TRI-SERVICE ELECTRICAL WORKING GROUP (TSEWG)

03/05/09

TSEWG TP-13: UFC 3-501-03N LOAD DEMAND ANALYSES

Recent development of UFC 3-500-10, Design: Electrical Engineering, and UFC
3-520-01, Design: Interior Electrical Systems, will result in the cancellation of UFC
3-501-03N, Electrical Engineering Preliminary Considerations. UFC 3-501-03N
contains in its entirety MIL-HDBK 1004/1, Electrical Engineering Preliminary Design
Considerations. This Technical Paper has been developed to retain the load demand
analysis information originally contained in MIL-HDBK 1004/1.

MIL-HDBK-1004/1
30 MAY 1988
SUPERSEDING
DM-4.1
MARCH 1983

MILITARY HANDBOOK
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
PRELIMINARY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

AMSC N/A
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A.
UNLIMITED

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE:

DISTRIBUTION IS
AREA FACR

Section 1:

PRELIMINARY DATA

1.1
Scope. This handbook provides the criteria necessary for the
proper selection of electric power sources and distribution systems. It
covers preliminary load estimating factors, electrical power sources, and
distribution systems.
1.2
Cancellation. This handbook cancels and supersedes DM-4.1,
Electrical Engineering Preliminary Design Considerations, of December l979,
and change dated 1 March 1983.
1.3
Load Data. Before specific electric power sources and distribution
systems can be considered, realistic preliminary load data must be compiled.
The expected electric power demand on intermediate substations, and on the
main electric power supply, shall be calculated from the connected load
layout by applying appropriate factors. Determine these factors by load
analysis and by combining loads progressively. To combine the loads, start
at the ends of the smallest feeders and work back to the electric power
source. Because all loads must be on a common kilowatt (kW) or kilovoltampere (kVA) basis, it is necessary to convert motor horsepower ratings to
input kilowatts or kilovolt-amperes before combining them with other loads
already expressed in those terms. Preliminary electric power load estimates
can be made by using the approximate value of one kilovolt-ampere of input
per horsepower (hp) at full load. Preliminary estimates of lighting loads
may be made by assuming watts per ft2 (m2) of building area.
1.4
Load Analysis. To determine appropriate load estimating factors,
using the tables and factors in this manual as guides analyze the
characteristics of each load. Consider items such as environmental
conditions of weather, geographical location, and working hours, as the
situation dictates. Notice that when the load densities in w/ft2 (m2) are
used only in preliminary estimates, the demand and load factors will be used
in the final designs.
1.5
Terminology. Five terms are essential to the analysis of load
characteristics: demand factor, coincidence factor, diversity factor, and
maximum demand. These terms are defined in paras. 1.5.1 through 1.5.4.
1.5.1
Demand Factor. The demand factor is the ratio of the maximum
demand on a system to the total connected load of the system or
EQUATION:

Demand factor

Maximum demand load

Total load connected

(1)

1.5.2
Coincidence Factor. The coincidence factor is the ratio of the
maximum demand of a system, or part under consideration, to the sum of the
individual maximum demands of the subdivisions or
EQUATION:

Coincidence factor =

Maximum system demand

Sum of individual maximum demands

(2)

1.5.3
Diversity Factor.
coincidence factor or
EQUATION:

The diversity factor is the reciprocal of the

Diversity factor

Sum of individual maximum demands

Maximum system demand

(3)

1.5.4
Load Factor. The load factor is the ratio of the average load over
a designated period of time, usually 1 year, to the maximum load occurring in
that period or
EQUATION:

Load factor

Average load

Maximum load

(4)

1.5.5
Maximum Demand. The maximum demand is the integrated demand for a
specified time interval, i.e., 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, or other
appropriate time intervals, rather than the instantaneous or peak demand.

Section 2:
2.1
Preparation of Load Data.
steps such as:
a)

individual loads,

b)

area loads, and

c)

activity loads.

ESTIMATION OF LOADS
Load data are generally computed in

A particular design problem may be limited to step a), to steps a) and b), or
may encompass steps a), b), and c). This section outlines each step as a
separate entity, dependent only on previous steps for data. Paragraphs 2.2
through 2.4.4 describe the three loads.
2.2
Individual Loads. Individual loads are those with one incoming
service supplying utilization voltage to the premises. In general, these
loads would comprise single structures. Large structures could contain more
than one function; for example, aircraft operations, aircraft fire and rescue
stations, and photographic buildings. Under this condition, factors that
have been developed and keyed to Navy category codes (refer to Table 1) would
be used. In this case, the factors listed under Navy Category Code 141-40,
141-20, and 141-60, respectively, would be combined to obtain the total load.
2.2.1
Lighting. To eliminate lighting loads, divide a facility area into
its significant components by function (for example, office, storage,
mechanical, and corridor). Determine the average lighting level and type of
light source for each area. Consider requirements for supplementary lighting
(for example, floodlighting, security lighting, and special task lighting).
Preliminary load estimates may be made based on the following load
allowances:
a) 1 W/ft2 (10.76W/m2) for each 6 to 8 fc (60 to 80 dekalux) of
incandescent illumination.
b) 1 W/ft2 for each 15 to 20 fc (150 to 200 dekalux) of
fluorescent illumination.
c) 1 W/ft2 for each 12 to l8 fc (120 to l80 dekalux) of mercury
vapor illumination.
d) 1 W/ft2 for each 26 to 36 fc (260 to 360 dekalux) of metal
halide illumination.
e) 1 W/ft2 for each 33 to 54 fc (330 to 540 dekalux) of high
pressure sodium illumination.
2.2.1.1
Small Appliance Loads. Small appliance loads shall include those
served by general purpose receptacles. In general, the dividing of areas by
function for estimating lighting loads will serve for estimating small
appliance loads. The determination of loads requires not only a knowledge of
the function of an area, but to what extent its occupants use small
appliances. For example, an office area demand may average about 1 W/ft2
3

