Nama : Veiga Affiah

NIM : H1E013007
Seismik Eksplorasi

3.1 Refer to Figure 3.38. Assuming horizontal interfaces, determine the subsurface geology at
this site.
f(x) =

80

Chart Title

f(x) = 4.4x

70

f(x) = 0.67x + 23.31

60
50
40
30
20
10
0

10

20

30

40

Diketahui :
V1
V2
V3
t1
t2
h1
h2

50

Jenis Batuan
227.27
27
1489.4
25
3703.7
04
0.0233
1
0.0497
5
2.6802
51
21.317
3

m/s

sand

m/s

clay

m/s

Metamorphic rocks

s
s
m
m

60

70

3.2 Figure 3.41 is a field seismograph from a region with horizontal interfaces. Interpret the
data.

f(x)
140=

f(x) = 0.71x + 43.31

120
100
80
60
40
20
0

20

40

60

V2
t
h

100

Satu
an

Diketahui :
V1

80

192.307
6923
1403.11
4915
0.04330
9
4.20399
9789

120

Jenis Batuan

m/s

Sand
(Unsaturated)

m/s

Clay

s
m

140

3.3 Using information in Figure 3.42, determine as much as possible about the subsurface
geology at the site where the information was recorded. Be sure to include comments
concerning sources of possible error.
f(x) =

Grafik x-t3.3
60

f(x) = 0.4x + 30.12

f(x) = - 0.26x + 57.06

50

f(x) = - 1.46x + 109.96

40

Time (ms)

30
20
10
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Distance (m)
Forward 1st Layer

Linear (Forward 1st Layer)

Forward 2nd Layer

Linear (Forward 2nd Layer)

Reverse 1st Layer

Linear (Reverse 1st Layer)

Reverse 2nd Layer

Linear (Reverse 2nd Layer)

70

80

Satu
an

Jenis
Batuan

Alluviu
m
Limesto
ne

ju

586.6
09 m/s
3147.
72 m/s
5205.
03
s
11.25
2.401
m
0.599
m

hd

0.759

hu

0.599

Diketahui :

v1
v2
ic

jd

3.4 Calculate the critical distance to the first and second interfaces in the diagram below.

m/s

v1

800

v2

1800

v3

6000

h1

12

h2

Xc1

Xc2

15
11.907
33
12.663
39

3.5 Interpret the following refraction data:

Distance
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85

Time
Forward
7.1
14.3
21.4
28.6
35.7
42.9
48.5
51
53.5
56
58.4
60.9
63.4
65.9
68.4
70.8
73.3

Time
Reverse
7.1
14.3
18.6
22
25.4
28.8
32.2
35.6
39
42.3
45.7
49.1
52.5
55.9
59.3
62.7
66.1

90
95
100
105
110
115
120

75.8
77.5
78.3
79.1
80
80.8
81.6

69.5
72.8
76.2
77.9
79
80.2
81.3

Chart Title
90

f(x) = - 0.68x + 93.18

80

f(x) = 0.17x + 61.7

f(x) = - 0.23x + 82.45

f(x) = 0.49x + 31.52
f(x) = 1.41x

70
60
50
40

f(x) = - 1.44x + 179.9

30
20
10
0

20

40

60

80

100

Satua
n

Diketahui :

120

Jenis
Batuan

v1

700.854

m/s

Alluvium

v2

1758.71

m/s

Gracial till

v3

5205.03

ic1

13.49

ic2

20.3

2.89

3.33

jd1

0.32

jd2

8.38

ju1

0.08

ju2

6.31

Granite

140

3.6 Provide a qualitative interpretation for this travel-time curve but be as specific as
possible:

Dari kurva travel-time diatas dapat dilihat terdapat 2 lapisan batuan yang mana lapisannya
tidak horizontal atau miring.
3.7 In the area where the following time-distance data were collected, bedrock velocities
average 5000 m/s. What is the minimum depth to bedrock?
Distance from Shot
(m)
10
20

Forward Traverse
(ms)
16.7
33.3

Reverse Traverse
(ms)
121
115.1

30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120

50
66.7
77.6
83.9
90.1
96.4
102.6
108.9
115.1
121

f(x) =

108.9
102.6
96.4
90.1
83.9
77.6
66.7
50
33.3
16.7

Chart Title

140
120

f(x) = - 0.62x + 127.44

f(x) = 0.62x + 46.59

100
80

f(x) = - 1.67x + 216.71

60
40
20
0

20

40

60

v2
v3
ti1
ti2
h1
h2

100

Satu
an

Diketahui :

v1

80

599.8
8
1607.
976
5000
0.046
593
0.097
15.06
254
40.02
987

m/s
m/s
m/s
s
s
m
m

Jenis
Batua
n
Alluvi
um
Clay
Bedro
ck

120

140

3.8 Assume a vertical contact separates two layer of moderate velocities. These two layers are
overlain by a third layer with low velocity. Using the accompanying time-distance data,
determine the velocities of the materials, the thickness of the top layer, and, as closely as
possible, the location of the vertical discontinuity.
Distance from Shot
(m)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120

