SUGGESTED INVESTIGATORY PROJECTS (BY C.B.S.

E) CLASS XII
1 To study various factors on which the internal resistance/emf of a cell depend
s. 2. To study the variations, in current flowing, in a circuit containing a LDR
, because of a variation. (a) in the power of the incandescent lamp, used to 'il
luminate' the LDR. (Keeping all the lamps at a fixed distance). (b) in the dista
nce of a incandescent lamp, (of fixed power), used to 'illuminate' the LDR. 3. T
o find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil (transparent) using a plane m
irror, a equiconvex lens, (made from a glass of known refractive index) and an a
djustable object needle. 4. To design an appropriate logic gate combination for
a given truth table. 5. To investigate the relation between the ratio of (i) out
put and input voltage and (ii) number of turns in the secondary coil and primary
coil of a self designed transformer. 6. To investigate the dependence, of the a
ngle of deviation, on the angle of incidence, using a hollow prism filled, one b
y one, with different transparent fluids. 7. To estimate the charge induced on e
ach one of the two identical styro foam (or pith) balls suspended in a vertical
plane by making use of Coulomb's law. 8. To set up a common base transistor circ
uit and to study its input and output characteristic and to calculate its curren
t gain. 9. To study the factor, on which the self inductance, of a coil, depends
, by observing the effect of this coil, when put in series with a resistor/(bulb
) in a circuit fed up by an a.c. source of adjustable frequency. 10. To construc
t a switch using a transistor and to draw the graph between the input and output
voltage and mark the cut-off, saturation and active regions. 11. To study the e
arth's magnatic field using a tangent galvanometer.

SUGGESTED INVESTIGATORY PROJECTS(BY GROUP MEMBERS)

1. PPROJECT 01
Diffraction of light by blades
When laser light incident on fine slit, made by lateral combination of two blade
s edges. The blades are at distance of one to two meter apart from the screen so
light shows diffraction pattern. The variation in the intensity with distance o
bserved.
PROJECT 02
Variation of resistance with length of conductor.
After completing the circuit of ohms law the reading of voltmeter and ammeter no
ted for different length of conductors.The observations are tabulated for variou
s length of the conductors and resistance .it will show resistsnce of conductos
depends on its length.
Project-3. To investigate the factors on which the sensitivity of a Potentiomete
r depends on.
Project-4. To investigate the effect of refractive index of different optical me
dium in a hollow prism on the angle of deviation using laser.
Investigatory Project 5
AIM: To investigate the dependence, of the angle of deviation, on the angle of i
ncidence, using a hollow prism filled, one by one, with different transparent fl
uids. Apparatus: hollow prism, different liquids, al pins, drawing board, thumb
pins, white sheet etc. Procedure:-By filling the hollow prism by different liqui
ds repeat the same procedure adopted in experiment of minimum deviation of glass
prism. Conclusion:-Draw the conclusion based on angle of deviation obtained for
different liquids.

Investigatory Project 6
AIM. To design an appropriate OR logic gate and to verify the truth table. Appar
tus:-A battery, cells, Bulb/LED, Switch Analog Circuit Diagram
Procedure First we have to assemble all apparatus then we will fix them one by o
ne on a cardboard or plywood. We will connect a bulb/LED to a cell or a battery
through two switches as shown in figure. When one of the switch either A or B is
in ON position the bulb/LED will glow and we can easily verify the truth table
of OR gate. Projects 7
Aim: Study of Total internal Reflection. Requirements: A beaker, a stirrer,a las
er light,a soap piece and a test tube. Procedure: Put water in the beaker and di
ssolve soap cake piece in it with the help of stirrer.The laser pass from bottom
of the beaker to strike the top surface of the water.A spot will be observe on
the roof as well as floor of the room.This shows the partial reflection and refr
action of the laser light at the interface of two media. Now let the beam inclin
ed to strike the top surface of the water and the angle of inclination is adjust
ed till spot is obtained on the floor itself and no spot is available on the roo
f.Repeat this part of the experiment with soap water poured in a test tube such
that laser beam gets reflected in number of times within the test tube.

INVESTIGATORY PORJECT-8 Aim:-Roget s spiral for attraction between parallel currents

. Requirements: -Stand, helical spring, connecting wires and mercury. Procedure:
-Magnetic effects are generally smaller than electric effects. It would be like
pulling a wire by a string going over a pulley to which a 50 mg weight is attach
ed. The displacement of the wire would be quite unnoticeable. With the use of a
soft spring, we can increase the effective length of the parallel current and by
using mercury, we can make the displacement of even a few mm observable very dr
amatically. You will also need a constant-current supply giving a constant curre
nt of about 5 A. Take a soft spring whose natural period of oscillations is abou
t 0.5 1s. Hang it vertically and attach a pointed tip to its lower end, as shown i
n thfigure here. Take some mercury in a dish and adjust thespring such that the
tip is just above the mercury surface. Take the DC current source, connect one o
f its terminals to the upper end of the spring, and dip the other terminal in me
rcury. If the tip of the spring touches mercury, the circuit is completed throug
h mercury. Let the DC source be put off to begin with. Let the tip be adjusted s
o that it just touches the mercury surface. Switch on the constant current suppl
y, and watch the fascinating outcome. The spring shrinks with a jerk, the tip co
mes out of mercury (just by a mm or so), the circuit is broken, the current stop
s, the spring relaxes and tries to come back to its original position, the tip a
gain touches mercury establishing a currentin the circuit, and the cycle continu
es with tick, tick, tick, . . . . In the beginning, you may require some small a
djustments to get a good effect. Keep your face away from mercury vapours as the
y are poisonous. Do not inhale mercury vapours for long.

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