Table 1
Factors for Individual Facilities by Navy Category Code (See Note 1)

DEMAND
LOAD
NAVY
FACTOR FACTOR
CODE
DESCRIPTION
(%)
(%)

100
Operational and Training Facilities:
121
Aircraft fueling/dispensing facility . . . . . . . .40-60
16-20
122
Marine fuel dispensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40-60
16-20
123 10
Filling station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40-60
13-17
125 16
Miscellaneous POL pipeline facilities . . . . . . . .100
13-17
126
Liquid fueling and dispensing-other . . . . . . . . .40-60
3- 7
131
Communications - buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . .60-65
70-75
131 40
Telephone exchange building . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-70
20-25
133 75
Air surveillance radar building . . . . . . . . . . .55-70
70-75
137 40
Port control office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-70
20-25
141 11
Air passenger terminal building . . . . . . . . . . .65-80
28-32
141 20
Aircraft fire and rescue station . . . . . . . . . .25-35
13-17
141 30
Aircraft line operations building . . . . . . . . . .65-80
24-28
141 40
Aircraft operations building *EXC 141-70* . . . . .65-80
28-32
141 60
Photographic building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-80
16-20
171 10
Academic instruction building . . . . . . . . . . . .40-60
22-26
171 20
Applied instruction building . . . . . . . . . . . .35-65
24-28
171 40
Drill Hall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75-85
3- 7
200
Maintenance and Production Facilities:
211 05
Maintenance Hangar O/H space (high bay) . . . . . . .45-50
28-30
211 06
Maintenance Hangar - 01 space (crew equipment). . . .45-50
28-30
211 07
Maintenance Hangar - 02 space (administrative) . . .45-50
28-30
211 10
Aircraft overhaul and repair shop (NARF) . . . . . .32-38
25-30
211 12
Paint/finishing hangar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-75
25-27
211 20
Engine overhaul shop (NARF) . . . . . . . . . . . . .32-38
20-25
211 30
Aircraft/engine accessories overhaul shop (NAR) . . .32-38
25-30
211 75
Parachute/survival equipment . . . . . . . . . . . .60-65
23-28
211 81
Engine test cell (Non-NARF) . . . . . . . . . . . . .42-48
25-30
211 96
Maintenance, aircraft spares storage (MISC) . . . . .58-63
23-28
212 20
Missile equipment maintenance ship . . . . . . . . .35-40
15-20
213 10
Drydock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-10
0.5-1
214-10
Combat vehicle maintenance shop . . . . . . . . . . .55-65
20-25
214-20
Automobile vehicle maintenance - noncombat . . . . .55-65
20-25
215
Maintenance - weapons / spares . . . . . . . . . . .70-80
20-25
216 10
Ammunition rework and overhaul shop . . . . . . . . .35-40
18-22
216 20
Rocket rework and overhaul shop . . . . . . . . . . .35-40
18-22
216 30
Mines and depth charge rework shop . . . . . . . . .35-40
15-20
216 40
Torpedo shop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-55
18-22
216 50
Special weapons shop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-40
18-22
216 60
Quality evaluation laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . .55-65
22-27
Note 1:

Demand factors include allowance for system loss.

Table 1 (Continued)
Factors for Individual Facilities by Navy Category Code[1]

DEMAND
LOAD
NAVY
FACTOR FACTOR
CODE
DESCRIPTION
(%)
(%)

217
218
218
218
219
221
222
222
223
225
225
225
225
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
227
227
228
229
229
229
229
300
310
310
310
316
317
400
421
423
431
441
441
441
441
441

10
20
40
50
10
10
10
20
10
10
20
30
50
10
15
20
35
40
55
65
10
10
10
10
20
30
40
13
15
19
10
20

10
10
20
30
40
70

Electronics/communications maintenance shop . . . .

Construction/weight handling equipment shop . . . .
Railroad equipment shop . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Battery shop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Public works shop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aircraft engine assembly plant . . . . . . . . . .
Missile assembly buildings . . . . . . . . . . . .
Missile handling launch equipment . . . . . . . . .
Fabrication/assembly building . . . . . . . . . . .
Small arms plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Light gun (20mm/51n) plant . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy gun (6/161n) plant . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Launcher/projector plant . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bag charge filling plant . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Case filling plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Case overhaul tank repair facility . . . . . . . .
Major-caliber projectile loading plant . . . . . .
Medium-caliber projectile loading plant . . . . . .
Cast high explosives filling plant . . . . . . . .
Propellant and related chemical facility . . . . .
Radio and radar equipment plant . . . . . . . . . .
Sonar equipment plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parachute/survival equipment plant . . . . . . . .
Asphalt plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Concrete batching plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rock crusher plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sawmill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Research, Development, Test & Evaluation Facilities:
Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory . . . . . . . .
Materials Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physics Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ammunition, explosives, and toxics laboratory . . .
Electrical and electronics systems laboratory . . .
Supply Facilities:
Ammunition storage installation . . . . . . . . . .
Ammunition storage-liquid propellant . . . . . . .
Cold storage warehouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General warehouse Navy . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controlled humidity warehouse . . . . . . . . . . .
Hazardous/flammable storehouse . . . . . . . . . .
Underground storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disposal, salvage, scrap building . . . . . . . . .