Forward Traverse
(ms)
33.3
66.7
100
111.4
114.3
117.3
120.2
123.1
133.6
138.9
144.1
149.4

Reverse Traverse
(ms)
151.7
148.8
145.8
142.9
140
137
134.1
125.1
119
100
66.7
33.3

160
f(x) =
= 0.53x
- 0.29x
+ 154.63
f(x)
+ 86.27
f(x) = - 0.61x + 174.45f(x) = - 3.34x + 433.52

140

f(x) = 3.33x
f(x) = 0.29x + 99.68

120
100
80
60
40
20
0

20

40

60

Diketahui :
V1
V2
V3
h
y

299.9
13
2531.
567
2657.
055
14.32
414
84

80

Satu
an
m/s
m/s
m/s
m
m

100

Jenis
Batua
n
Soil
Sandst
one
Limest
one

120

140

3.10 These data are taken from a traverse across a buried vertical discontinuity. Explain why
the travel-time curve has the appearance it does. Then determine as much as possible about
velocities, the thickness of the overburden, and the location of the vertical discontinuity.
Distance from Shot
(m)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120

Forward Traverse
(ms)
12.5
25
37.5
50
64.2
69.2
74.2
79.2
84.2
89.2
94.2
99.2

Reverse Traverse
(ms)
151.7
148.8
145.8
142.9
140
137
134.1
125.1
119
100
66.7
33.3

Chart Title
120

f(x) = - 1.25x + 162.5

f(x)
+ 39.2
f(x) =
= 0.5x
- 0.43x
+ 107.56
f(x) = 1.27x

100
80
60
40
20
0

20

40

60

Diketahui :

V1

V2
t
h

795.1
008
2161.
98
0.045
411
19.41
348

80

100

Satu
an

Jenis
Batuan
Sand
(satura
ted)
Sandst
one
and
shale

m/s

m/s

120

140

s
m

3.11 The following refraction data produce a classic two-layer pattern. However, well logs
indicate that the typical sequence consists of three layers with a low-velocity layer occupying
an intermediate position. The depth to the top of the low-velocity layer remains essentially
constant at 3 m. The velocity of the layer is 1200 m/s. Determine the depth to the top of the
third layer (bedrock) using only the information on the travel-time curve. Next determine the
actual depth to bedrock based on additional information from well logs. What is the
percentage error involved when we use only the information on the travel-time curve?

Chart Title
35
f(x) = 0.56x
f(x) = 0.16x + 19.9

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

10

20

30

Diketahui :
V1
V2
V3
h1
h2

795.10
08
2161.9
8
0.0454
11
3
18.7

40

Satua
n
m/s
m/s
m/s
m
m

50

60

Jenis
Batuan
Alluvium
Gracial till
(compact
ed)
Bedrock

70

3.13 The time-distance data presented here were recorded in an area where steep fault scarps
in bedrock are overlain by alluvial debris. Deduce as much information as possible from the
data.
f(x) =

Grafik x-t
3.13
50
f(x) = 0.19x + 22.01

40

f(x)
f(x) =
= -- 0.19x
0.15x +
+ 39.73
38.65
f(x) = 0.19x + 16.55

30

Time (ms)

f(x) = - 0.71x + 89.29

20
10
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Distance (m)
Forward 1st Layer

Linear (Forward 1st Layer)

Forward 2nd Layer

Linear (Forward 2nd Layer)

Forward 3rd Layer

Linear (Forward 3rd Layer)

Reverse 1st Layer

Linear (Reverse 1st Layer)

Reverse 2nd Layer

Linear (Reverse 2nd Layer)

Reverse 3rd Layer

Linear (Reverse 3rd Layer)

140

Diketahui :
V1
V2
h1
z

1399.
97
6037.
56
13.12
188
2.363
226

Satu
an
m/s
m/s

Jenis
Batua
n
Alluvi
um
Bedro
ck

m
m

3.14 The following time-distance values were recorded from forward and reverse traverses.
Because your contract requires detailed information on a bedrock refractor, use the delaytime method to obtain depths and then construct the bedrock surface. Reciprocal time is 40.7
ms.

Geophone
Number
1
2
3
4

Distance
Time (ms)
(m)
Forward Reverse
10
8.3
40.5
20
14.2
37.9
30
16.8
36.9
40
20.3
36.7

Delay
Time (ms)
4.05
5.7
6.5
8.15

Depth
(m)
10.45791
14.71854
16.7843
21.04493

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120

21.3
25.6
28.2
28.4
31.8
34.5
35.5
39.7

34.7
34.1
33.7
30.2
30
25
16.7
8.3

7.65
9.5
10.6
8.95
10.55
9.4
5.75
3.65

19.75383
24.5309
27.37132
23.11069
27.24221
24.27268
14.84765
9.42503