine,inspect,

draw...?Howwouldyouclassify...?Howwouldyou

motivesor

simplify,survey,take categorize...?Canyouidentifythedifferenceparts...?

causesmaking

partin,testfor,

Whatevidencecanyoufind...?Whatistherelationship

inferencesand

distinguish,list,

between...?Canyoumakeadistinctionbetween...?

findingevidence distinction,theme,
tosupport

Whatisthefunctionof...?Whatideasjustify...?

relationships,

generalizations. function,motive,
inference,
assumption,
conclusion

InstructionalMethods
(/learningresources/articles
books/best
practice/instructionalmethods)

Compiling

build,choose,

Whatchangeswouldyoumaketosolve...?Howwould

information

combine,compile,

youimprove...?Whatwouldhappenif...?Canyou

togetherina

compose,construct, elaborateonthereason...?Canyouproposean

InstructionalTechnologies
(/learningresources/articles
books/best
practice/instructional
technologies)

differentwayby

create,design,

alternative...?Canyouinvent...?Howwouldyouadapt

combining

develop,estimate,

________tocreateadifferent...?Howcouldyouchange

elementsina

formulate,imagine,

(modify)theplot(plan)...?Whatcouldbedoneto

newpatternor

invent,makeup,

minimize(maximize)...?Whatwaywouldyoudesign...?

LargeClasses(/learning

proposing

originate,plan,

Whatcouldbecombinedtoimprove(change)...?

resources/articlesbooks/best
practice/largeclasses)

5:SYNTHESIS

alternative

predict,propose,

Supposeyoucould_______whatwouldyoudo...?How

solutions.

solve,solution,

wouldyoutest...?Canyouformulateatheoryfor...?Can

suppose,discuss,

youpredicttheoutcomeif...?Howwouldyouestimate

modify,change,

theresultsfor...?Whatfactscanyoucompile...?Canyou

original,improve,

constructamodelthatwouldchange...?Canyouthinkof

adapt,minimize,

anoriginalwayforthe...?

ManagementofClass,
Resources,andBehavior
(/learningresources/articles
books/best
practice/managementclass
resourcesandbehavior)

maximize,delete,
Teaching&Research
Assistants(/learning
resources/articlesbooks/best
practice/teachingresearch
assistants)

theorize,elaborate,
test,improve,
happen,change

TechnologyHowTo's
(/academictechnologies/how
toguides)
UsingVideo(/learning
resources/articlesbooks/best
practice/usingvideo)
WebAccessibility(/learning
resources/articlesbooks/best
practice/webaccessibility)

Presentingand

award,choose,

Doyouagreewiththeactions...?withtheoutcomes...?

defending

conclude,criticize,

Whatisyouropinionof...?Howwouldyouprove...?

opinionsby

decide,defend,

disprove...?Canyouassessthevalueorimportanceof

making

determine,dispute,

...?Woulditbebetterif...?Whydidthey(thecharacter)

judgmentsabout evaluate,judge,

choose...?Whatwouldyourecommend...?Howwould

information,

justify,measure,

youratethe...?Whatwouldyoucitetodefendtheactions

validityofideas

compare,mark,rate, ...?Howwouldyouevaluate...?Howcouldyou

orqualityofwork recommend,ruleon, determine...?Whatchoicewouldyouhavemade...?

6:EVALUATION

CTLLibrary(/learning
resources/articlesbooks/ctl
library)

basedonasetof select,agree,

Whatwouldyouselect...?Howwouldyouprioritize...?

criteria.

interpret,explain,

Whatjudgmentwouldyoumakeabout...?Basedonwhat

appraise,prioritize,

youknow,howwouldyouexplain...?Whatinformation

opinion,,support,

wouldyouusetosupporttheview...?Howwouldyou

importance,criteria,

justify...?Whatdatawasusedtomaketheconclusion...?

prove,disprove,

Whywasitbetterthat...?Howwouldyouprioritizethe

assess,influence,

facts...?Howwouldyoucomparetheideas...?people

perceive,value,

...?

FacultyLab(/learning
resources/articlesbooks/faculty
lab)
SampleDocuments(/learning
resources/articlesbooks/sample
documents)
SummerInstitute2009(/learning
resources/articlesbooks/summer
institute2009)

estimate,influence,
deduct
From:UMUC(http://www.umuc.edu/ugp/ewp/bloomtax.html)

SummerInstitute2010(/learning
resources/articlesbooks/summer
institute2010)
SummerInstitute2011(/learning
resources/articlesbooks/summer
institute2011)

BloomsRankingofThinkingSkills

KNOWLEDGE
List,Name,
Identify,Show,
Define,

TipSheets(/learning
resources/articlesbooks/tip
sheets)
Webinars(/learning
resources/webinars)

Recognize,
Recall,State,
Visualize

COMPREHENSION

APPLICATION

ANALYSIS

Summarize,Explain,

Solve,Illustrate,

Analyze,Organize,

Interpret,Describe,

Calculate,Use,

Deduce,Contrast,

Compare,Paraphrase,

Interpret,Relate,

Compare,

Differentiate,

Manipulate,Apply, Distinguish,Discuss,

Demonstrate,Classify

Modify

Plan,Devise

SYNTHESIS
Hypothesize,
Support,
Schematize,
Write,Report,
Justify

From:Stewards(http://www.stedwards.edu/cte/bwheel.htm)