1Demand factors include allowance for system loss.

.35-40
.35-45
.35-45
.55-65
.32-38
.32-38
.35-40
.35-40
.22-27
.15-20
.15-20
.16-21
.15-20
.62-67
.35-40
.35-40
.35-40
.35-40
.35-40
.30-40
.50-55
.50-55
.35-40
.75-80
.75-80
.75-80
.45-55

20-25
20-25
15-20
20-25
18-22
20-25
15-20
15-20
24-29
22-27
22-27
21-26
22-27
23-28
23-28
18-22
18-22
18-22
18-22
32-38
23-28
23-28
20-25
7-12
15-20
15-20
15-20

.70-80
.30-35
.70-80
.28-32
.20-30

22-28
27-32
22-28
20-25
3-7

.75-80
.75-80
.70-75
.75-80
.60-65
.75-80
.65-70
.35-40

.....
20-25
20-25
23-28
33-38
20-25
23-28
25-20

Table 1 (Continued)
Factors for Individual Facilities by Navy Category Code[1]

DEMAND
LOAD
NAVY
FACTOR FACTOR
CODE
DESCRIPTION
(%)
(%)

500
510
530
540
550
600
610
620
700
711
712
714
721
721
721
721
721
722
723
723
723
724
724
724
724
730
730
730
730
730
730
730
730
730
730
730
730
730

Hospital-Medical Facilities:
10
20
10
10
10
10

10
11
12
13
30
40
10
20
30
40
11
12
22
30
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
67

Hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dental Clinic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical Clinic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative Facilities:
Administrative Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative facility, underground . . . . . .
Housing and Community Facilities:
Family housing-dwellings . . . . . . . . . . . .
Substandard: Trailers-family housing . . . . . .
Detached garages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor enlisted quarters . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor enlisted quarters E5/E6 . . . . . . . .
Bachelor enlisted quarters E7/E9 . . . . . . . .
Civilian barracks GS 01/6 . . . . . . . . . . .
Disciplinary barracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Detached dining facilities, enlisted men . . . .
Latrine, detached . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Laundry, detached . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Garage, detached . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
UOPH, W-1/O-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
UOPH, O-3 and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian quarters, GS-7/PLS . . . . . . . . . . .
Dining facility (attached) commissioned personnel
Fire station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Confinement facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Police station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gate/sentry house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bakery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enlisted personnel locker room . . . . . . . . .
Laundry/dry cleaning plant . . . . . . . . . . .
Dependent school - nursery school . . . . . . . .
Dependent school - kindergarten . . . . . . . . .
Dependent school - grade school . . . . . . . . .
Dependent school - high school . . . . . . . . .
Fallout shelter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bus station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1Demand factors include allowance for system loss.

.
.
.
.

.38-42
.32-37
.35-40
.45-50

45-50
20-25
18-23
20-23

. .50-65
. .50-65

20-35
35-40

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

10-15
10-15
2-4
38-42
38-42
38-42
38-42
38-42
45-60
20-25
20-25
2-4
20-25
20-25
20-25
30-40
13-17
33-38
20-25
28-33
45-60
18-23
20-25
10-15
10-15
10-15
12-17
30-35
30-35

.60-70
.70-75
.40-50
.35-40
.35-40
.35-40
.35-40
.35-40
.30-35
.75-80
.30-35
.40-50
.40-50
.40-50
.40-50
.35-40
.25-35
.60-65
.48-53
.70-75
.30-35
.75-80
.30-35
.75-80
.75-80
.75-80
.65-70
.80-85
.80-85

Table 1 (Continued)
Factors for Individual Facilities by Navy Category Code[1]

DEMAND
LOAD
NAVY
FACTOR FACTOR
CODE
DESCRIPTION
(%)
(%)

730
730
730
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
760
800
811
811
811
811
812
812
813
821
821
821
826
827

70
83
85
01
18
23
26
30
36
40
43
46
50
53
56
60
63
66
70
76
80
86
88
10
10
25
45
60
20
40
20
12
22
50
20
20

