ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

The circulatory system in humans

is a network of blood vessels
through which the heart pumps the
blood and keeps the blood in
circulation. The circulation system
provides blood to each cell in the
body.
The circulatory system comprises
of
two
sub
systems

cardiovascular system and the

lymphatic
system.
The
cardiovascular system consists of
the heart, blood and the blood
vessels in the form of arteries and
veins. The lymphatic system
consists of the lymph vessels,
lymphatic nodes and lymph.
There are two categories of blood
vessels arteries and veins. The
arteries carry the oxygenated blood
from the heart to the rest of the
body where it distributes the
oxygen and nutrients. The veins
carry the deoxygenated blood from
the body organs back to the heart.
The heart pushes the deoxygenated
blood to the lungs, where the blood exchanges the carbon dioxide with fresh oxygen and
is returned to the heart for recirculation to the body organs. When the blood reaches the
intestines, it collects nutrients for distribution and discards the waste collected from the
body cells to the intestines. The blood carries the oxygen and the nutrients to the tissues
of the body where it exchanges them with carbon dioxide and waste from the cells. Waste
like toxins are released into the kidneys.
Another important role of blood is to carry the white blood platelets that have the
capacity to fight germs and contain diseases to the infection areas. Therefore, blood helps
the immune system of the body.

PARTS
HEART

PICTURE

FUCTION
*The heart is a special involuntary muscle
called the cardiac muscle.
*Involuntary muscles keep working on
their own without our intervention or
effort.
*The heart is divided into two sides
divided by the septum. Each side has two
chambers a ventricle and an atrium.

The left side of the heart is

responsible for pumping the
oxygenated blood from the lungs
to the rest of the body.

The right side of the heart is

responsible for bringing the
deoxygenated blood back to the
lungs.

*The heart keeps beating rhythmically

using an electrical signal from the
Sinoatrial node located at the top of the
heart. An electrocardiograph machine can
record these electric impulses to study the
performance of the heart.
*The heart is a very important part of the
circulatory system. If a part of the blood
is lost, one can survive as the blood can
get regenerated very quickly. However,
any damage to the heart can be fatal. The
heart is made up of involuntary cardiac
muscles that keep the heart beating
without any manual intervention as long

as it remains healthy

BLOOD

*Supply of oxygen to tissues (bound to

hemoglobin, which is carried in red
cells)
*Supply of nutrients such as glucose,
amino acids, and fatty acids (dissolved
in the blood or bound to plasma
proteins)
*Removal of waste such as carbon
dioxide, urea, and lactic acid
*Immunological functions, including
circulation of white blood cells, and
detection of foreign material by
antibodies
*Coagulation, which is one part of the
body's self-repair mechanism
*Messenger functions, including the
transport of hormones and the
signaling of tissue damage
*Regulation of body pH (the normal
pH of blood is in the range of 7.35 7.45)
*Regulation of core body temperature
*Hydraulic functions
The blood is composed of a
fluid called plasma that
contains red blood cells, white
blood cells and platelets. The
plasma carries the proteins,
hormones and minerals from
one part of the body to the
other. The red blood cells
contain hemoglobin which
helps to transport oxygen from
the lungs to the rest of the
body parts. The white blood
cells help to fight infections
and diseases. The blood
platelets help to clot after an

injury thereby preventing an

excess loss of blood.

BLOOD
VESSEL

*The cardiovascular system part of the

circulatory system is a closed network
of blood vessels through which the
blood keeps circulating due to the
action of the heart
*Blood vessels that carry the
oxygenated blood away from the heart
to the body organs are called the
arteries.
*Blood vessels collect the
deoxygenated blood and bring it back
to the heart are called the veins.
*Blood vessels are thick near the heart
and divide into smaller arteries and
finally into capillaries that are only
one cell layer thick. Just to compare,
the largest arteries called the aorta and
the largest vein called the vena cava
are each about an inch in diameter!