TaskOrientedQuestionConstructionWheelBasedonBloomsTaxonomy

TaskOrientedQuestionConstructionWheelBasedonBloomsTaxonomy.
2001St.EdwardsUniversityCenterforTeachingExcellence.
Stedwards(http://www.stedwards.edu/cte/bwheel.htm)

EVALUATION

Design,
Evaluate,Choose,
Estimate,Judge,
Defend,Criticize

From:GATech(http://epitome.ce.gatech.edu/iowa/how.html)
AccordingtoBenjaminBloom,andhiscolleagues,therearesixlevelsofcognition:
1. Knowledge:rotememorization,recognition,orrecalloffacts
2. Comprehension:understandingwhatthefactsmean
3. Application:correctuseofthefacts,rules,orideas
4. Analysis:breakingdowninformationintocomponentparts
5. Synthesis:combinationoffacts,ideas,orinformationtomakeanewwhole
6. Evaluation:judgingorforminganopinionabouttheinformationorsituation
Ideally,eachoftheselevelsshouldbecoveredineachcourseand,thus,atleastoneobjectiveshouldbewrittenforeach
level.Dependingonthenatureofthecourse,afewoftheselevelsmayneedtobegivenmoreemphasisthantheothers.
BelowareexamplesofobjectiveswrittenforeachlevelofBloomsTaxonomyandactivitiesandassessmenttoolsbasedon
thoseobjectives.Commonkeyverbsusedindraftingobjectivesarealsolistedforeachlevel.

LEVEL

1:KNOWLEDGE

LEVEL
KEYWORDS
ATTRIBUTES

EXAMPLE
OBJECTIVE

EXAMPLEACTIVITY

EXAMPLE
ASSESSMENT

Rote

list,recite,

Bytheendofthis Havestudentsgroupup

Usethefollowing

memorization,

define,name,

course,the

andperformsimple

questiononan

recognition,or

match,quote,

studentwillbe

experimentstotheclass

examor

recalloffacts.

recall,identify, abletorecite

showinghowoneofthe

homework.Recite

label,recognize Newtonsthree

lawsofmotionworks.

Newtonsthree

lawsofmotion.

lawsofmotion.

Understanding

describe,

Bytheendofthis Groupstudentsintopairs

whatthefacts

explain,

course,the

andhaveeachpairthinkof studentstowritea

mean.

paraphrase,

studentwillbe

wordsthatdescribemotion. simpleessaythat

restate,give

abletoexplain

Afterafewminutes,ask

explainswhat

original

Newtonsthree

pairstovolunteersomeof

Newtonslawsof

examplesof,

lawsofmotionin

theirdescriptionsandwrite motionmeanin

summarize,

his/herown

thesedescriptionsonthe

interpret,

words.

board.

2:
COMPREHENSION

Assignthe

his/herownwords.

discuss
Correctuseof

calculate,

thefacts,rules,or predict,apply,
ideas.

3:APPLICATION

Bytheendofthis Afterpresentingthekinetic Onatest,definea

energyequationinclass,

projectileandask

solve,illustrate, studentwillbe

course,the

havethestudentspairoff

thestudentsto

use,

abletocalculate

forjustafewminutesand

Calculatethe

demonstrate,

thekineticenergy practiceusingitsothatthey kineticenergyof

determine,

ofaprojectile.

model

feelcomfortablewithit

theprojectile.

beforebeingassessed.

Breakingdown

classify,outline, Bytheendofthis Presentthestudentswith

Givethestudents

informationinto

breakdown,

course,the

differentsituations

anassignment

studentwillbe

involvingenergyandask

thatasksthem

analyze,

ableto

thestudentstocategorize

outlinethebasic

diagram,

differentiate

theenergyaseitherkinetic principlesof

illustrate

betweenpotential orpotentialthenhavethem kineticand

componentparts. categorize,

4:ANALYSIS

Combiningparts design,

andkinetic

explainindetailwhythey

energy.

categorizeditthewaythey Askthemtopoint

potentialenergy.

did,thusbreakingdown

outthedifferences

whatexactlymakesup

betweenthetwo

kineticandpotential

aswellashow

energy.

theyarerelated.

Bytheendofthis Tieeachlectureor

Givethestudents

tomakeanew

formulate,build, sectionofthe

discussiontotheprevious

aprojectinwhich

whole.

invent,create,

course,the

lecturesordiscussions

theymustdesign

compose,

studentwillbe

beforeit,thushelpingthe

anoriginal

generate,

abletodesignan studentsassembleallthe

homework

5:SYNTHESIS

derive,modify, original

discreetclassroom

develop

homework

sessionsintoaunifiedtopic withtheprinciple

problemdealing

ortheory.

withtheprinciple

problemdealing
ofconservationof
energy.

ofconservationof
energy.
Judgingthe

choose,

Bytheendofthe Havedifferentgroupsof
studentssolvethesame

adynamicsystem

informationor

determine,

problemusingdifferent

andaskthe

ideas.

defend,judge, abletodetermine methods,thenhaveeach

studentwillbe

studentswhich

grade,

whetherusing

grouppresenttheprosand methodthey

compare,

conservationof

consofthemethodthey

wouldusetosolve

chose.

theproblemand

contrast,argue, energyor

6:EVALUATION

Onatest,describe

valueorworthof support,relate, course,the

justify,support, conservationof
convince,

momentumwould

select,evaluate bemore
appropriate
forsolvinga
dynamics

why.

problem.
Attachment:WritingObjectivesUsingBloom'sTaxonomy[PDF,323KB]
(/sites/teaching.uncc.edu/files/media/files/file/GoalsAndObjectives/BloomWritingObjectives.pdf)

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