831 10
832
833
841
841

30
22
10
50

Decontamination facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75-80

Chapel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-70
Post Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75-80
Exchange retail store . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-70
Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75-80
Commissary including backup storage . . . . . . . . .55-60
Installation restaurant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-75
Exchange auto repair station . . . . . . . . . . . .40-60
Hobby shop, art/crafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30-40
Bowling Alley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70-75
Gymnasium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70-75
Skating rink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70-75
Field house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75-80
Indoor swimming pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-60
Theater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-55
Commissioned officers' mess, open . . . . . . . . . .55-60
Enlisted personnel club . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-60
Petty officers' mess, open . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-60
Mess open, E-7 through E-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-60
Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75-80
Golf club house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75-80
Exchange installation warehouse . . . . . . . . . . .58-63
Educational services office . . . . . . . . . . . . .70-75
Museum/memorial building . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75-80
Utilities and Ground Improvements:
Electric power plant-diesel . . . . . . . . . . . . .60-65
Electric power plant-steam . . . . . . . . . . . . .60-65
Electric power plant-gas turbine . . . . . . . . . .60-65
Standby generator plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75-80
Street lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95-..
Perimeter/security lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . .80-85
Substation, more than 499 KV . . . . . . . . . . . .25-30
Fossil fuel heating plant - medium . . . . . . . . .55-60
Fossil fuel heating plant - large . . . . . . . . . .55-60
Non-nuclear steam plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50-55
Chilled water plant 25/100 tons . . . . . . . . . . .60-70
Air conditioning-chilled water transmission/
distribution system - medium (25/100 tons) . . . . 60-70
Combination sewage and industrial waste
treatment plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-70
Sewage-industrial waste pumping station . . . . . . .55-60
Incinerator building and incinerator . . . . . . . .55-60
Water treatment facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . .60-80
Wells-potable water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60-80

1Demand factors include allowance for system loss.

7

15-2
5-25
20-25
25-32
20-25
25-30
15-25
15-20
25-30
10-15
20-45
10-15
7-12
25-50
8-13
15-20
18-23
18-23
15-20
30-35
15-20
23-28
30-35
30-35
58-63
58-63
58-63
5-10
46-..
22-27
20-25
30-60
30-60
30-40
25-30
25-30
15-20
30-35
15-20
15-25
15-25

Table 1 (Continued)
Factors for individual Facilities By Navy Category Code[1]

DEMAND
LOAD
NAVY
FACTOR FACTOR
CODE
DESCRIPTION
(%)
(%)

843 20
890 20
890 42
125 10
132 10

213
213
213
213
213
213
213
213
213
213
213
213
213
213
213
213
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226
226

41
42
43
44
49
53
54
55
56
59
60
61
62
63
64
67

Fire protection pumping station . . . . . . . . . . Do not include

-operate for
test off peak.
Compressed air plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-50
25-30
Air-conditioning plant, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60-70
25-30
Miscellaneous Operational and Training Facilities:
POL pipeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Antenna - communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95-..
46-..
Miscellaneous Facilities for Ship Repair and
Shipbuilding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ship repair shops:
Central tool shop - (06) (E). . . . . . . . . . . .32-37
23-28
Shipfitting shop - (11) (A) . . . . . . . . . . . .22-27
24-29
Sheet metal shop - (17) (B) . . . . . . . . . . . .10-15
15-20
Forge and heat treatment space (23) (F) . . . . . .25-30
13-18
Inside machine shop - (31) (G). . . . . . . . . . .16-21
21-26
Boiler making shop - (41) (D) . . . . . . . . . . .12-17
14-19
Electrical shop - (51) (M). . . . . . . . . . . . .33-38
20-25
Pipefitting shop - (56) (J) . . . . . . . . . . . .22-27
17-22
Woodworking shop - (64) (R) . . . . . . . . . . . .25-30
21-26
Abrasive blast facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30-35
10-15
Paint and blasting shop - (71) (S). . . . . . . . .50-55
23-28
Riggers shop - (72) (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50-55
20-25
Sail loft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-40
20-25
Foundry - (81) (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-40
22-27
Patternmaking shop - (94) (X) . . . . . . . . . . .28-33
12-17
Pumphouse, drydocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75-80 0.1-0.2
Miscellaneous Facilities for Naval Ordnance
Manufacture:
Ammunition components building . . . . . . . . . . .15-20
20-25
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30-45
17-32
Explosive loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-70
25-30
Miscellaneous explosives storage and handling . . . .65-70
5-10
Assembly building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40-50
20-25
Detonator building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-70
20-25
Pelleting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40-50
20-25
Plastic beading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-60
18-23
Sewing room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-40
25-30
Projective assembly breakdown . . . . . . . . . . . .55-60
18-23
Machine shop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-21
21-26
Phosphorous plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-40
25-30
TNT detonator (military) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-40
15-20
Ammunition tank box assembly . . . . . . . . . . . .35-40
15-20
Box emptying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-40
15-20

1Demand factors include allowance for system loss.

8

Table 1 (Continued)
Factors for Individual Facilities by Navy Category Code1

DEMAND LOAD
NAVY
FACTOR FACTOR
CODE
Description
(%)
(%)

226
226
226
226

Plating maintenance . . . . . . . . . .
Mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Segregation fleet return . . . . . . .
Plaster load . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fluoroscope building . . . . . . . . .
Tank building rocket . . . . . . . . .
Hydrostatic test . . . . . . . . . . .
Phosphorous loading . . . . . . . . . .
226
Vacuum and hydraulic pump building . .
226
Cable drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
226
Dryer building . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous Production Facilities:
229 50
Printing plant . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous Storage Facilities:
750
Community Facilities - morale, welfare,
recreation - exterior . . . . . . . .

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.35-40
.40-45
.35-40
.35-40
.45-50
.40-45
.35-40
.35-40
.35-40
.35-40
.75-80

18-23
18-23
15-20
15-20
18-23
15-20
15-20
15-20
12-17
12-17
3- 8

. . . . . . .45-55

25-30

and
. . . . . . .Determine by
load count
and time.
750 30
Outdoor swimming pool installation . . . . . . . . .80-85
20-25
750 54
Band stand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75-80
15-25
Miscellaneous Facilities for Utilities and Ground
Improvements:
821 09
Heating plant building (condensate) . . . . . . . . .55-60
25-40
821 09
Heating plant building (heating) . . . . . . . . . .55-60
30-35
833 40
Garbage house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75-80
20-25
841
Potable water - supply/treatment/storage . . . . . .Determine by
load count
and time.
845 20
Pipeline nonpotable water . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-60
3- 8
852 30
Pedestrian bridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80-85
20-25
872 20
Guard and watch towers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80-..
46-..
890 20
Compressed air plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60-65
20-25

1Demand factors include allowance for system loss.

(10.76 W/m2), but could vary from a low of 0.5 W/ft2 (5.38 W/m2) to a
high of 1.5 W/ft2 (16 W/m2) depending on the specific tasks to be
performed. A minimum of 0.1 W/ft2 (1 W/m2) for auditoriums to a maximum
of 2.5 W/ft2 (27 W/m2) for machine shops is possible, although the upper
limit would occur very rarely. Mechanical spaces in building storage areas
and similar spaces in which outlets are provided but infrequently used are
usually neglected in computing loads, except for special cases.
2.2.1.2
Electric Power Loads. Electric power loads shall include all loads
other than lighting loads and those served by general purpose receptacles and
comprise the environmental system electric power requirements and the
facility occupancy equipment electric power requirements.
2.2.1.3
System Loss. A system loss of approximately 6 percent, based on
calculated maximum demand, should be added to the building load.
2.2.2
Demand and Load Factors. The demand and load factors for a
specific facility will vary with the division of load and hours of usage.
Refer to Tables 2 and 3 for values that can be applied to determine demand
and load factors. Table 4 is included as a guide and an aid in illustrating
the method of determining loads, which are calculated for a particular type
of building, such as an academic and general instruction building (Navy Code
171-10). The values given are empirical and will vary from activity to
activity, and may vary from one facility to another within an activity.
Annual hours use of demand must be determined for each case in accordance
with methods of operation and characteristics of the installation. Demand
factors and load factors for individual facilities by the Navy category code
given in Table 1 are based on a survey of existing Navy facilities and past
experience. Such factors should be used for quick estimating purposes and
as a check when a more precise calculation is undertaken (refer to Table 4).
2.2.2.1
Guides for Demand Factors.
factors, refer to Table 5.

For guides on the selection of demand

2.2.2.2
Guides for Load Factors. Guides for the selection of load factors
indicate the need for special considerations (refer to Table 6). Factors in
the middle of the range are for the average facility at the peacetime shore
establishment and should be used unless the guides in Table 6 indicate
otherwise.
2.2.3
Load Growth. Determine the requirements for load growth for
anticipated usage and life expectancy with particular attention to the
possibility of adding heavy loads in the form of air conditioning, electric
heating, electric data processing, and electronic communication equipment.
Before determining the size of service and method of distribution to a
facility, an economic analysis shall be made to determine the most feasible
way of serving this future load. This analysis shall include the effect on
the existing installation if future loads require reinforcing or
rehabilitation of the service system.

10

Table 2
Demand Factors for Specific Loads (See Note 1)

ESTIMATED
QUICK
TYPES OF LOADS
RANGE OF
ESTIMATING
DEMAND FACTOR
DEMAND FACTOR
(%)
(%)

MOTORS:
General purpose, machine tool, cranes,
elevators, ventilation, compressors,
pumps, etc. ..............................
20 - 100
30
MOTORS:
Miscellaneous, fractional, and
small appliances .........................
10 - 50
25
Resistance ovens, heaters, and furnaces ....
80 - 100
80
Induction furnaces .........................
80 - 100
80
Lighting ...................................
65 - 100
75
Arc welders ................................
25 - 50
30
Resistance welders .........................
5 - 40
20
Air-conditioning equipment .................
60 - 100
70
Refrigeration compressors ..................
40 - 100
60

Note 1: Demand factors include allowance for system loss.

Table 3
Annual Hours of Demand Usage for Specific Loads

QUICK ESIMATING HOURS USE

TYPES OF LOADS
1-SHIFT
2-SHIFT
3-SHIFT
OPERATION
OPERATION OPERATION

MOTORS:
General purpose .......................
1,200
1,600
2,000
MOTORS:
Miscellaneous, fractional, and
small appliances ......................
1,500
1,800
2,100
Resistance ovens, heaters, and furnaces .
1,000
1,300
1,600
Induction furnaces ......................
900
1,200
1,500
Lighting ................................
2,200
2,800
3,500
Arc welders .............................
500
700
900
Resistance welders ......................
500
700
900
Air-conditioning equipment
Less than 1,500 cooling degree days ... 1,200
1,400
1,600
1,500 to 1,500 cooling degree days .... 1,600
1,800
2,000
More than 2,500 cooling degree days ... 2,200
2,500
2,800

11

Table 4
Academic Building (Code 171-10) Demand and Load Factor Calculations
(See Note 1)

MOTORS

GENERAL
MISCELLANEOUS
FRACAIR
TIONAL
LIGHTING
CONDITOTAL
& SMALL
TIONING
APPLIANCES

1. Watts/square foot
1.0
1.0
2.7
4.5
9.2
(Watts/square meter)
10
10
26.5
45
91.5
2. Connected load
100 kw
100 kw
265 kw
450 kw
915 kw
3. Specific load demand
factor
30%
10%
75%
70%
4. Maximum demand load
(line 2 X line 3)
30 kw
10 kw
200 kw
315 kw
555 kw
5. Annual operating
(1-shift) usage
1,200 hrs 1,500 hrs 2,200 hrs
1600 hrs
6. Annual usage in
megawatt hours
(line 4 X line 5)
36
15
440
504
995
7. Demand factor
line 4
Formula =

60%
(1)
line 2
8.

Load factor

line 6
Formula =
(4)
line 4 X 8760 hrs

20%

Note 1:

Calculated for a 100,000 square-foot (10,000 square meter)

building.
See tables 2 and 3 for data used for lines 3 and 5
respectively. Load growth is included in connected load.
Maximum demand load includes allowance for system loss. For
this illustration, the coincidence factor occurring when
individual demand loads are added is considered to be 1.00 and
has not been shown.

12

Table 5
Guides for Selection of Demand Factors

Selection of factors in upper half of

Selection of factors in lower half of
range for conditions described below
range for conditions described below

GENERAL GUIDES

Facilities in active use and

Facilities of intermittent use or
approaching maximum capacity.
not being fully utilized.
Loads predominantly lighting.
Motor loads made up of a number of
Loads predominantly heating.
independently operated small motors.
Loads dominated by one or two
Motor loads controlled automatically
large motors.
unless control depends upon
weather conditions.

OPERATIONAL AND TRAINING FACILITIES

Instruction buildings with little or

Large instruction buildings with
no electric equipment.
electrical demonstration and
Communications buildings with
training equipment.
telephonic equipment only.

MAINTENANCE AND PRODUCTION FACILITIES

Shops and facilities when engaged in

No special guides.
mass production of similar parts.

RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND TEST FACILITIES

Facilities used for repetitive

No special guides.
testing of material or equipment.

SUPPLY FACILITIES

Refrigerated warehouses in South.

Warehouses with many items of
Dehumidified warehouses in Mississippi
electric materials handling
Valley and along seacoasts.
equipment, including cranes and
Warehouses for active storage.
elevators.

HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL FACILITIES

No special guides.
No special guides.

13

Table 5 (Continued)
Guides for Selection of Demand Factors
ADMINISTRATIVE FACILITIES

Large administrative buildings with

Casual offices, offices used
mechanical ventilation and air
infrequently by foremen and
conditioning.
supervisors, or offices in which
Note: Group large administrative
there is little prolonged desk
buildings separately only when
work.
administration is a significant
part of total activity load.

HOUSING AND COMMUNITY FACILITIES

Enlisted barracks at training centers. Food service facilities where load

Public quarters where less than 25
is primarily cooking and baking.
family units are involved.
Restaurants, exchanges, cafeterias,
and other food service facilities
when gas or steam is primary fuel.

UTILITIES AND GROUND IMPROVEMENTS

Central heating plants serving

No special guides.
extended areas and buildings.
Water pumping stations serving
extended areas or carrying most
of load of water systems.
Central station compressed air plants.

14

Table 6
Guides for Selection of Loads Factors
Select factors in upper half of range
Select factors in lower half of
conditions described below
range for conditions described below

GENERAL GUIDES

Facilities operated on two or more

Facilities used intermittently.
shifts.
Inactive facilities.
Loads that are primarily fluorescent
Large motor loads when the load
or high intensity discharge lighting.
consists of relatively small
Many small independently operated
numbers of motors.
motors.
Wholesale-type service facilities.
Electronic equipment continuously
operated for immediate use.
Cooling and dehumidification loads
for year-round climate control in
southern climates.
Retail-type service loads and loads
that are in active use.

OPERATIONAL AND TRAINING FACILITIES

Large, permanent instruction

Special-purpose instruction and
buildings in active use.
training facilities not regularly
used.

MAINTENANCE AND PRODUCTION FACILITIES

Shops with battery charging

Welding loads or loads made up
equipment operated after hours.
primarily of welding equipment.
Active shops at full employment.
Job-order workshops.
Mass production shops.
Shops with large, heavy special
function machines.
Large induction or dielectric heating
loads.

RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND TEST FACILITIES

No special guides.
No special guides.

15

Table 6 (Continued)
Guides for Selection of Loads Factors
SUPPLY FACILITIES

Refrigerated and dehumidified

Refrigerated warehouses in North.
warehouses in South or in humid
Warehouses with large materials
climates.
handling equipment loads.
Warehouses for active storage and
in continuous use.

HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL FACILITIES

Clinics and wards with daily

No special guides.
operating hours and in active use.

ADMINISTRATIVE FACILITIES

Large, active, well-lighted

No special guides.
offices with ventilation and
air-conditioning equipment.

HOUSING AND COMMUNITY FACILITIES

Navy exchanges with food service

Restaurants and exchanges serving
facilities.
only one meal a day.
Gymnasiums used in connection
Restaurants and exchanges with gas
or with physical therapy.
steam food preparation equipment.
Barracks at schools and training
Chapels used primarily on Sundays.
centers.
Subsistence buildings serving less
than four meals a day.
Laundries with dry cleaning plants.
Exchanges operated less than 8
hrs/day.
Gatehouses operated less than 24
hrs/day.

UTILITIES AND GROUND IMPROVEMENTS

Heating plants that supply both

Heating plants in South.
heating and process steam.
Water plants with little power load.
Air-conditioning plants for year-round
control of environment in South.
Compressed air plants consisting of
many banked compressors operating
automatically.

16

2.2.4
Emergency Loads. The determination of emergency electric power
requirements is based on three types of loads (refer to Section 3 for types
of loads to be included in each category):
a)

minimum essential load,

b)

emergency load for vital operations, and

c)

uninterruptible (no-break) load.

When the three categories of emergency electric power requirements have been
ascertained, determine where local emergency facilities are required, where
loads may be grouped for centralized emergency facilities, and what loads are
satisfied by the reliability of the general system. Base the aforementioned
determinations on safety, reliability, and economy, in that order.
2.3
Area Loads. Area loads consist of groups of individual facility
loads served by a subdivision of the electric distribution system. The term
"area" applies to the next larger subdivision of an overall distribution
system. Demand loads for an area must be known for sizing the distribution
wiring and switching, and in a large installation will be required for the
design of substations serving the area. Table 7 gives an example of how the
coincident peak demand is calculated.
2.3.1
General Loads. To obtain the general load, add roadway lighting,
area lighting, obstruction lighting, and other loads not included in
individual facility loads.
2.3.2
Coincidence Factor. Determine the maximum expected demands, taking
into consideration whether loads within the area peak at the same or at
different times.
2.3.2.1
Relationships. Figure 1 indicates the relationship that exists
between the load factor of individual facility loads and the coincidence of
their peak demands with the peak demand of the group. This relationship was
developed by a study of the loads of selected naval shore activities and by
the application of factors developed to the formulas published by the
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). For collateral
reading on this subject, refer to IEEE Technical Paper 45-116
Coincidence-Factor Relationship of Electric Service Load Characteristics.
Table 8 is Figure 1 in tabular form with values shown to the nearest whole
dollar, except for low load factors.
2.3.2.2
Selection. Areas with relatively insignificant residential type
loads, where the load curve indicates that most of the electric power
consumed in the area is used during the 40 normal working hours of a week,
have coincidence factors at the higher end of the range.
2.3.2.3
Electric Power Consumption. In general, areas where large amounts
of electric power are consumed outside the usual 40 working hours a week have
a coincidence factor at the lower end of the range (examples are hospitals,
areas operated on two or more shifts, or large barracks type activities).
The upper limit of the range is for a 40 hour per week operation; the lower
limit is for a 60 hour per week operation.
17

Table 7
Method of Calculating Coincident Peak Demand
Parenthesized () numbers refer to Notes

TOTAL
DEMND MAXIMUM LOAD COIN- COINCONNECT- FACTDEMAND FAC- CIDCIDNAVY
ED LOAD
OR
TOR
ENCE
ENCE
CODE
DESCRIPTION
FACPEAK
TOR
(kW)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(kW)

125 16
Fuel oil pump house..................................................
125 16
Fuel oil pump house..................................................
125 16
Total
0.3
100
0.3
52
52(1)
0.2
125
125
131
131
131
131

20
20
35
50
50
50

133 25
133 75
141 20
141 40
141
171
171
171
171
171

60
10
10
10
10
10

171 35
211 10
211 12
211 22
211 21
211 21
211 21
211 83
212 20
214
214
214
214
214

20
20
20
20
20

Filling station ......

3.0
60
1.8
18
57(1)
1.0
Filling station bldg .
0.3
80
0.2
20
61(1)
0.1
Receiver building
2.1
65
1.4
72
79
1.1
Transmitter building.................................................
Transmitter building.................................................
Total ..............
37.2
65
24.2
72
79
19.1
Tacan building .......
0.7
65
0.5
72
79
0.4
Radar building .......
1.2
70
0.8
72
79
0.6
Aircraft fire and
rescue station .....
8.0
30
2.4
15
52(1)
1.2
Aircraft operations
building ...........
80.2
80
64.2
28
68(1)
43.6
Photographic building
10.5
70
7.4
18
57(1)
4.2
Academic instruc. bldg..............................................
Academic instruc. bldg..............................................
Academic instruc. bldg..............................................
Academic instruc. bldg..............................................
Total
47
60
28.2
22
62(1)
17.5
Operational Trainer
facility ...........
0.1
80
0.1
15
52(1)
....
Aircraft overhaul
and repair shop ....
7,600
38
2,890
25
95(2)
2,745
Paint/finishing hangar
127
70
89.0
26
66(1)
58.3
Engine preparation
and storage shop....................................................
Engine maint. shop..................................................
Engine maint. shop..................................................
Total ..............
405
40
162
15
52(1)
84.2
Engine test cell .....
360
45
162
28
68(1)
110
Missile equipment
maint. shop ........
3.0
40
1.2
22
62(1)
0.7
Auto veh. maint. facs...............................................
Auto veh. maint. facs...............................................
Auto veh. maint. facs...............................................
Auto veh. maint. facs...............................................
Total
370
60
222
25
65(1)
145
18

Table 7 (Continued)
Method of Calculating Coincident Peak Demand

730 10
Fire station .........
14.6
30
4.4
15
521
2.3
Total
3,325
System loss (6%)
194
Grand total
3,429

(1) The coincidence factor has been increased to allow for low load factor and
number of facilities in the area. Refer to para. 2.3.2.4, Influencing
Factors, of this handbook.
(2) The coincidence factor has been increased because of the relative
magnitude of the load. Refer to para. 2.3.2.5, Individual Loads, of this
handbook.

19

20

Table 8
Relationship Between Load Factor and Coincidence Factor

COINCIDENCE FACTOR
COINCIDENCE FACTOR
(%)
(%)
LOAD
Loads (hr/wk)
LOAD
LOADS (hr/wk)
FACTOR

FACTOR

(%)
40
60
(%)
40
60

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43

2.5
7.5
12
17
21
25
28
32
35
38
41
44
46
49
51
53
54
56
57
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
69
69
70
70
71
71
71
71
72
72
72
72
72

1.5
4.5
8
11
14
17
20
22
24
26
29
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
51
53
54
55
56
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
64
65
65
65
66
66
66
67

51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
21

73
73
73
73
73
73
73
74
74
74
74
75
75
76
76
77
77
78
78
78
78
79
79
80
81
81
82
82
82
82
82
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93

69
70
70
70
71
71
71
71
72
72
72
73
73
74
74
75
75
76
76
77
77
78
78
79
80
80
81
81
81
82
82
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93

Table 8 (Continued)
Relationship Between Load Factor and Coincidence Factor

COINCIDENCE FACTOR
COINCIDENCE FACTOR
(%)
(%)
LOAD
Loads (hr/wk)
LOAD
LOADS (hr/wk)
FACTOR

FACTOR

(%)
40
60
(%)
40
60

44
45
46
47
48
49
50

73
73
73
73
73
73
73

67
67
67
68
68
69
69

94
95
96
97
98
99
100

94
95
96
97
98
99
100

94
95
96
97
98
99
100

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2.3.2.4
Influencing Factors. The number of individual loads in a group and
their load factors influence the individual load coincidence factor. The
coincidence factors in Table 8 apply for groups of l00 or more individual
loads. These coincidence factors can also be used for groups of as few as 30
to 50 individual loads if their load factor is 0.30 or greater. For areas of
fewer individual loads, the mathematical relationship from IEEE Technical
Paper 45-116 provides a basis for estimating the connected coincidence factor
as shown by the following equation:

2.3.2.5
Individual Loads. The coincidence factors in Table 8 are based on
the individual loads in a group being substantially the same size. If a
single load or small group of loads in an area represents a substantial
percentage of overall load, the coincidence factors as given in Table 8 will
no longer apply. With an individual load, increase the coincidence factor to
a value commensurate with its effect on the overall area load. This is not
in addition to, but in place of, the normal coincidence factor. Determine
this value by considering intergroup coincidence factors given in paragraph
2.3.2.6. (An example of facility Navy code 211-70 is presented in Table 7.)
For a small group, determine the coincidence peak load, and to this apply
the appropriate intergroup coincidence factor to obtain the coincidence peak
load for the area.
2.3.2.6
Groups of Loads or Areas. Where groups of loads within an area, or
areas within a facility are combined, an additional intergroup coincidence
factor will exist. For loads of a similar nature, the intergroup coincidence
factor should be in the range 0.93 to 1.00. If loads of a varying nature
(evening loads and daytime loads) are combined, the intergroup coincidence
factor should be in the range of 0.70 to 1.00. The lower values will occur
when the magnitudes of the loads are nearly balanced, and the higher ones
when the combined load is predominantly one type.
2.3.3
Load growth. In addition to planned expansion, increased
application of electric equipment will generate an increase in load. When
sizing components, such as transformers or feeders for the area system,
consider possible load growth in addition to that included in the
determination of individual loads.
2.3.4
demands.
demand.

System Losses. Add distribution system losses to estimated area

For a good approximation, use 6 percent of the calculated maximum

23

2.3.5
Emergency Loads. Review the overall emergency requirements for the
area, based on criteria for the facility or as furnished by the using agency,
to determine the following:
a) The emergency loads that may be combined in groups to take
advantage of the coincidence factor.
b) The type of distribution system needed for reliability and to
economically satisfy at least the less critical emergency load requirements.
This reliability can be provided only if the source of electric power is not
the determining factor.
c) Area loads that must be added to individual emergency loads;
for example, security lighting and minimum roadway lighting.
2.3.6
Expansion. The planned development of the area, as shown on the
activity general development map, shall be considered for requirements of
future expansion.
2.4
Activity Loads. Activity loads are loads that consist of two or
more area loads served from a single electric power source and an integrated
distribution system.
2.4.1
General Loads. Follow the approach used in para. 2.3 for area
loads. Area loads used for determining activity coincidence demand should be
the area coincident demand exclusive of allowance for load growth.
2.4.2
Coincidence Factor. Refer to para. 2.3.2 for the necessary
approach. Where dissimilar areas, whether residential, administrative, or
industrial, are part of an activity, make a careful analysis of the
coincidence factor used.
2.4.3
Load Growth. As for an area, components should be sized after due
consideration has been given to load growth. Apply this increase to the
coincident demand of the activity.
2.4.4
Expansion. The planned development of the activity, as shown on
its general development map, shall be considered for requirements of future
expansion.

24